2021屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)閱讀搶分練（五）歷史文化類(lèi)閱

讀

1.Earth'slongestartificialstructureisusuallysaidtobetheGreatWallofChina.Justhow

longthatisishardtosay,fornorthernChinaactuallyhasmanywalls,builtatdifferenttimesand

notalwaysinterconnecting.Earth'ssecond-longestartificialstructure,though,isnotawall,but

afence.Itslengthisknownexactly.Itstretchesfor5,614kmacrosseasternAustraliaandis

intendedtostopthecountry'snativeferaldogs,thedingoes,whichlivemainlytoitsnorth,from

preyingonsheep,whicharefarmedmainlytoitssouth.

Australia'sdingofenceisremarkable.Butitdoesnotstandalone.Millionsofkilometres

offenceswraptheworld.Someareintendedtocontrolthemovementofanimals,somethe

movementofpeople,andsomemerelytomarkthelimitsofterritory,sothateveryoneknows

whoownswhat.Evenfencesbuiltforotherpurposes,though,oftenservetolimitanimals,too.

Suchworriesarenotfoolish.HardeningbordersinCentralAsia,coupledwiththeexpansionof

fencedrailways,havereducednumbersofanotherlarge,endangeredmammal,thesaiga

antelope.

Nosittingonthefence,please

Smarterfencingcanhelp.IntheAmericanWest,forexample,MontanaandWyomingare

mountingcampaignstoreplacedecades-oldfenceswithonesthataremoreecologicallyfriendly.

Thechangesrequiredareoftensmall.Makingfenceslowenoughfordeertojumpoverhelps.

Addingpolesimprovesafencedvisibility,stoppingunfortunatecollisionsatspeed.Andnotall

wireneedbebarbed（帶倒刺）.

Thereis,though,alsoaneedtopaintaclearerpictureofwherefencesare,andtoremove

thosepasttheirprime.Suchstructuresareseldomwell-documentedandaredifficulttopickout

insatellitephotographs,sodoingthiscanbehard.JeffreyMasek,aspecialistinEarth-imaging

atNASA,America'sspaceagency,suggestsinsteadusingcommercialdrones,whichflyatlow

enoughaltitudestocapturedetailedpictures.Desertedfencesareofusetoneithermannorbeast.

Tobeasts,infact,theyarepositivelydisgusting.

l.Thefirstparagraphisdevelopedmainly.

A.byexampleB.bylistingdata

C.bycomparisonD.bycontrast

2.Whyarepeopleconcernedaboutthefences?

A.Theycontrolthemovementofanimals.

B.Theymayharmthemovementofpeople.

C.Theymaygobeyondtheoriginalpurposes.

D.Theydidharmtoenvironmentalprotection.

3.Whichofthefollowingisthemeasurementionedinthepassage?

A.Removeallthecurrentfences.

B.Preventsomeunfortunatecollisionsatspeed.

C.Changetheheightandappearanceoffences.

D.Makethefencesmoreappealinginappearance.

4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?

A.Theneedtotakeclearphotosoffences.

B.Theimportanceofknowingthelocationoffences.

C.Thedamageofthedesertedfencestohumansandbeasts.

D.Thetoolsinhelpingdealwithfences.

2.TraditionalMarriageCeremonies

Belgium

Thegroomcomestothebride7shouseandgivesherflowers.Theygotothechurchandthe

manisinsidewhenthebride'sfatherbringshertoherfuturehusband.Whentheycomeout,the

familythrowsriceonthem.

Germany

Somedaysbeforethewedding,friendsandrelativesbringoldporcelain（瓷器）and

kitchenwaretothrowonthegroundinfrontofthebrideandgroom.Thisissupposedtogrant

themahappy,luckylife;that'swhythiseveningeventiscalledPolterabend-theeveningwith

lotsofbrokenporcelain.ThePolterabendoftendevelopsintoaninformalandcasualparty.

