湖南理工學院外語學院郭建民2011年2月Welcometoourclass!AdvancedEnglish

BookTwoLessonOneFacetoFacewithHurricaneCamilleJosephP.BlankAbouttheauthor:JosephP.Blank(約瑟夫P.布蘭克)(Note1)Aboutthetitle:Allheadingsandtitlesaregenerallysuccinctandparticularcareisgiventothechoiceofthewordstoattracttheattentionofwould-bereaders.Facetoface:thephraseinthiscontextmeans“confrontingoneanother.”anditconnotesasenseofurgencyanddanger.Theconfrontationisgenerallywithsomethingdangerous,difficultorhardtoresolve,e.g.facetofacewiththeenemy\thetiger\theproblemHurricaneAtropicalstorminwhichwindsattainspeedsgreaterthan75miles(121kilometers)perhour.ThetermisoftenrestrictedtothosestormsoccurringovertheNorthAtlanticOcean.IncipienthurricanesusuallyformoverthetropicalNAtlanticOceanandmatureastheydriftwestward.HurricanesalsooccasionallyformoffthewestcoastofMexicoandmovenortheastwardfromthatarea.

..\美國地圖.EXESimilarstormsoccurringovertheWestPacificOceanandChinaSeasarecalledtyphoonsandthoseovertheIndianOceanarecalledtropicalcyclones.Hurricanearegivengirls’namesandtyphoonsaregivenserialnumbers.TheNationalWeatherServiceoftheUnitedStateshasusedgirls’namestoidentifyhurricanesintheAtlantic,Caribbean,andGulfofMexicosince1953andthenamesweregiveninalphabeticalordersuchasHurricaneAlice,Hurricane

Betsy,HurricaneCamille.Thispracticeofgivinggirls’namestohurricane

changed

recently.In1980ahurricanewasgivenaman’snameandwascalledHurricaneDavid.Hurricaneseasonbegins

June1andendsNov.30.HurricaneCamille:ThestormlashedMississippiandLouisiananfortwodays,Aug.17-18,1969.thedeathtollwas258.HurricaneBetsy:ThestormlashedFlorida,MississippiandLouisiananin1965fromSept.7-10,causingthedeathof74persons.In2005,AmericasufferedalotfromHurricaneCatrina.Lastyear,AmericasufferedalotfromHurricaneCatalina,HurricaneAndrewandHurricane

Isabelle.

PicturesofhurricanelookeddownfromaplaneThesceneofthedevastatinghurricaneAboutthetext:Whatisthetypeofthewriting?Apieceof

narrationWhat’sthestoryabout?ItdescribestheheroicstruggleoftheKoshaksandtheirfriendsagainsttheforcesofadevastatinghurricane.Thestoryfocusesmainlyonactionbutthewriteralsoclearlyandsympatheticallydelineatesthecharactersinthestory.Whoistheprotagonist

\theherointhestory?JohnKoshak,Jr.Whoistheantagonist

ortheenemyinthestory?TheHurricaneWhatistheorganizationalpatternofthispieceofnarration?Itisorganizedasfollows:introduction,development,climax,andconclusion.Howwouldyouclassifythefirstsixparagraphs?Thefirst6paragraphsservesasPartOne,whichareintroductoryparagraphs,givingthetime,placeandbackgroundoftheconflict–manverseshurricanes.Theseparagraphsalsointroducethecharactersinthestory.Howdosethewriterbuildupandsustainthesuspenseinthestory?BydescribingindetailandvividlytheincidentsshowinghowtheKoshaksandtheirfriendsstruggledagainsteachonslaughtofthehurricane.Howdoesthewritergiveorderandlogicalmovementtothesequenceofhappenings?Bydescribingaseriesofactionsintheorderoftheiroccurrence.Atwhatpointinthestorydoestheactionreachitshighestpoint?Thisnaturaltimesequenceorchorologicalorderholdsthestorytogether.ThestoryreachesitsclimaxinParagraph27andfromthereonthestorymovesrapidlytoitsconclusion.Part2(Para.7-27)

Mainidea:detaileddescriptionofthedevastatingeffectofthehurricaneandtheheroicstruggleoftheKoshakfamilyforsurvivalPart3(Paras.28-39)

Mainidea:descriptionoftherescueoperationbythegovernmentandnongovernmentalorganizations,andtherebuildingofthedisaster-strickenareasaswellastheKoshakfamily.Yes,itis.BecausethewriterstateshisthemeorthepurposebehindthestoryinthereflectionofGrandmotherKoshak:“Welostpracticallyallourpossessions,but…”Manwilltriumphovernature.Mancanconquernature.Isthelastparagraphimportant?Why?

