機密★啟用前

2024年下學(xué)期高二期末質(zhì)量檢測

英語

本試卷共8頁。全卷滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘。

注意事項：

1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準考證號填寫在本試卷和答題卡上。

2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)的答案標號涂黑，如有改動，用

橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案；回答非選擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在本試卷上無

效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。

聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

例：Howmuchistheshirt?

A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.

答案是C。

1.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodotomorrow?

A.Takethetext.B.Havethehiking.C.Visitthemuseum.

2.WhyisDavidlearningSpanish?

A.Topasstheexam.B.Toprepareforthetrip.C.Tomakeafriend.

3.Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?

A.Talktotheboss.B.Reducetheclass.C.Changeajob.

4.Howdoesthewomansound?

A.Excited.B.Surprised.C.Worried.

5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?

A.Abreakonweekends.B.Askillforkillingthetime.C.Aplanforpreparingthemeals.

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項

第1頁/共23頁

中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后,

各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.WhatisEmily5srecenttopicinherpainting?

A.Landscape.B.Sea.C.Garden.

7.WhatdoesTomprobablydo?

A.Ateacher.B.AGardener.C.Apainter.

聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。

8.WhatdidAnnedoovertheweekend?

A.Sheshotmanyphotos.B.Shetooksomeadventure.C.Sheattendedanartshow.

9.WhatdidTomdiscoverinthecamerahebought?

A.Anoldphoto.B.Anunknownnote.C.Anundevelopedfilm.

10.Wheredidtheshopownerbuythecamera?

A.Inacamerasale.B.Atanartfestival.C.Inasecondhandshop.

聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。

11.Whendidtheprogramstart?

A.4monthsago.B.6monthsago.C.10monthsago.

12.Whatdidtheprogramoffer?

A.Healthcourses.B.Sportsfacilities.C.Freemedicaltreatment.

13.Whatwasakeyresultoftheprogram?

A.Reducedcrimerates.B.Higherinelevels.C.Increasedmentalwellbeing.

聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。

14.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?

A.InChina.B.InItaly.C.IntheUS.

15.WheredidLauragettheideaforherbookstore?

A.Fromatrip.B.Fromherfriend.C.Fromanonlinestore.

16.Howdocustomersfeelaboutthebookstore'sconcept?

A.Confused.B.Unclear.C.Delighted.

17.Howoftenwillthearteventbeheld?

A.Everymonth.B.Everyweek.C.Everytwoweeks.

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聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。

18.Whatisthespeaker?

A.Aparentingexpert.B.Atidyingconsultant.C.Achildren'sbookauthor.

19.WhatsurprisedMarieKondo5sfollowers?

A.HervisittoChina.B.Herchangeinfocus.C.Hernewbookaboutchildren.

20.WhatisMarieKondo9semphasisinorganizingspaces?

A.Makinghappychoices.B.Havingaperfectspace.C.Acquiringmorecontainers.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

A

YouthSportsCoach

YouthSports&Fitnessisseekingvolunteercoachesforyouthsoccerleaguesandthetrack&fieldprogram.

DesiredQualifications

Basicknowledgeofsoccerandrunningisrequired.Applicantsmustberesponsible,trustworthy,andwilling

toputforthagoodeffort.Specificeducationalbackgroundsorpriorexperienceisnotamust.Andphysical

conditionshouldbesufficienttoengageinsoccerrelatedactivities,butexcellentathleticismisnotnecessary.

Application

Pleasedownload,pleteandsubmitthefollowingto.Ifyouhavequestions,

contactErinviaemailorphoneat4254524627.

★VolunteerApplication:pleaseincludethenameoftheleagueorprogramforwhichyouwouldliketo

volunteer.

★BackgroundChecks:pleaseincludethefollowinginformationinyourapplicationemailsowecanruna

backgroundcheckthroughEmployersChoiceScreening.（Yourfullname/Yourcellphonenumber/Youremail

address/Awaiverofliability（免責聲明））

PS:Iftheapplicantisunder18,aparentmustsignonyourwaiverofliability.

SelectionProcedures

★Applicationpaperworkisprocessed.

★Applicantsselectedwillbeinformedviaemailfollowingaclearedbackgroundcheck.

★Selectedapplicantswillreceiveonsitetraining.

第3頁/共23頁

1.WhatfeaturesofapplicantsdoesYouthSports&Fitnessfindvaluable?

A.Richcoachingexperience.B.Majoringinsports.