ElSalvador

Whenaweddingiscelebrated,theweddingceremonyservicestartswithoutthebride.The

groomandallthepeoplewhohavebeeninvitedtotheceremonyarewaitingforherduringthe

service.Agroupofsevenmengoestothebride9shome.Thebrideandherfamilyarewaiting

forsevenwhitecarswhichaccompanythebride'scaruntiltheyarriveatthechurch.

Japan

ThecoupledrinksJapanesericewineinfrontofapriest（牧師）.First,thebridedrinksthe

winefromasmallcup.Next,thebridepassesthecuptothegroomandhealsodrinksthewine

fromthecup.Theydrinkthreetimes.Thismeansthattheymakeacommitmenttoloveeach

otherforever.

Turkey

Whenagirlgetsmarried,allherfemalefriendswritetheirnamesinsideherbridalshoes.

Aftertheweddingceremony,ifsomeone'snamehasbeenrubbedoffandcan'tbereadanymore,

itmeansthispersonisgoingtogetmarriednext.

l.WhydopeoplethrowporcelainbeforetheweddingceremonyinGermany?

A.Toenjoyacasualparty.B.Torespecttheguestspresent.

C.Towishthecouplegoodluck.D.Tokickofftheweddingparty.

2.Inwhichcountrydoestheweddingceremonystartwhilethebrideisn'tthere?

A.belgium.B.Germany.C.E1Salvador.D.Turkey.

3.WhatceremonyimpliesthenewJapanesecouple'spromiseofalife-longlove?

A.Drinkingwinethreetimes.B.Throwingricetotheirguests.

C.Writingtheirnamesintheshoes.D.Goingtothechurchfirstwithapriest.

3.TheNewYearisatimeforcelebrationsforalmosteveryonearoundtheworld.InBritain,

peoplegotopubsandnightclubstodancetheoldyearaway,andtowelcomeinthenewoneat

midnight.

Inrecentyears,streetpartieshavebecomemorepopular.Thousandsofpeoplegatherin

squares,mainstreetsorontheriverbankstolistentobandsplayingandtoseefireworks

displays.

Forpeoplewhostayathome,mostareattractedbythespecial,liveNewYearshowsonTV.

Theyarewaitingforthecountdown,alongwiththepresenters,from10to1asthelastseconds

oftheoldyeartickawayandthebellsoftheNewYeararerung.

InScotlandpeoplevisittheirneighborsanddrink,danceonNewYear'sEve.Ifyou're

invitedtoaScottishhomethatnight,it'simportanttoknowwhattobringwithyou:alumpof

coal,someshortbreadandsomewhisky.

Thecoalshowswarmth,soyou'rewishingthatthepeopleyouvisitwillhaveenoughheatin

thecomingyear.Theshortbreadrepresentsfood,soyou'rehopingthatthepeoplewillhave

enoughtoeatintheNewYear.SomeScotscallwhisky"thewateroflife",sowhenyouhand

overyourbottletoyourhosts,itmeansyouwantthemtohaveenoughtodrinkoverthenext12

months.

Andthere*sonemorekeytaskyoustillhavetoperformifyoucan.Thefirstpersontoknock

onaneighbor'sdoorissupposedtobeatall,darkandhandsomemanwhowillbringgoodluck

tothehousehold.Butwhatifthat'snotyou?Well,don'tringthebelljustyet.Waitawhileand

therightpersonissuretoturnupsoon!

1.WhatdovisitorsmeanbytakingthingstoaScottishhomeonNewYear'sEve?

A.Sharinggoodfoodandwarmth.B.Sendingbestwishesforthefamily.

C.Helpingthosepoorfamilies.D.Showingrichnessandgenerosity.

2.Thetall,darkandhandsomemanfirstlyknockingontheneighbor'sdoorisbelievedtobring

A.alumpofcoalB.someshortbread

C.abottleofwhiskyD.goodluck

3.PeoplestayingathometillmidnightonNewYear'sEvearemostly.