DetailedstudyofthetextDoesParagraph1haveatopicsentenceoracentralidea?Howistheparagraphdeveloped?Whatisthefunctionofthelastsentence?Yes.Thetopicsentenceis“JohnKoshak,Jr.,knewthatHurricaneCamillewouldbebad.”ThisideaisdevelopedorsupportedbyfactsorreasonsshowinghowJohnKoshak,Jr.,knewthatHurricaneCamillewouldbebad.Thelastsentenceintroducessomeothercharactersinthestoryandservesastransitiontothenextimportantpointinthestory–WhyJohnKoshak,Jr.,decidednottoabandonhishome.ComprehensionquestionsforPara.1-6

Canyoutellthegeographicallocationofthecoastalstatesmentionedinthepassage?DidJohnKoshak,Jr.knewthatahurricanewasimminent?How?WhatkindofbusinesswasJohnKoshakengagedin?DidJohnandhisfamilyeverexperiencetheattackofhurricanesbefore?WhydidJohndecideagainstleavinghishome?Howwouldyoudescribethepreparationofthefamilyforthecomingstorm?

Whatisthemainideaofthefirst6paragraphs?

WhereandwhendidHurricaneCamilletakeplace?WhatdoyouknowaboutLasVegas?LasVegascityistheseat(centre)ofClarkCountyinSouthNevada.In1970ithadapopulationof125,787people.Revenue(income)fromhotels,gambling,entertainmentandothertourist-orientedindustriesformsthebackboneofLasVegas’seconomy.Itsnightclubsandcasinos(publicroomsorbuildingsformusic,dancing)areworldfamous.Thecityisalsothecommercialhub

(center)ofaranching

(bigfarms)andminingarea.Inthe19thcenturyLasVegaswasawateringplacefortravelerstoSouthCalifornia.In1855-57theMormons摩門教教友maintainedafortthere,andin1864FortBakerwasbuiltbytheU.S.army.In1867,LasVegaswasdetachedfromtheArizona亞利桑那

territoryandjoinedtoNevada.內(nèi)華達SomeusefulwordsandexpressionsinPara.1--6JohnKoshak,Jr.:Jr.istheabbreviationofJunior.ThetermisgenerallyusedintheUnitedStatesandisputafterthenameofasontoindicatehehasthesamefirstnameashisfather.Theterm“Sr.”(Senior)issometimesputafterthenameofthefather.Thisisdoneonlywithmen’snames.Ifthenamecontinuesintothethirdgeneration,Romannumerals(Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,etc.)areused.Thishappensnamelyamongbig,rich,upperclassfamilies.E.g.JohnRockefellerⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ.Lashed:aspecialverb,meaningtostrikewithgreatforce;movequicklyorviolently;Therainwaslashing

thewindows.Waves

lashedthecliffs.Pummel:

vt.tobeatorhitwithrepeatedblows,esp.withthefist.Hewas

pummeleduntilunconscious.Givesb.agoodpummelingThecourse

oflifefromthecradletothegraveThecourseofevents.Inthecourseof:during

incourseof:inprocessofWhatdoes“MagnaProducts”standfor?ItstandsforthenameofthefirmownedandrunbyJohnKoshak.Itdesignedanddevelopededucationaltoysandsupplies.Engineeringdrawings:diagramsandsketchesformachinesArtwork:designs,models,picturesforthevarioustoys.Firstfloor:inU.S.,thegroundfloor;inEuropeandGreatBritain,thefloorabovethisWhydidJohnKoshakdecidetostayandfacethedangersofadevastatinghurricane?