C.Astrongsenseofresponsibility.D.Excellentphysicalfitness.

2.Whatmustapplicantsprovideintheirapplication?

A.Thecontactinformation.B.Thecoachingcertification.

C.Aletterofremendation.D.Awaiverofliabilitysignedbyaparent.

3.Howcanapplicantslearnaboutthelatestapplicationresult?

A.Bycontactingtheclub.B.Bycheckingtheiremail.

C.Byphoningat4254524627.D.Byvisiting.

【答案】l.C2.A3.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了YouthSports&Fitness招募青年足球聯(lián)賽和田徑項目志愿者教練的

信息。

【1題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)DesiredQualifications部分中“Applicantsmustberesponsible,trustworthy,andwillingtoput

forthagoodeffort.（申請人必須有責任感、值得信賴，并且愿意付出努力）”可知，該組織看重申請人是否有

強烈的責任感。故選C項。

【2題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Application部分中“★BackgroundChecks:pleaseincludethefollowinginformationinyour

applicationemailsowecanrunabackgroundcheckthroughEmployersChoiceScreening.（Yourfullname/Your

cellphonenumber/Youremailaddress/Awaiverofliability（免責聲明））（★背景調(diào)查：請在申請郵件中包含以下

信息，以便我們通過雇主選擇篩選進行背景調(diào)查。（你的全名/你的號碼/你的電子郵件地址/免責聲明））”

可知，申請人必須提供聯(lián)系方式。故選A項。

【3題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)SelectionProcedures部分中“★Applicantsselectedwillbeinformedviaemailfollowinga

clearedbackgroundcheck.（★通過背景調(diào)查后，被選中的申請人將通過電子郵件得到通知）”可知，申請人可

以通過查看他們的電子郵件了解最新的申請結(jié)果。故選B項。

B

Nearlyadecadeago,ayounggirlinKerala,aruralareainIndia,wasfascinatedbytheworldofmotorsports.

Theexcitementofspeedandtheprecisionofcontrollightedadreamthatwouldsoonmakehistory.Thatgirl,Salva

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Maijan,transformedherfascinationintoalifelongambition.

Salva'sjourneyintotheworldofformularacingbeganwithFormulaLGB,apopularentrylevelracingseries.

HerdriveandmitmentquicklyqualifiedherfortheF4IndianChampionshipin2023,whereshemadeher

markwithanimpressiveperformance.Thatsameyear,shealsopetedintheF4UAEChampionship.

Recognizingtheneedforadvancedtrainingandgreateropportunities,SalvarecentlymovedtotheUnitedArab

Emirates.Here,sheisperfectingherskillsandworkinghardforhernextbigchallenge:theFormula1Academy.

Salva'spathtosuccesshasbeenanythingbutsmooth.ThehighcostsassociatedwithF4trainingposeda

significantbarrier.Whileherfamilyremainedsupportive,theyfacedcriticismfromothersintheirmunity.

Societalnormsresultedinpeoplegivingunwantedadviceonhowgirlsshouldactandavoidrisks.However,Salva5

sparentsneverhesitatetostandbyher."Theywerelecturedonhowtobringupgirlsandhowgirlsweresupposed

totakeupsuchrisksorbeindependent.Myparentsneverdifferentiatedbetweenusbasedonourgender.^^Salva

proudlysaid.

Inasporttraditionallydominatedbymen,Salvaisawareofthechallengeswomenface.Thephysical

demandsareindeedunbearable,withthetemperatureinsidearacingcaroftenclimbingto40℃.Thebraking（殺U車）

pressurecanrangefrom60to100kg.Shehasexperiencedcrashesanddisappointingperformancesinsomeraces.

Thereweremomentswhensheconsideredgivingup,butherpassionforracingalwayspulledherback.

Today,SalvaMaijanisthebrandambassador（大使）forNextLevelRacing,abrandthatpartiallysponsors

hertrainingexpenses.Salva'sultimategoalistorepresentIndiainFormula1,inspiringthenextgenerationof

womenracers.

4.WhatpushedSalvatosettleintheUAE?

A.Herhopeofqualificationforsportscars.

B.HerdesiretodowellintheFlAcademy.

C.HerexpectationofadvertisingFormulaLGB.

D.Herwishtowatchanimpressiveperformance.

5.WhatcanbeinferredaboutSalva'sparentsinParagraph3?

A.They5rebrave.B.They5rediscouraged.