A.enjoyingtheliveTVprogramsB.talkingwiththepresenters

C.learningtocountdownnumbersD.ringingthebellsforNewYear

4.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat.

A.Britishpeoplehatetothinkoftheoldyearandwishtodanceitawayquickly

B.streetconcertshavebecomemorepopularonthemidnightoftheNewYearEve

C.BritishpeoplewillfiresomefireworksinpublicplacestocelebratetheNewYear

D.peoplewillstayathomedoingnothingbutwaitforthebelloftheNewYeartoring

4.TherebuiltNotreDame（巴黎圣母院）couldfeatureafuturisticglassdesign,solarpower,

andanurbanfarmthatsupportsvulnerableandhomelessParisians,ifonearchitecturefirm's

visionisrealized.InApril,FrenchPrimeMinisterEdouardPhilippeannouncedaninternational

competitionforarchitectstoredesignthecathedrafs19thcenturyspire（尖頂），whichfelldown

afterafiredestroyedthe850-year-oldGothiclandmark.ParisfirmVincentCallebaut

Architectures(VCA)respondedtothecallwithaneco-friendlydesignthatsupportsthelocal

populationandproducesmoreenergythanituses.

TheVincentCallebaut(VC)projectistitled"Palingenesis",aGreekconceptofrebirthor

recreation.Thefirmproposesanewroofmadeofglass,oakandcarbonfiber,whichconnects

"inonesinglecurvedstrokeofpencil"totheslopingspire.Theroosterwhichtoppedthe

originalspire,regainedfromtheremainsafterthefire,willresumeitswatchfromthenew

glassdesign,whilethecathedrafschoirwillbe"bathedinnaturallight".

Beneaththespire,theroofwillhostafruitandvegetablefarmrunbycharitiesand

volunteers,inordertoproducefreefoodforvulnerablelocalpeople.nUpto21tonsoffruits

andvegetablescouldbeharvestedanddirectlyredistributedforfreeeachyear/thefirmsaidin

apressrelease."Tothatend,afarmers1marketwouldbeheldeveryweekontheforecourtof

NotreDame."Theroofandspirewillalsoproduceelectricity,heatandventilation(air

circulation)forthecathedral:an"organicactivelayer**withintheglasswillprovidesolarpower,

whiletheroofsdiamond-shaped"scales**willopentooffernaturalventilation-adesign

inspiredbytermitemounds(白蟻丘).Thespirewillactasaspaceinwhichhotairaccumulates

inwinter.

"Howcanwewritethecontemporaryhistoryofourcountry,butalsothatofscience,art

andspiritualitytogether?'1thefirmsaidinapressrelease.MWeseektopresentasupremeproject,

asymbolofalivelyandecologicalfuture.9,IftheVincentCallebautdesignisselected,thefirm

said,therebornNotreDamewilldefine“thenewfaceoftheChurchinthe21stcentury0,

presenting"afairersymbioticrelationshipbetweenhumansandnature".

1.WhatcanbelearnedaboutthedesignofNotreDamebyVCA?

A.Itisfocusedonthethemeof"green”.

BitcanrecoverNotreDame'soriginalappearance.

C.Itgetsthemostlocalsupportthantheothers.

D.Itisfromthemostfamousarchitectaroundtheworld.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart''resumeitswatch"inparagraph2mean?

A.liemadeofhigh-techmaterials.

B.Showpeopletherighttimeagain.

C.Beremovedandplacedsomewhereelse.

D.OverlookNotreDameagainatitsoriginalplace.

3.Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytalkabout?

A.Theinspirationofthedesign.

B.Thefunctionoftheroofandthespire.

C.AdetailedintroductionoftheVCAproject.

D.ThesymbolofNotreDameforthelocalpeople.

4.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?

A.ThefutureofthenewNotreDamelooksblack

B.TheVCAisconfidentaboutwinningthecompetition.

C.TheproposalfortheNotreDamehasbeenapproved.

