專題01閱讀理解

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成考點聚焦：核心考點+高考考點，有的放矢

二重點速記：知識點和關(guān)鍵點梳理，查漏補缺

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鈿節(jié)理斛數(shù)

詞義精洲做

閱讀理解器理判斷做

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細節(jié)理解題要求考生對閱讀材料中的某一具體事實和細節(jié)進行理解。它們大都是根據(jù)文章中的具體信

息如事實、例證、原因、過程、論述等進行提問的。有些問題可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些則需要我

們在理解的基礎(chǔ)上將有關(guān)內(nèi)容系統(tǒng)化才能找到，比如計算、排序、是非判斷、圖形比較等。

常見的命題方式通常有：

1.特殊疑問句形式。以when,where,what,which,who,howmuch/many等疑問詞開頭引出的問題；

2.以是非題的形式。true/fake,nottrue/false或EXCEPT,近年這種題型較少；

3.以Accordingto…開頭提問方式；

4.以填空題的形式，如：

(1)Toavoidattractingmountainlions,peopleareadvised.

(2)Bythefirstsentenceofthepassageauthormeansthat.

(3)Itseemsthatnowacountry'seconomydependsmuchon.

(4)1fyouareinterestedinknowingaboutwhatpeople'slifewillbe,youmayvisit.

(5)Thepolicemenweretold“tolooktheotherway^^(theunderlinedpartinParagraph2)sothat.

(6)Thepolicemanwhosaid“Goodevening”toRollswantedto.

5.就文中數(shù)字、排序、識圖等提問。

做細節(jié)理解題時，大多數(shù)學(xué)生易出現(xiàn)的問題是閱讀速度太慢，缺乏一定的快速閱讀技巧，考生要培養(yǎng)

自己快速獲取信息的能力。解答此類試題時，不必通篇細看原文，而常?？刹扇　皫е鴨栴}找答案''的方法.

先從問題中抓住關(guān)鍵性詞語。然后以此為線索。要快速地辨認和記憶事實或細節(jié)，就要恰當?shù)剡\用略讀及

查讀的技巧快速在文章中尋找與此問題相關(guān)的段落、語句.仔細品味，對照比較.確定答案。除了運用掃讀法

（scanning）外，還可以兼用排除法.將“無此細吊”和“與此細力相反”的選項排除。

了解細節(jié)題干擾選項的特點也有助于考生提高答題的正確率。一般情況下，干擾項有如下幾個特點：（1）

是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容；（2）符合常識，但不是文青內(nèi)容；（3）與原文的內(nèi)容極其相似，只是在

程度上有些變動；（4）在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反；（5）部分正確，部分錯誤。

有的細節(jié)理解題只要直接辨認不要求讀者對客觀的事實作巴解釋或判斷，只要求從閱讀材料中直接獲

取信息。同時還要求讀者記住重要細節(jié)，在必要的時候（做判斷、推斷或結(jié)論的時候）能夠準確而迅速地將他

們回憶起來。解此類題要求考生快速抓住原文中的關(guān)鍵信息，直接得出答案，但要注意往往答案與原文中

的語句并非一模一樣，而是用不同的詞語或句型結(jié)構(gòu)表達相同的意思。有的細節(jié)理解題就需要通過有關(guān)詞

語和句子的轉(zhuǎn)換。利用主要事實、圖表、圖形來獲取信息，然后利用因果、類比、時間、空間等關(guān)系將零

碎的細節(jié)經(jīng)過一系列加工、整理，方能做出正確的判斷。此類試題在高考中占大多數(shù)。

值得一提的是，有時原文中的信息可能只是一個短語，甚至一個單詞，因此需要我們在閱讀中特別仔

細才能捕捉到真正有用的信息。

在英語閱讀理解中的生詞障礙往往會成為學(xué)生理解的“絆腳行”，這些“絆腳石”的出現(xiàn)大致分五類：

1.舊詞新義，考查詞匯表中未出現(xiàn)的詞義；如：NearbyistheIndianapolisracecourse,wherethenation's

mostfamouscarraceisheldeachyearonMay30th.我們學(xué)過course的意思是“過程，課程”等，在此顯然不符

句意。根據(jù)上下文course是汽車賽舉行的地方，可推斷course在該句是“車道”或“跑道”的意思。

2.合成詞、轉(zhuǎn)化詞與派生詞,$11shoplifting,heartbroken,puteriiterate,decisionthinking,imperfect等;