C.They9reworried.D.They9rehesitant.

6.WhatlessoncanwelearnfromSalva'sstory?

A.Wellbegunishalfdone.B.Ifsnevertoolatetolearn.

C.Hewholaughslastlaughslongest.D.Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart.

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7.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.TheFutureofFormulaRacingAmongWomen

B.ThePowerofPassioninChallengingSportingEvents

C.FromKeralatoFormula1:SalvaMaijan'sInspiringJourney

D.FromDreamstoReality:SalvaMaijanintheF4Championship

【答案】4.B5.A6.D7.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章講的是印度喀拉拉邦的一個年輕女孩SalvaMarjan如何克服困難，追求賽

車夢想的故事。

【4題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的句子"Recognizingtheneedforadvancedtrainingandgreateropportunities,Salva

recentlymovedtotheUnitedArabEmirates.Here,sheisperfectingherskillsandworkinghardforhernextbig

challenge:theFormula1Academy.（認識到需要高級培訓(xùn)和更多機會，Salva最近搬到了阿拉伯聯(lián)合酋長國。

在這里，她正在完善自己的技能，并努力迎接下一個重大挑戰(zhàn)：一級方程式比賽。）”可知，Salva認識到需

要更高級的訓(xùn)練和更多的機會，要為下一個挑戰(zhàn)（一級方程式比賽）做準備，可得出Salva定居在阿聯(lián)酋是

為了在一級方程式比賽表現(xiàn)出色。故選B項。

【5題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的句子"Whileherfamilyremainedsupportive,theyfacedcriticismfromothersintheir

munity.Societalnormsresultedinpeoplegivingunwantedadviceonhowgirlsshouldactandavoidrisks.

However,Salva'sparentsneverhesitatetostandbyher."Theywerelecturedonhowtobringupgirlsandhow

girlsweresupposedtotakeupsuchrisksorbeindependent.Myparentsneverdifferentiatedbetweenusbasedon

ourgender.,,Salvaproudlysaid.（雖然她的家人仍然支持她，但他們面臨著社區(qū)其他人的批評。社會規(guī)范導(dǎo)致

人們對女孩應(yīng)該如何行事和避免風險給出不必要的建議。然而，Salva的父母毫不猶豫地支持她?！八麄儽?/p>

教導(dǎo)如何撫養(yǎng)女孩，以及女孩應(yīng)該如何承擔風險或獨立。我的父母從來沒有因為性別而區(qū)別對待我們。”

Salva自豪地說。）”可知，盡管家庭支持她，但社區(qū)里有人批評他們?nèi)绾谓逃畠?，認為女孩不應(yīng)冒險或獨

立。但Salva的父母從未因性別而區(qū)別對待女兒，始終支持她。所以可以推斷父母是勇敢的，面對批評仍然

堅持支持女兒。故選A項。

【6題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的句子“Salva'spathtosuccesshasbeenanythingbutsmooth.Thehighcosts

associatedwithF4trainingposedasignificantbarrier.Whileherfamilyremainedsupportive,theyfacedcriticism

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fromothersintheirmunity.Societalnormsresultedinpeoplegivingunwantedadviceonhowgirlsshouldact

andavoidrisks.（Salva的成功之路絕非一帆風順。與F4培訓(xùn)相關(guān)的高成本構(gòu)成了一個重大障礙。雖然她的家

人仍然支持她，但他們面臨著社區(qū)其他人的批評。社會規(guī)范導(dǎo)致人們對女孩應(yīng)該如何行事和避免風險給出

不必要的建議）”和第四段的句子“Inasporttraditionallydominatedbymen,Salvaisawareofthechallenges

womenface.Thephysicaldemandsareindeedunbearable,withthetemperatureinsidearacingcaroftenclimbing

to40℃.Thebraking（殺U車）pressurecanrangefrom60to100kg.Shehasexperiencedcrashesanddisappointing

performancesinsomeraces.Thereweremomentswhensheconsideredgivingup,butherpassionforracing

alwayspulledherback.（在一項傳統(tǒng)上由男性主導(dǎo)的運動中，Salva意識到女性面臨的挑戰(zhàn)。賽車對身體的要

求確實是難以忍受的，賽車內(nèi)部的溫度經(jīng)常攀升到40℃。制動壓力可以從60到100公斤。她在一些比賽中

經(jīng)歷了撞車和令人失望的表現(xiàn)。她曾經(jīng)考慮過放棄，但她對賽車的熱情總是把她拉回來。）”可知，Salva

克服經(jīng)濟困難、社會偏見和生理挑戰(zhàn)，最終接近夢想，體現(xiàn)了“有志者事竟成”的精神。故選D項。

【7題詳解】

主旨大意題。本文主要講述的是Salva從印度喀拉拉邦起步，逐步邁向F1的勵志旅程。選項C“FromKerala

toFormula1:SalvaMarjaifsInspiringJourney（從喀拉拉邦到一級方程式：SalvaMaijan的鼓舞人心的旅程）”