Becausehedidn’tthinkhisfamilywasinanyrealdanger.Hisformerhousehadbeen

demolishedbyHurricaneBetsy，

foritonlystoodafewfeetabovesealevel.Hispresenthousewas23feetabovesealeveland250yardsawayfromthesea.Hethoughttheywouldbesafehereasinanyplaceelse.Besides,hehadtalkedthematteroverwithhisfatherandmotherandconsulted

hislongtimefriend,CharlesHill,beforemakinghisdecisiontostayandfacethehurricane.Agood:ageneralintensive,meaning“atleast”,“full”Wewaitedagoodsixhours.Heateagoodhalfoftheduck.It’sagoodthreemilestothestation.Wecanbattendownandrideitout:ametaphor,comparingthehouseinahurricanetoashipfightingastormatsea.Wecanmakethenecessarypreparationsandsurvivethehurricanewithoutmuchdamage.Methodically：inasystematicandorderlymannerMain:aprinciplepipe,conduit,orlineinadistributingsystemforwater,gas,electricity,etc.Powerfailure:abreakdowninthesupplyofelectricityCheckout:toexamine(thebatteriesandfuel)andseeiftheywereallrightGenerator:adynamo;asmallmachineforproducingelectricityScudded:runormoveswiftly;glideorskinalongeasily.Mainidea:detaileddescriptionofthedevastatingeffectofthehurricaneandtheheroicstruggleoftheKoshakfamilyforsurvivalLanguagepointsthatfollowPart2(Para.7-27)PartTwo:LanguagepointsMattresses:n.acasingofstrongclothorotherfabricfilledwithcotton,hair,foamrubber,etc.Pane:n.asingledivisionofawindow,etc,consistingofasheetofglassinaframe;suchasheetofglassMountedtoaroar:thesoundofthewindgetslouderastheforceofthewindincrease.Theroaringsoundindicatesthewindhasreachedhurricanestrength.Whataretheutensils?Theutensilsrefertothemops,towels,potsandbuckets,basins,pails,bowls,etc..Whatwasthefirststruggleagainstthehurricane?Overwhelm:v.weighdown;submerge;covercompletelybyflowingorpouringdownon;crushBlewin:burstopenbythestormLoudexplosivenoiseslikegunbeingfired.Disintegrated:separatedintopartsorfragments;breakupFrenchdoorsTwoadjoiningdoorsthathaveglasspanesfromtoptobottomandtheopeninthemiddle.Shove:v.push(colloq.)shoveln.spade-liketoolDouse:v.plungeorthrowsuddenlyintoliquid;drench;pourliquidoverWhydidCharliethinktheywereinrealtroublewhenhefoundthewatertastedsalty?Becausesaltywaterwasseawater.Itshowedtheseahadreachedthehouseandtheywereinrealtroublefortheymightbewashedintotheseabythetidalwavealthoughtheywere23feetabovesealeveland250yardsfromthesea.Whatdotheellipticalsentencesusedhereshow?Theurgencyofthemomentandthesenseofthedanger.Scramble(back):v.climb,crawlorclamberhurriedlyKittens:smalloryoungcats;cf.kitchenLitter:theyoungborneatonetimebyadog,cat,orotheranimal,whichnormallybearsseveralyoungatadelivery.cf.letterOnthelanding:stairsplatform.Peer:v.look(at,intosth.)closely,asifunabletoseewell;n.noblemanCf.peep:v.takealookat;lookslylyorcautiouslyShudderedandshifted:shakeortremblesuddenlyandviolently,asinhorrororextremedisgust(alliteration)Waterincheditswayupthesteps:waterroseonthestepsofthestaircaseinchbyinch.(gradually)Collapse:v.falldownorin;comeorbreakintopiecesMoreorless:tosomeextent;rathere.g.Wehopeourexplanationwillprovemoreorlesshelpful.Mostpeoplearemoreorlessselfish.Sheismoreorlesscrazy.Onthevergeofpanic:veryclosetofear;bringsb.tothevergeoffearShewasonthevergeofburstingintotears.Thecountrywasonthevergeofdisaster.Heisonthevergeof90.Don’tpanic!Thereisnodanger!Withoutwardcalm:toappearcalm(buttobeworriedinone’smind)Beboundtodosth.:becertaintodoWhydidoldKoshak’svoicelackitsusualgruffness?Becausetheoldcoupletenderlyexpresstheirmutualloveinthiscriticalsituation.Thelackofgruffnessshowstheoldman’ssincerityandsolemnfeeling.WhydidJohnfeelacrushingguilt?Becauseheblamedhimselfforendangeringthewholefamilybydecidingnottofleeinland.HehadunderestimatedtheferocityofCamille.