3“靈活”的常用詞增多，這些詞必須根據(jù)具體的上下文語境才能正確理解；

4“新鮮”的外國人名、地名、專有名稱增多，這些詞有些帶有一定的文化背景。

5.超綱牛詞。

有的學(xué)生在閱讀訓(xùn)練和測試中存在著“生詞恐懼心理”，一遇到生詞就有讀不下去的感覺。那么閱讀理解

時遇到大量生詞該怎么辦？查詞典當然是排除詞義障礙的一種方法，當然這只有在平常的閱讀訓(xùn)練中才可

以使用。但是，頻繁的查閱詞典既影響閱讀速度，又容易破壞學(xué)生閱讀的思路和興趣。況且，?詞多義是

英語詞匯的主要特點，詞典不一定能為學(xué)生提供單詞在特定的上下文中的具體或確切的含義。平時的練習(xí)

中遇到生詞不要馬上查詞典，可以通過一定的方法來猜測理解。猜測詞義不僅是一項閱讀技巧，也是高考

閱讀能力考查的?個方面，每年在高考閱讀中都有猜測詞義的試題。掌握正確方法快速而又準確地猜測出

生詞的含義，對提高閱讀速度和答題效率相當重要。

該類題常見的考查形式有：

1.Thephrase"…"inthesentencecouldbereplacedby.

2.Theword':."intheparagraphrefersto.

3.Whatisthemeaningof（heunderlinedwordintheparagraph?/Whatdoestheunlinedwordmean?

4.Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtothephrase

5.Thewordmostnearlymeans.

對此類試題，考生應(yīng)該進行大膽猜測，但這種猜測不是胡亂的，盲目的，而是有一定的方法和技巧。

例如，由上下文的語境是解決詞義猜測題的重要解題方法。劃線詞的怠思往往是我們要猜測的怠思。我們

可以通過已知的上下文的詞匯或者句子來猜測未知的意思。

推理判斷題主要考杳學(xué)生根據(jù)文章的字面意思，通過語篇邏輯關(guān)系，研究細節(jié)的暗示，推敲作者的態(tài)

度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判斷題屬「主觀性較強的高層次閱讀理解題。做這類題時，考生應(yīng)在理解全

文的基礎(chǔ)上，從文章本身所提供的信息出發(fā)，運用邏輯思維，同時借助一定的常識進行分析、推理、判斷。

提問整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思時，問句中都含有infer,imply,indicate,suggest（推斷，暗指）等詞。

對付這類題時我們不僅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潛在的含義，和作者所給的提示。

同時要對文章的含義和作者的暗示作合理的猜測和推論。關(guān)鍵是：意思要靠推斷得出，而不是原文照搬。

這就要把握住文章的主題思想和每段的內(nèi)容；明確作者的觀點及其寫作該文的目的；分析文章里所給的有

關(guān)信息；注意詞匯在詞典的定義和詞典以外的含義：最后運用自己的知識進行由表及里的邏輯推理，挖出

文章的伏筆，得出正確的推論。

這種問題的提問方式通常有：

1.Fromparagraph4wecaninferthat./WhatcanbeinfeiTedfromthepassage?/Fromthelastparagraphwe

caninferthat.

2.Wecaninferfromthetextthat.../WhatcanweIearnfrom...?/Wecanconcludefromthepassagethat...

3.Thelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphmostprobablyimpliesthat.

4.Theauthorimpliesthatbytheyear2080,.

5.Tosolvethepresentsocialproblemstheauthorsuggeststhatweshould.

6.Theauthormentionsthefactthat...toshow.

7.Thispassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin?

8.Theauthor,sattitudetoward...is?

9.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas?