既涵蓋起點與目標，又突出“激勵”主題，最貼切。故選C項。

C

Ifyouareaperfectionist,youareprobablyfamiliarwiththefeelingofwantingtogeteverythingjustright.

Youmaybeinvolvedinhandinginpapers,overthinkingoverprojectsatwork,andevenworryaboutsmallerrors

fromthepast.Accordingtoresearchers,perfectionistsholdthemselvestounrealisticallyhighstandardsand

beeselfcritical（自我批判）iftheybelievetheyhaven'tmetthesestandards.Perfectionistsarealsolikelyto

feelguiltandshameiftheyexperiencefailures,whichoftenleadsthemtoavoidsituationswheretheyareworried

theymightfail.AmandaRuggeri,writingaboutperfectionismforBBCFuture,explains,""Whenperfectionistsdon'

tsucceed,theydon'tjustfeeldisappointmentabouthowtheydid.Theyfeelshameaboutwhotheyare.”

Althoughmanypeopleseethepursuit（追求）ofexcellenceasagoodthing,researchershavefoundthattothe

certaindegree,perfectionismisactuallylinkedtolowermentalhealth.Inonestudy,researchersanalyzedhow

perfectionismwasrelatedtomentalhealthacrosspreviousstudies.Theylookedatatotalof284studiesandfound

thatperfectionismwasassociatedwithdepression,anxietyandeatingdisorders.Theyalsofoundthatpeoplehigher

inperfectionismalsoreportedhigherlevelsofoverallpsychologicaldistress.

Isperfectionismalwaysharmful?Psychologistshavedebatedthispoint,withsomesuggestingthattherecan

besuchathingasadaptiveperfectionism,inwhichpeopleholdthemselvestohighstandardswithoutinvolvingin

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selfcriticismovermistakestheymake.Someresearchershavesuggestedthatahealthierformofperfectionism

involvespursuinggoalsbecauseyouwantto,andnotblamingyourselfifyoufailtomeetagoal.However,other

researcherssuggestthatperfectionismisnotadaptive:accordingtotheseresearchers,perfectionismismorethan

justholdingyourselftohighstandards,andtheydon'tthinkperfectionismisbeneficial.

Sinceperfectionismisassociatedwithnegativeoutes,whatcansomeonewithperfectionisttendenciesdo

tochangetheirbehavior?Althoughpeoplearesometimeshesitanttogiveuptheirperfectionisttendencies,

psychologistspointoutthatgivinguponperfectiondoesn'tmeanbeinglesssuccessful.Infact,becausemistakes

areanimportantpartoflearningandgrowing,embracingimperfectioncanactuallyhelpusinthelongrun.

8.Whatisamonstruggleforperfectionists?

A.Theyalwaysletgoofpastmistakes.

B.Theyrarelyexperiencefeelingsofshame.

C.Theyoftenfeelshamewhenhavingfailures.

D.Theyhaveagoodtimeenjoyingtheirsuccess.

9.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?

A.Thedefinitionofperfectionism.B.Thepurposeoftheresearch.

C.Theprocessofthestudy.D.Theharmofperfectionism.

10.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph3?

A.Allpsychologistsagreethatperfectionismisbeneficial.

B.Psychologistsagreethatperfectionismisalwaysharmful.

C.Somepsychologiststhinkthere9saharmlesstypeofperfectionism.

D.Thedebateaboutperfectionismcanbepletelyremoved.

11.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofperfectionism?

A.Objective.B.Unclear.C.Doubtful.D.Unrealistic.