Whyis“You”incapitalletterhere?Thecapital“Y”inyou

showsthatthewordswereaddressedtoGod.“willyou”isaroughformofrequest,hereitindicatesarequestmadeoutofdesperation.OhGod,pleasehelpustogetthroughthisstormsafely.Thismess:thisstateoftroubleordifficulty;herereferstothehurricane.Whatamess!Inonemightyswipe:inabig,hard,sweepingblowSkim:tothrowsoastocausetobounceswiftlyandlightlyThehurricaneactsasaverystrongpersonliftingsomethingheavyandthrowingitthroughtheair.Whatisthefigureofspeechusedhere?personification.Maroonedgroup:agroupofpeoplewhowerehelplessandisolatedbythestorm.What’sthefunctionofPara.19and20?or

Whydidn’tthewritergoondescribinghowtheKoshakfightagainstthestorm?Para.19and20areinsertingparagraphswhichtellusthegeneraldescriptionofthehurricane.ThewriterjustwantstoshowusthatHurricaneCamillewasreallybad,anditwasgradedthegreatestrecordedstormevertohitapopulatedareaintheWesternHemisphere.TheKoshakwereinrealtrouble.Note:thewriterusedthewordswiththeletter“d”and“s”,suchas“devastated”,“demolished”,“severelydamaged”,“shotout”;“seized”,“swath”,“smashed”,andtheexactfiguresandexamplestoshowthedestructiveforceandpowerofthehurricane.m.p.h.standsformilesperhour.

m.p.g.:milespergallon

r.p.m.:revolutionsperminute

g.p.m.:gallonsperminute

f.p.s.:feetpersecondswath:thespacecoveredwithonecutofascythe;alongstriportrackofanykindItseizeda…;(personification)thehurricaneactingasaverystrongpersonliftingsth.veryheavyanddumpingit3?milesaway.Crackedlikeguns:simile,thesoundofthesnappingpolescomparedtothefiringofgunsLuxurious:/l^g’zju?ri?s/Luxury:n./‘l^k∫?ri/Spectacular:

transferredepithet,modifyingthe“storm”andnot“vantagepoint”,meaningimpressivetoseeandstrikinglyunusualVantagepoint:apositionthatallowsaclearandbroadviewInaslashingrain:inasevere\merciless\violentrainImplore:v.askorbegearnestly;WhydidGrandmotherKoshakaskthemtosing?Becauseshewantedthemtoberelaxedandshewantedtoencouragethemtobebrave.Don’tbeafraidofthehurricane.Bars:n.verticallinesacrossastaff,dividingitintomeasuresTrailaway:togrowgraduallyweaker;dimmerDebris:n.(pl.)rough,brokenpiecesofstone,wood,glassetc.asafterdestructionSanctuary:n.aplaceofrefugeorprotection;asylumWhatdidJanisunderstandwhenherhusbandputhisarmaroundhiswife?Janisunderstoodwhyherhusbandputhisarmaroundher.Atthiscriticalmomentwhenalltheirliveswereindanger,Johnputhisarmaroundhertoencourageherandcomforther.Note:Thewriterisveryskillfulintellingthestory.Sometimeshetellsthedangersofthehurricane;sometimeshetellstheresponsibilityofthepersons.Wewon’tletitwin:wewon’tletthehurricanedefeatus.Thesewerewordsof