這些提問方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必須根據(jù)提問中的某些關(guān)鍵字眼與短文中相應(yīng)的

有關(guān)內(nèi)容加以邏輯推理或演算，從而得出某些作者并未說明卻己在字里行間所暗含的意思及觀點。具體的

說，考生應(yīng)當注意以下幾點：

1.首先要注意一定要忠實于原文，以文章提供的事實和線索為依據(jù)。立足已知，推斷未知，遵循“詞不

離句，句不離段，段不離篇”的原則。千萬不能主觀臆想，憑空想象，隨意揣測，更不能以自己的觀點代替

作者的觀點3

2.要吃透文章的字面意思，從字里行間捕捉有用的提示和線索，這是推理的前提和基礎(chǔ)。有的推斷，

考生完全可以根據(jù)文章中所闡述的細節(jié)，再結(jié)合自己所掌握的基礎(chǔ)知識、有關(guān)背景知識或常識來幫助進行

分析、推敲，從而得出符合文章原意的結(jié)論。

3.要對文字的表面信息進行挖掘加工，由表及里，由淺入深，從具體到抽象，從特殊到一般，通過分

析、綜合、判斷等，進行深層處理，合乎邏輯地推理。不能就事論事，斷章取義，以偏概全。

4.要把握句、段之間的邏輯關(guān)系，了解語篇的結(jié)構(gòu)，同時還要體會文章的基調(diào)，揣摩作者的態(tài)度，摸

準邏輯發(fā)展方向，悟出作者的言外之意。

Passage1

（2025?安徽馬鞍山高二開學(xué)考）Ahighendtrainjourneyenablesyoutoexperiencedestinationsata

uniquepaceandintotalfortwhileenjoyingfirstclassservice.Thesearesomeofthemostexcitingrailroutesto

choosefrom.

GoldenPassExpress,Switzerland

GoldenPassExpresstakespassengersfromMontreuxtoInterlaken.It'sathreehourridewithfour

departuresaday.Theheatedleatherseatscanrecline（后f頃）androtate（旋轉(zhuǎn)）180degrees.They'realsoraised

15incheshighertoboosttheviewsovervineyards,greenvalleysandblueiceglaciers.Aoneweyticketcosts

￡115.

LaDolceVita,Italy

LaDolceVitatrainservicetransportspassengerstoItalyofthe1960s.Therearealtogether30rooms-plus

abarcarwherepassengerscanwatchappealingfieldsflybyasapianistplays.Avarietyofimpressiveoffboard

experiencesareavailable,fromtouringvineyardsatMontalcinotoridinghorsesinAbruzzo.Aonewayticketstarts

at￡2,140.

SpaciaX,Japan

Thistrainprovidesastylishv/ayofmakingthetwohourjourneybetweenTokyo'sAsakusastationandthe

cityofNikko.SpaciaXalsoincludesfortablesofasandseats.Passengerscanappreciatethesceneryastheyshoot

pastmountains,waterfallsandtemoles.TicketscanbeboughtonlineorfromanystationontheTobuline.Aone

wayticketstartsfrom￡7.50.

TheVietage,Vietnam

TheVietagerunsbetweenDaNangandQuyNhoninsupremefort.Travelerscantakeinthebeautyofthe

Vietnamesecountrysideoverathirtycourselunchwithfreedrinks.Theticketpricealsoincludesa

headandshouldermassage（按摩）.Aonewayticketis￡330.

1.WhichofthefollowingmakesLaDolceVitastandout?

A.fortableseats.B.Variousoffboardexperiences.

C.Onlineticketbooking.D.Aheadandshouldermassage.

2.Whichoftherailroutesprovidesaheartylunch?

A.SpaciaX,Japan.B.LaDolceVitazItaly.

C.TheVictogc,Vietnam.D.GoldenPassExpress,Switzerland.

3.Whatdothefourrailrouteshaveinmon?

A.Thetraveltime.B.Theticketprice.C.Thesuperiorservice.D.Theadjustableseats.