D.ThenewdesignofNotreDamewillbeamixofhistory,scienceandart.

5.Inmany——evenmost——space-themedfilms,wheneverEarthfacesadisaster,thesolution

isalwaysleavingtheplanetinspaceships.ButthelatestChinesesci-fimovie,uTheWandering

Earth”,offersadifferentidea.

Inthefilm,whichisadaptedfromashortstorybyChinesesci-fiwriterLiuCixin,Earthisin

dangerofbeingdestroyedbythedyingSun.Humansaroundtheworldworktogethertobuilda

hugeenginesystemthatwillpushEarthawayfromtheSun.InsteadofleavingEarthagain—

thistimewe9retakingitwithus.

Thisideadidn*tcomefromnowhere.Forthousandsofyears,Chinesepeoplehavehada

specialemotionattheir“homeland“intheirheartsandminds.Oneoldsayingis“l(fā)uoyegui

gerT,whichmeansreturningtoone'shomelandinoldage,likefallenleavesreturningtothe

rootsoftheirtree.Orlooktoanancientpoem:"TheseasoncalledtheWhiteDew（白露）begins

tonight/Nowhereasinournativeplaceisthemoonsobright."Thesebothshowthestrong

relationshipthatChinesepeoplehavehadwiththeii*homeland.

Thisisprobablywhatsets"TheWanderingEarth"apartfromHollywood-stylespacefilms.

“WhatisChinesesci-fi?”GuoFan.thefilm'sdirector,saidinaninterview."Filmsthatcan

reallyexpressOurculturalandspiritualcore（精神核心）canbecalledChinesesci-fi.Otherwise,

we'rejustcopyingothersandtellingthesameAmericanstories.

Andthemakersof“TheWanderingEarth**mayhavechosenthebesttimetotelltheChinese

sci-fistory.ThefilmwasscreenedonFeb5,thefirstdayofChineseNewYear.Itwasatime

whenmanypeoplehadjustmadethehardjourneybacktotheirhometowns.Sotothem,thereis

onlyonepossiblewaytotellthestory:Earthgoeswhereverhumansgo,becauseit'sourhome.

1.Whatcanweknowabout“TheWanderingEarth“fromthepassage?

A.Itfollowsthelatestfilmfashion.

B.ItisbasedonLiuCixin'sbook.

C.Itisafilmcopyingforeignmovies.

D.Itoffersusanewexperienceofwatchingfilms.

2.WhatdoesPara3mainlytalkabout?

A.Thesuitableseasonwhenthefilmwasscreened.

B.Thefamouspoemsmentionedinthefilm.

C.ThecommonpointsbetweenChinesefilmsandforeignfilms.

D.Theculturalbackgroundofthefilm.

3.ThemakersofthisfilmchooseFeb5toputonitprobablybecause.

A.itwastheSpringFestivalandmanypeoplehavetimetoseeit.

B.manyoldpeoplewanttoreturntotheirhometown.

C.itcancausemanypeopledcommonfeelingsatthistime.

D.Chinesepeopleusuallycelebratetogetheronthatday.

4.WhatcanweinferfromGuoFan'swords?

A.Americansci-fifailstoexpressitsculture.

B."TheWanderingEarth"tellsaforeignstory.

C.Chinesesci-fishouldhaveitsownfeatures.

D.Sciencefictionfilmsshouldexpresscertainspiritualcores.

6.BritishWomenWritersinDifferentPeriodsofTime

TheEnglishRenaissance

TheEnglishRenaissancebeganinthelaterpartofthefifteenthcenturyandlasteduntilthe

1660s.AmongthemostfamouswomenwritersofthisperiodisAphraBehn,whoisseenasthe

firstprofessionalwomanwriterinEnglish.Shewroteanumberofplaysthatdealtwithtopics

suchasracismandslavery.AgoodexampleisOroonokopublishedin1688.AphraBehn's

worksalsoincludetheplaysTheAmourousPrince,TheTownFop,TheDutchLoverandher

onlytragedy,Ahdelazer.