【答案】8.C9.D10.C11.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了完美主義者的表現(xiàn)、完美主義對心理健康的危害，心理學(xué)家對此

的不同觀點，以及應(yīng)對完美主義傾向的建議。

【8題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中"Perfectionistsarealsolikelytofeelguiltandshameiftheyexperiencefailures,

whichoftenleadsthemtoavoidsituationswheretheyareworriedtheymightfail.（如果完美主義者經(jīng)歷失敗，他

第8頁/共23頁

們也很可能會感到內(nèi)疚和羞愧，這常常導(dǎo)致他們避免那些他們擔心自己可能會失敗的情況）”可知，完美主

義者在失敗時經(jīng)常會感到羞愧。故選C項。

【9題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中"Althoughmanypeopleseethepursuit（追求）ofexcellenceasagoodthing,

researchershavefoundthattothecertaindegree,perfectionismisactuallylinkedtolowermentalhealth.（雖然很

多人認為追求卓越是一件好事，但研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在一定程度上，完美主義實際上與較低的心理健康水平

有關(guān)）”以及后文列舉的完美主義與抑郁、焦慮和飲食失調(diào)等的關(guān)聯(lián)可知，第二段主要講了完美主義的危害。

故選D項。

【10題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Isperfectionismalwaysharmful?Psychologistshavedebatedthispoint,withsome

suggestingthattherecanbesuchathingasadaptiveperfectionism,inwhichpeopleholdthemselvestohigh

standardswithoutinvolvinginselfcriticismovermistakestheymake.Someresearchershavesuggestedthata

healthierformofperfectionisminvolvespursuinggoalsbecauseyouwantto,andnotblamingyourselfifyoufailto

meetagoal.（完美主義總是有害的嗎？心理學(xué)家對這一點進行了爭論，一些人認為可能存在適應(yīng)性完美主義，

即人們對自己要求很高，但不會對自己犯的錯誤進行自我批評。一些研究人員認為，更健康的完美主義形

式包括追求目標，因為你想要這樣做，如果你沒有達到目標，也不要責怪自己）”可知，一些心理學(xué)家認為

存在一種更健康的完美主義形式，即追求目標，但如果沒有達到目標，也不責怪自己。由此推知，一些心

理學(xué)家認為有一種無害的完美主義。故選C項。

【11題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中"Althoughmanypeopleseethepursuit（追求）ofexcellenceasagoodthing,

researchershavefoundthattothecertaindegree,perfectionismisactuallylinkedtolowermentalhealth.（雖然很

多人認為追求卓越是一件好事，但研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，在一定程度上，完美主義實際上與較低的心理健康水平

有關(guān)）”可知，作者指出了完美主義的危害；根據(jù)第三段中“Psychologistshavedebatedthispoint,withsome

suggestingthattherecanbesuchathingasadaptiveperfectionism,inwhichpeopleholdthemselvestohigh

standardswithoutinvolvinginselfcriticismovermistakestheymake.（，心理學(xué)家彳門一直在爭論這一，點，一些人認

為存在適應(yīng)性完美主義，即人們對自己要求很高，但不會因自己犯的錯誤而進行自我批判）”可知，作者也

提到了可能存在無害的完美主義類型；又根據(jù)最后一段中uAlthoughpeoplearesometimeshesitanttogiveup

theirperfectionisttendencies,psychologistspointoutthatgivinguponperfectiondoesn'tmeanbeingless

successful.（然人們有時會猶豫是否要放棄他們的完美主義傾向，但心理學(xué)家指出，放棄完美并不意味著不那

么成功）”可知，作者指出放棄完美并不意味著不那么成功。作者對完美主義者的介紹整體保持中立立場，

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沒有帶入個人觀點，由此可推知，作者對完美主義的看法是客觀的。故選A項。

D

HuntergathererchildrenintheCongoBasinhaveoftenlearnedhowtohunt,identifyeatableplantsandcare

forbabiesbytheageofsixorseven.Thisrapidlearningisshapedbyauniquesocialenvironmentwherecultural

knowledgeispasseddownnotjustfromparentsbutfromabroadermunity,accordingtoanewWashington

StateUniversityledstudy.Theresearchhelpsexplainhowmanyculturalfeatureshavebeenpreservedfor

thousandsofyearsamonghuntergatherergroupsacrossawiderangeofnaturalenvironmentsinAfrica.