Passage2

（2025河南新鄉(xiāng)?高二開學(xué)考）

FouroftheBestMoneyGamesforKids

Whenwasthelasttimeyourkidssawyoupayforsomethingincash?Chancesarethatyourkidsrarelyseebills

andcoinsexchangehands.Livinginadigitalworld,it'sdifficultforkidstounderstandwhatreallyhappenswhen

adultspayforthings.Ihefollowingaresomemoneygamesforkidsthatcanteachthemthedifferentvaluesof

billsandcoins,howtohandlemoney,andeveneconomics.

BuyItRight

Agerange:Ages7to12

BuyItRightletskidsgethandsonexperiencedealingwithbillsandcoinswhileintroducingtheconceptofprices

andthinkingthroughwhetheranobjectistooexpensiveornot.Kidssettheirpricesandbuyandsellitemswhile

movingtheirpiecearoundtheboard.

MoneyMatchMe

Agerange:Ages5to8

Whilenotentirelyagame,MoneyMatchMecanbeafunwaytotestkids*knowledgeofcoins.Onecardshowsa

groupofcoinsneedingtobematchedwithawrittendescription.Forexample,apictureofthreequarterswould

bematchedwithacardthatsayszzseventyfivecents".

MoneyBags

Agerange:Remendedforages7+

Ifyourkidsneedpracticecountingmoneyandtellingapartdifferentcoins,theMoneyBagsgamecanhelp.As

playersmovealongtheboard,theycollectmoneyfromthebank.Thewinneristhepersonwhohasthemost

moneywhenthegameends.

PayDay

Agerange:Ages8andup

Thisclassicboardgamesimulateswhatit'sliketogetapaycheckeachmonthwhilealsohavingfinancial

duties.Playersarealsoabletoreceive10%interestonthebalanceoftheirsavings.Theplayerwiththemostcash

andsavingsattheendwins.

4.WhatistheskillfocusofBuyItRight?

A.Introducingbasicbusinessconcepts.B.Recognizingdifferentbillsandcoins.

C.Learningtoidentifyandcountmoney.D.Makingkidsconsiderpricesandexpenses.

5.Whichmoneygameremendstheyoungestagelimit?

A.BuyItRight.B.MoneyBags.

C.MoneyMatchMe.D.PayDay.

6.WhatdoMoneyBagsandPayDayhaveinmon?

A.Playersfocusonaddingdifferentbills.

B.Whoeverownsthemostmoneyisthewinner.

C.Kidslearnhowtobudgetinareasonableway.

D.Kidsareabletoreceiveinterestontheirsavings.

Passage3

（2025山東濟寧?高二開學(xué)考）

Europe'sBestLongDistanceIlikingTrails

ThesehikesonsomeotEurope'sbestlongdistancetrails（路線）otterachancetoreconnectwiththeworld,

getsomeenergeticexerciseandenjoypeacefulmomentsinsomeoftheEurope'smostbeautifulscenery.

HyssnaTrail,Sweden

WestSweden'squietbeautyisthestaroftheshowonthis40kilometer;twodayhike.Theroundtrailstarts

atHyssnazsl2thcenturychurch,whichcanbeaccessedbybusfromGothenburginjust40minutes.Therouteis

wellguided,withplentyofpicnicspotsandawellappointedcampsite.

KarhunkierrosTrail,Finland

FinnishLaplandiswellknowiiasawinterdestination,withmagicalauroraborealis（1吸）匕）andanamazing

ancientSamiculture.Itzsalsohometothe82kilometerKarhunkierrosTrail,themostwellknownlongdistancewalk

inFinland.ThepathbeginsinHautajarvivillageinLapland'sSallaandendsattheRukatunturiFellinKuusamo,

takingfourdays.

KingCharlesIIIEnglandCoastalPath,England

Coveringanareaof4,300kilometers,theEnglandCoastalPathisalifetime'sattemptforthosewhowishto

covereverystep.Anditcanbeeasilybrokendownintoareas,withnorthwest,northeast,east,southeastand

southwestregionstoexplore.WalkingaroundthecoastofCornwallwillleaveanyoneenergetic.