self-encouragement

acedarchest:aboxmadeofcedarwoodIttoppledonhim:Thewalldisintegratedandbricksandplastersfellonhim.Theworldseemedtobebreakingapart:Thisisahyperbole.Note:fromPara.24theclimaxisbeginning.Thewindtoreoutonewallandextinguishedthelantern.Asecondwallmoved,wavered;CharlieHillwasinjured;thehouse,shudderingandrocking,hadmoved25feetfromitsfoundations.Makeitalean-toagainstthewind:putupthemattressasaprotectionagainstthewind.Alean-to:n.ashedorothersmalloutbuildingwithaslopingroof,theupperendofwhichrestsagainstthewallofanotherbuilding.Themattresswassetupslanting,thebottomrestingperhapsonthedoor-sillandthetoppartslantinginwardssothattheadultscouldpropitupwiththeirheadsandshoulders,whilethekidscouldsitunderit.Ifthefloordisintegrates,let’sputthechildrenonthiswoodendoor.Thewoodendoorwillhelptokeepthechildrenafloatinthewater.ThemainthrustofCamillehadpassed:thedirectandforcefulattackofthehurricanehadpassed.Note:aftertheclimax,thewriterusesthewords“

diminished”,“stoppedrising”,“receding”,“hadpassed”toshowthestormisgoingdowntotheend.Impact&damage1.downpourofrain,windincreasing,houseleaking2.Powerfailure3.Fallofceiling,breakingofFrenchdoors&frontdoor4.Generatordoused,seawaterreachingthehouse5.Windtoostrong,watertoodeeptoflee6.Houseshaking,waterrising,1stfloorwallcollapsingCountermeasures1.fightingagainstthespreadingwaterwithutensils2.Turningonthegenerator3.John&Charlietryingtosupportitwithshoulders4.Outtothecars5.Backtothehouse6.Charliecomfortingtheneighbor,grandparentsexpressingmutuallove,JohnfeelingguiltyDetaileddescriptionofhowtheKoshakfamilystruggledagainstthestorm(1)

DetaileddescriptionofhowtheKoshakfamilystruggledagainstthestorm(2)7.Roofblownoff,bottomstepsbreakingapart,onewallcrumbling8.Living-roomfireplace&chimneycollapsing,twowallsinthebedroombreakingapart9.Windtearingoutonewallandputtingoutthelantern,2ndwallmoving,houserocking7.Upstairsintothebedroom,grandmatryingtoencouragechildrenbysinging8.IntoTVroom,Johnencouragingwife,grandpaangryatnotbeinghelpful,bringingchest&mattresstoTVroom9.Charlietryingtosupportthewall,puttingupmattressasalean-toDetaileddescriptionofhowtheKoshakfamilystruggledagainstthestorm(3)10.thefloortilted.Kittensvanished;Spookydisappeared;3rdwallgivingway,waterlappingacrosstheslantingfloor11.Climaxreached.10.Johngrabbingadoorforputtingthekidson11.Aftertheclimax,winddiminished;waterstoppedrising;beganreceding;thestormhadcometotheend.TheKoshaksandtheirfriendssurvived.Mainidea:

descriptionoftherescueoperationbythegovernmentandnongovernmentalorganizations,andtherebuildingofthedisaster-strickenareasaswellastheKoshakfamily.Part3(Paras.28-39)Part3:Comprehensivequestions

Whydidnoneofthereturneesmovedquicklyorspokeloudly?Orhowdidtheyfeelwhentheysawtheshatteringscenes?