TheNeoclassicalperiod

Amongthewell-knownwomeninBritishliteratureduringtheNeoclassicalperiod,from

1660totheendoftheeighteenthcentury,isAnneFinch.Shewrotepoetryandtriedtoexpress

allthatshesawandexperienced.Twootherwomenarerecognisedfortheircontributionsto

NeoclassicalBritishLiterature:MaryAstellandLadyMaryWortleyMontagu.MaryAstel1was

aphilosopherandafeministwriter.Sheisbestknownnowforhertheoriesontheeducationof

women.

TheRomanticperiod

JaneAustenisoneofthemostfamouswomenwritersthatworkedduringtheRomantic

period(1798-1832).Herworksincludeseveralnovels,mostofwhichfbcusonmarriageasa

wayforyoungwomentosecuresocialstandingandeconomicsecurity.Hermostfamousnovels

arePrideandPrejudice,SenseandSensibilityandEmma.Anotherfamouswomanwriterfrom

theEnglishRomanticismisMaryShelley.SheistheauthorofFrankenstein,HistoryofSix

WeeksTourandTheLastMan.

TheVictorianperiod

TheVictorianperiod,betweenthe1830sand1901,wasthetimewhentheBrontesisters,

GeorgeEliotandElizabethGaskelllivedandwrote.CharlotteBronte,EmilyBronteandAnne

BronteproducedmanyBritishliteraryclassics.Charlotte'snovelsincludeJaneEyre,Shirley,

VilletteandTheProfessor.MaryAnneEvansusedthemalepennameGeorgeEliotasshe

wantedtosetherselfapartfromthefeminineworksofcookbooksanddomesticmoraltales.Her

mostfamousnovelisTheMillontheFlosspublishedin1860.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatareAphraBehn*splaysmainlyabout?

A.Cookingandgardening.B.Racismandslavery.

C.Economicsecurity.D.Educationofwomen.

2.WhichperioddoesJaneAustenbelongto?

A.TheVictorianperiodB.TheEnglishRenaissance.

C.TheNeoclassicalperiod.D.TheRomanticperiod.

3.WhydidMaryAnneEvanspublishherstoriesunderthenameofGeorgeEliot?

A.Womenwereforbiddentowritenovelsthen.B.Herworkswouldbe

different.

C.Ithelpedpromoteherworks.D.Itsoundedmorepopular.

4.1fareaderisinterestedinwomen'seducation,whoseworkscanbethebestchoice?

A.AnneFinch's.B.MaryAstelfs.

C.LadyMaryWortleyMontagu's.D.MaryShelley's.

答案以及解析

1.答案：l.C;2.C;3.C;4.B

2.答案：l.C;2.C;3.A

解析：1.根據(jù)Germany下面的"Thisissupossedtograntthenahappy,Luckyliffe”可知,在婚禮

前幾大，親朋好友會(huì)把舊瓷器和廚具扔在新郎和新娘面前的地上，這是為了祝福他們有一個(gè)

幸福、幸運(yùn)的生活。

2.題干問(wèn)的是哪個(gè)國(guó)家的婚禮是新娘不在的時(shí)候就開(kāi)始了。根據(jù)ElSalvador下面的“When

aweddingiscelebrated,theweddingceremonyservicestartswithoutthebride.''可知，在薩爾瓦

多,當(dāng)舉行婚禮時(shí)，婚禮儀式是在新娘不在場(chǎng)的情況下開(kāi)始的。

3.題干問(wèn)的是有關(guān)日本的婚禮習(xí)俗的問(wèn)題。根據(jù)Japan下面的內(nèi)容可知，新婚夫婦在牧師面

前喝日本米酒。新娘先喝，然后新郎喝，一共喝三次。這意味著他們承諾永遠(yuǎn)相愛(ài)。故本題

選Ao

3.答案:l.B