SlovenianMountainTrail,Slovenia

It'snosurprisethattheSloveniaMountainTrailhasbeesopopular.Thisattractivetrailcoveringsome616

kilometersrunsfromMariborinthecountry'snortheast,allthewaytoAnkaran.Andwhiledoingitalltogether

over28daysmightseemextreme,itcanbebrokenintosmallerregions.Therearepathsthroughtheancient

forestsandwetlandsofthePohorjeHillsoracrosstheJulianAlos.

7.Whichtrailcoverstheshortestdistance?

A.HyssnaTrail.B.KarhunkierrosTrail.

C.KingCharlesIIIEnglandCoastalPathD.SlovenianMountainTrail.

8.WhatcanbedonealongthetrailofFinland?

A.Goingonabustour.B.Hikingaroundthecoast.

C.AdmiringtheSamiculture.D.Exploringancientforests.

9.WhatdotheEnglandCoastalPathandtheSloveniaMountainTrailhaveinmon?

A.Theyshareasimilarlandscape.B.Theyarelocatedinthesamecountry.

C.Theycanbebrokenintosmallregions.D.Theyarefamousaswinterdestinations.

Passage4

（2025河北保定?高二開學(xué)考）ThispastyearI'vebeenwithtwolovedonesatthetimeoftheirpassing.

Thefirstpassing,lastSeptember,wasthatofmybelovedfatherinlawat91,afterhislengthybattlewith

Par<insonzsdisease.Morerecently,IwasintheroomwhenmydearfriendThomasSteinbeckpassedawayatthe

ageof72afteralongbattlewithCOPD（慢阻肺）.

ThereweremomentswhenIwantedtothankthemforallthey'ddonefortheirlovedones,aswellas

huriidnilyallarge,butthereweredbolirntfsduringIheirrnurelucidniornenlswhenIlungedLuhaveLhernanswer

somedeepphilosophicalquestions.Iheybothknewtheyweredying,andbecauseoftheirgenerousspirits,they

wouldhavetoldmeanythingIwantedtoknow.

Infact,Thomtoldmeafewweeksbeforehispassingthathedidn/thavemuchtimeleft.WhileIknewhe

wasstrugglingwithhisbreathing,Iwasindenial.ItoldhimthathedsurvivedtheVietnamWarandanumberof

healthchallenges,andwouldsurvivethissetbackaswell.Lookingback,Ithinkhewasgivingmeanopeningto

talktohimasifheweredying.

Thedeathofthesetwolovedoneshastaughtmealot.Ittaughtmetobeevenmoremindfulinthefuture,

andcarefully“l(fā)istentothemessages**thedyingarcconveyingtome.HadIdoneso,Imighthavehadafinal

confirmationofwhatImeanttothesemen,althoughinsomewaysIalreadyknewbecausetheywerethetypeof

individualswhowerealwaysopenandstraightforwardwithrespecttowhattheybelievedin.Knowinghearingis

thefinalsensetogo,Ididtakethechancetotellthemhowmuchtheymeanttome,andhowmuchIlovedthem,

andforthatIamgrateful.

10.Whatdotheauthor'stwolovedoneshaveinmon?

A.Theyweretheauthor'sfamilymembers.

B.Theysufferedfromlongtermillnesses.

C.Theylosttheirlivesinthesameyear.

D.Theywereextremelyafraidofdeath.

11.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordmeaninparagraph2?

A.Abletothinkclearly.B.Eagertowalkaround.

C.Willingtohelpothers.D.Bravetofacethefuture.

12.WhydidThomtelltheauthorhewasdying?

A.Hecouldnolongeraepanytheauthor.

B.Hedesiredtomakehisbreathingsmooth.

C.Hewasingreatneedoftheauthor'scare.

D.Hewantedtohaveachatwiththeauthor.

13.Whatdiddeathteachtheauthoraboutliving?

A.Deathisatimeforloveandforgiveness.

B.Thosewhoaredyingareeagertoshare.

C.Hearingisthefinalsensetodisappear.

D.Itisvitaltosaywhatesnaturally.

Passage5

（2025河北張家口?高二開學(xué)考）p.m.evening,TomPetersondecidedtogoonahikeinthemountainsnear

hishome.Hetoldhisfamilyhe'dbebackbynightfall,sowhenhedidn'treturnasexpected,theybecame

concerned.Ataround8p.m.,theytriedtoreachhimonhiscellphonebutreceivednoresponse.Tom'sbrother,

Jack,decidedtoheadtothetrail（小徑）andlookforhim.