Theywereshockedbytheterriblescenesoftheextensivedamageanddestructionwhichtheysawallroundthem.Whatdothesetwoquestionsreveal?Thesequestions,whichtheyaskedthemselvesandeachother,revealedtheirhelplessnessanddesperateplight.Part3:WordsandExpressionsFestoon:awreathorgarlandofflowers,leaves,paper,etc.hanginginalooporcurve;(metaphor)Bitsofclothingwerehangingonthetreesasifdecoratingthemwithfestoon.Blackspaghetti:Italiannoodles,generallywhitebutcalledblackherebecauseoftheblackcolorofthepowerlines.(simile)blowndownpowerlinescomparedtoblackspaghettiReturnees:apersonwhoreturns,ashomefrommilitaryserviceortoschoolafterdroppingout.Howwastherehabilitationworkcarriedout?NationalGuard:intheU.S.theorganizedmilitiaforcesoftheindividualstates,acomponentoftheArmyoftheU.S.whencalledintoactiveFederalserviceCivildefense:asystemofwarningdevices,falloutsheltersvolunteerworkers,etc.organizedasadefenseofthepopulationagainstenemyactionsintimeofwar.TheprincipalU.S.civildefenseagencywasestablishedin1950andin1961civildefensefunctionsweretransferredtotheDefenseDepartment.Communicationscenters:placesthatprovidedpostal,telegraphandtelephoneservicesReliefworkwasalsostartedveryquicklybytheSalvationArmyandtheRedCross.Indonations:sth.given;contributingStreamedinbyplane…:(metaphor)werequicklytransportedtothestrickenareasandeverymeansoftransportationwereused.Thefederalgovernmentalsoquicklysuppliedfood,mobilehomes,classroomsandloanstothestrickenareas.Rakeditsway:metaphor.toattackanddevastateasitmovedalongrampagingfloods:violent,ragingfloodsmountainslides:thefallofamassofrock,snow,earth,etc.downamountainslope;avalanche山崩，雪崩anavalancheofwords(letters,questions)breakingupovertheAtlanticOcean:thestormcloudsfinallydispersing(scattering)asthehurricanereachedtheAtlanticOcean.That’stheendofHurricaneCamille,orcalledaconclusion\denouement/di’nu:ma:?/HowdidtheKoshaksreorganizetheirlives?HepitchedinwithSeabees:HesettoworkenergeticallywiththeSeabees.Seabees:membersoftheconstructionbattalionsoftheCivilEngineerCorpsoftheUnitedStatesNavy,thatbuildharborfacilities,airfields,etc.SeabeesstandsforCB,shortforConstructionBattalion海軍工程大隊成員Janishadjustonedelayedreaction:Janis

displayedratherlatetheexhaustionbroughtaboutbythenervoustensioncausedbythehurricane.(Afewnightsafterthestorm,sheawokesuddenlyat2a.m.,wentoutsideandbegantocrysoftly.)Why?Pickingthroughthewreckageofthehome:pickingupthingsthatmightstillbeusefulfromthewreckedhome.Eachsalvageditem:everythingtheypickedupandthatcouldstillbeputtouseItcouldhavebeen…wrathofthestorm:goingthroughthewreckedhomepickingupthingscouldhaveadepressingeffect,butitdidn’t.Whentheypickedupsomeusefulthings,theyfeltasiftheyhadwonsomekindofavictoryoverthestorm.Wrath:n./r?:?/intenseanger;rage;furyTheGrapesofWrath(JohnSteinbeck)Asalvagecompany:

海難救援公司；沉船打撈公司Theblues:(AEcolloq.)shortforbluedevils;adepressed,unhappyfeeling;inlowspiritsTherainyspellisgivingmetheblues.Afflict:v.causepainorbodilyormentalsufferingto;e.g.Hewasafflictedwithrheumatism.Theyfeltmuchafflictedatthesadnews.Tohelppeopleinaffliction.Paraphrase:Butsometimesthegrown-uppeoplefeltabitunhappyanddepressed.Let’snotcomplainuselesslyaboutwhat’shappened.It’snousecryingoverthespelt-milk.(proverb)Reflect:v.thinkseriously;contemplateThefamilycamethroughit:survivedthestorm.What’sthefunctionofthelasttwosentences?Thelasttwosentencesareratherimportant,fortheyexpressthewriter’sthemeorpurpose–humanlivesareimportantandnotmaterialpossessions.Manwilltriumphovernature.\Mancanconquernature.TopicsfororalworkWhomdoyouadmiremostinthisstory?Why?Whathaveyoulearnedaboutpeopleandsociet