WhenJackarrived,hefoundTom'sbackpackonthesideofthetrail,buttherewasnosignofTomhimself.

Iomzsfamilybecameevenmoreanxious.Hismotherkeptpicturinghimlostandalone,wonderingifhewascold,

scared,oreveninjured.Shefelthelpless,knowingshecouldn'tprotectherson.Hisfather,ontheotherhand,

struggledtoremaincalm,reassuringhiswifewhilesilentlyfearingtheworst.

Asmidnightapproached,Tom'sfamilydecideditwastimetocallforprofessionalhelp.Thesearchteam

arrivedswiftly,equippedwithflashlightsandheatsensitivecameras,andbeganbingthetrail.Tom,downthehill

withaninjuredankle,layinthedark,battlingwavesofdoubt.Asthecoldnightdeepened,hequestionedif

anyonewouldfindhim,feelingsmallanddefencelessagainstthevastwilderness.Heturnedhisflashlightonand

off,hopingsomeonewouldnoticetheweaklight,holdingontothelastbitofhopehehad.

Finally,theteamspottedhimaboutamilefromthemainpath.Seeingtherescuersapproach,Tom'srelief

washedoverhim,andhisworriesmeltedaway.Hisfamilywasoverjoyedwhentheysawhim,theirworstfears

replacedbydeepthankfulnessandnewfoundappreciationforeachother.

Later,whenaskedabouthowhemadeitthroughthelong,darkhoursalone,Tomsharedthatitwasthe

thoughtofhisfamilythatkepthimgoing.Forhim,holdingontothehopeofreunitingwiththemwashisonly

choiceinthevast,lonelywilderness.

14.WhywereTom'sfamilyworriedinitially?

A.Tomfailedtoreturnhomeasplanned.

B.Tom'sphonewasswitchedoffallevening.

C.Tomlefthisbackpackonthetrailintentionally.

D.Tomwasunpreparedforhishikeinthemountains.

15.HowdidTomzsmotheremotionallyreacttotheincidentinparagraph2?

A.Shedoubtedthesearchteam'sabilities.

B.SheblamedTornforbeing^responsible.

C.Sheremainedcalmandsupportedherfamily.

D.ShefeltfrustratedaboutherinabilitytohelpTom.

16.WhatallowedtherescuerstolocateTom?

A.Histracksledthemtohislocation.B.Hesignaledthenwithhisflashlight.

C.Heusedspecialcamerastospotthem.D.Heshoutedforhelpuntiltheyheardhim.

17.WhathelpedTomsurvivethenightinthewilderness?

A.Hisrichhikingexperience.B.Thewarmclotheshewore.

C.Hisstrongphysicalstrength.D.Thebeliefofseeinghislovedonesagain.

Passage6

（2025江蘇南京?高二開學(xué)考）JohnHarperhadalwaysbeenafanofpainting.Heusedtoadmirethe

artworksatgalleriesandexhibitions,oftenstandinginawebeforethepiecesthatseemedtospeakdirectlytohis

soul.At58,hedecideditwastimetopickupthebrushhimself.Hisfirstattemptatanopenartexhibitionin

downtownNewYorklefthimoverwhelmed—thevibrancy,thediversity,andthesheertalentondisplaywerelike

nothinghehadeverimagined.z/ltfeltliberating.Ithought,"ThisiswhatIwanttodofortherestofmylife/**John

said.Paintinghassincegivenhimanewidentityandpurpose.

Allhislife,Johnhadworkedasanaccountant,numbersbeinghisdailypanionsratherthancolorsand

canvases.Earlyon,helostbothparentsinatragicaccidentwhenhewastwenty,whichledhimtoseekfortinthe

structuredworldoffinance.Foryears,hisartisticsideremaineddormant,onlyingaliveinsecretsketchesand

doodlesduringbreaksfromwork.

Afterretiring,Johnrediscoveredhisloveforart.Heenrolledinclasses,joinedlocalartistgrouos,andbegan

toshowcasehiswork.'ArtallowsmetoexpressmyselfinwaysInevercouldwithnumbers/heexplains.Through

painting,hefoundawaytohealoldwoundsandgiveformtohisemotions.

''Expressingyourselfthroughcolorsandshapesisnotjustaboutcreatingsomethingbeautiful;it'salso

abcutconnectingwithyourinnerself/'hesays.

Doeshestillfeeldisconnectedfromothers?"I'veetoseemyuniquenessasastrength.Icelebratethefact

thatIdon'tfitintoatypicalmold.Ittookmethislongtofindmytruecalling!”heexclaims.MButnow.IknowwhoI

am,andI'mproudofit.Iwouldn'ttradeplaceswithanyone."

18.HowdidJohnfeelabouthisfirstexperienceatanartexhibition?

A.Intimidated.

B.Indifferent.

C.Inspired.

D.Confused.

19.WhatcausedJohntoinitiallysuppresshisartisticinterests?

A.Hislackofnaturaltalentinart.

B.Theinfluenceofhisaccountingjob.

C.Thelossofhisparents.

D.Hisfearoffailure.

20.HowdoespaintingbenefitJohn?

A.Itimproveshisfinancialstatus.

B.Ithelpshimconnectwithhisinnerself.

C.Itmakeshimmoreefficientathisjob.

D.Itincreaseshispopularityamongpeers.

21.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.JohnHarper'sFirstExhibition

B.JohnHarper'sArtisticAwakeningafterRetirement

C.JohnHarper'sStrugglewithAccounting

D.JohnHarper'sImpactonModernArt

（2025江蘇鹽城?高二開學(xué)考）Ididmyfirstmarathonat25.I'dtakenuprunningtogetfitandthoughtI'd

giveitatry.However,Istartedtoofast,founditverypainfulandstruggledtofinish.Then,sevenyearsago,whenI

was43,IwenttotalkwithsomeonewhohadjustdonetheSaharaDesertrace.IfeltsoinspiredandpromisedI

wouldrunit,too.

Ayearlater,Ipleted24hourultramarathonintheNamibiandesert,IwonderedwhatonearthIcoulddo

next.Myfather;aformersoldier;hadjustdiedofcancerandIwantedtogatherfund（資金）forasoldierscharity

inhismemory.Thereare66citiesintheUKsoIcameupwithachallenge—a50kmmarathonineachcity,no

restdaysinbetween.Onthefirstday,Iranforaroundsixtosevenhours,eatingalongthewaytogetmoreenergy.

Ondaytwo,ItoremyrightAchillestendon（跟腱）.Islowedmypaceandthoughtaboutthesoldiers'charityIwas

doingtherunfor.Itwasnothingparedwithsomeoftheirinjuries.

Then,onday26,itgotworse.Icouldn'tbeareventhelighttouchofanicecube.Ihadtowalkthroughthe

day,whichtookalmost11hours.IkepttellingmyselfIcouldn'tfail.IfIquit,thepainwouldhavestopped,butI

knewIwouldregretitfortherestofmylife.OnMay20Ifinished,fourdaysaftermy50thbirthday.

It'sbeenalongprogressionfrombeinganunfitslacker（f賴散的人）towhereIamnow.Ihaveabetterbody

nowthanatanypointinmylife.Anyonecandothis,I'mnotasuperhuman.Kmjustdetermined,andIhavethe

nextthingplannedalready.

22.Howwastheauthor'sfirstmarathon?

A.Hedidrflfinibhil.B.Hedidrflduilwell.

C.Hegothurthalfway.D.Hefellinlovewithit.

23.Whatwasthewriter'spurposeofrunningmarathonsintheUK?

A.Toraisemoneyforacharity.B.Tocreateanewworldrecord.

C.Toprepareforamarathonrace.D.Topushhimselftoreachthegoal.

24.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisthemostimportantqualityhehas?

A.Kindness.B.Curiosity.C.Bravery.D.Determination.

25.Whatcanbethebesttitlefortnetext?

A.NeverStopRunningB.RunningMakesSuccess

C.BeingPreparedforRunningD.RunningforaBetterFuture

Passage8

（2025浙江?高二開學(xué)考）InTheSocietyoftheSpectacle（1967,《景觀社會》），F(xiàn)renchphlosopherGuy

Debordunveiledaradicalcritiqueofmoderncapitalism,arguingthatsocialrelationshadbeenreplacedby

mediatedimages—aphenomenonhetermed“thespectacle/*ThisconceptbuildsonMarx'scritiqueofmodity

fetishismbutshiftsfocusfrommaterialproductiontoculturalconsumption.

Debordpositsthatthespectacleis“asocialrelationshipmediatedbyimages”,wherepassiveconsumption

ofmedia,advertising,andentertainmentobscuresrealhumaninteractions.UnlikeMarx'seraoftangiblemodity

domination,today'scapitalismoperatesthroughthreespectacleforms:concentrated（authoritarianregimes

manipulatingheroicimagery）,diffuse（consumeristsocietiesrricskingcontrolbehindillusorychoices）,and

integrated（ahybridsystembiningtechnology,statepower;andperpetualpresentism）.

Centraltohisthesisistheideaofseparation:workersarealienated（異化）notonlyfromtheirlaborbutalso

fromleisure,asnonworkinghoursbeecolonizedbyspectaclesliketelevisionandsocialmedia.Thiscreates“l(fā)onely

crowdsz,whomistakecuratedimagesforauthenticexperiences.卜orinstance,advertisingtransformsdiamonds

intosymbolsoflove,fabricatingdesiresdetachedfrommaterialneeds.

Debord/sanalysisextendstotimeandspace.Hecritiquesz/p$eudocyclicaltimewwheremediacycleserase

historicalconsciousness,andurbanplanningisolatesindividualsin“psychogeographical”（心理地理學(xué)）traps.His

solution—"situations“createdthroughrevolutionaryart——aimstoshatterspectacleinducedpassivity.

Whilecriticizedfortechnologicaldeterminism,Debord'sworkremainsvitalinanalyzingdigitalera

phenomenalikeinfluencercultureandalgorithmdriveninformationcocoons”.Ashewarned:Z/Thespectacleis

thesunthatneversetsovertheempireofmodernpassivity//

26.AccordingtoDebord,whatfundamentallycharacterizesthespectaclesociety?

A.Theriseofartificialintelligenceinlabormarkets.

B.Socialrelationshipsreplacedbyimagebasedmediation.

C.Governmentcensorshipofhistoricalnarratives.

D.Environmentaldegradationcausedbyconsumerism.

27.WhichofthefollowingisNOTaformofspectacleidentifiedbyDebord?

A.Integratedscenebiningtechnologyandstatepower.

B.Diffusespectaclepromotingillusoryconsumerfreedom.

C.Revolutionaryspectacleadvocatingproletarianuprising.

D.Concentratedscenerycenteredonauthoritarianimagery.

28.Whatdoestheauthormeanbymentioning“diamondsassymbolsoflove"?

A.Describetheeconomicvalueofluxurygoods.

B.Illustratespectacle/screationofartificialdesires.

C.Presentromanticidealsincapitalistsocieties.

D.Uncoverenvironmentalimpactsofminingindustries.

29.Whichtitlebestcapturesthearticle'scriticalperspectiveonDebord'stheory?

A.TheSpectacleSociety:WhenImageDominatesReality.

B.ImperialImage:AModernAlienationBeyondDebord.

C.FromFactoriestoScreens:TheEvolutionofLaborExploitation.

D.ArtVersusAlgorithms:ReshapingCulturalConsumption.

Passage9

（2025安徽?高二開學(xué)考）FromBeijing,morethan400kilometersaway,allthewayupnorth,the

temperaturegraduallydrops.Withtheemergenceoffirepreventionwarnings,Saihanba（塞罕壩j,knownasa

“miracleonearth”,beginstoeintoview.InOctober,thecoldwindblowingfromSiberiahasdyed（染色）Saihanba

golden.

InMongolian,Saihanbameansbeautifulhighmountains.However,S