“Wefocusonhuntergatherersbecausethiswayoflifecharacterized99%ofhumanhistory,9,saidBarry

Hewlett,aprofessorofanthropologyatWSUandleadauthorofthestudy.a4Ourbodiesandmindsareadaptedto

thisintimate（親密的）,smallgroupliving.Byexamininghowchildreninthesesocietieslearn,weintendto

uncoverthemechanismsthathaveallowedhumanstoadapttodiverseenvironmentsacrosstheglobe.9,

Forthestudy,Hewlettandcolleaguesexamineninedifferentmodesofculturaltransmission（傳遞）in

huntergatherersocieties.Theiranalysisrevealsthatmembersrelatedtoachild'sextendedfamilyhavelikely

playedagreaterroleintransmittingknowledgetochildrenthanpreviouslythought.Additionally,thestudyshows

abouthalfoftheculturalknowledgehuntergathererchildrenandadolescentsacquireesfrompeopletheyare

notrelatedto.Thiscontrastswithpreviousstudiesonthetopicthathavemoreheavilyemphasizedtheknowledge

ofparenttochildtransmission.

Thebroadinformallearningnetworkinhuntergatherersocietiesismadepossiblebyintimateliving

conditions.Smallcamps,usuallyconsistingof2535individualslivinginhomesafewfeetfromeachother,create

anenvironmentwherechildrencanobserveandinteractwithawiderangeofpeople.Thisallowsthemtolearn

essentialskills,includingcaringforinfantsandcookingaswellashuntingandgathering.

Movingforward,Hewletthopesthatthisresearchoffersadeeperunderstandingofthenatureofsocial

learninginhumansandhowculturesingeneralareconservedandchangeovertime.

12.WhatistheaimofProfessorHewlett?sstudy?

A.Toadvocatetheintimategroupliving.

B.Torevealhowhumansadaptedtodiversity.

C.Toshowtheimportanceofparentchildbond.

D.Toexplorelivingconditionsofhuntergatherers.

13.Whatdopreviousstudieslayemphasisonaboutchildren'sknowledge?

A.Knowledgefromtheirparents.B.Knowledgefrommunitymembers.

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C.Knowledgefromhandsonpractice.D.Knowledgefromchildren'sdistantrelatives.

14.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheatmosphereofhuntergatherersocietymunities?

A.Coldandtense.B.Livelyandenergetic.

C.Calmandrelaxed.D.Closeandinteractive.

15.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.Whatshapedhumandiversity?B.Whatledtoculturaltransmission?

C.Howhuntergatherersocietiesdeveloped?D.Howchildrenlearnedfor99%ofhumanhistory?

【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了華盛頓州立大學(xué)主導(dǎo)的一項研究，探討狩獵采集社會中兒童的學(xué)

習(xí)方式，以及文化知識的傳遞機制。

【12題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Hewlett教授的話”Byexamininghowchildreninthesesocietieslearn,weintendto

uncoverthemechanismsthathaveallowedhumanstoadapttodiverseenvironmentsacrosstheglobe.（通過研究這

些社會中兒童的學(xué)習(xí)方式，我們旨在揭示人類適應(yīng)全球不同環(huán)境的機制）”可知，Hewlett教授的研究目的是

揭示人類如何適應(yīng)全球不同環(huán)境的機制，即人類是如何適應(yīng)全球不同環(huán)境的。故選B項。

【13題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thiscontrastswithpreviousstudiesonthetopicthathavemoreheavilyemphasized

theknowledgeofparenttochildtransmission.（這與之前關(guān)于該主題的研究形成對比，之前的研究更強調(diào)親子

之間的知識傳遞）”可知，以前的研究強調(diào)親子之間的知識傳遞，即孩子們從父母那里獲得知識。故選A項。

【14題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Thebroadinformallearningnetworkinhuntergatherersocietiesismadepossible

byintimatelivingconditions.Smallcamps,usuallyconsistingof2535individualslivinginhomesafewfeetfrom

eachother,createanenvironmentwherechildrencanobserveandinteractwithawiderangeofpeople.（在狩獵采

集社會中，親密的生活條件使廣泛的非正式學(xué)習(xí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)成為可能。小營地通常由25到35個人組成，他們的

住所彼此相距只有幾英尺，這樣的環(huán)境讓孩子們可以觀察并與各種各樣的人互動）”可知，在狩獵采集社會

社區(qū)里，人們距離很近，孩子們可以觀察并與各種各樣的人互動。由此可知，其氛圍是親密且互動性強的。

故選D項。

【15題詳解】

主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段中"HuntergathererchildrenintheCongoBasinhaveoftenlearnedhowto

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hunt,identifyeatableplantsandcareforbabiesbytheageofsixorseven.（剛果盆地的狩獵采集社會的兒童通常

在六七歲時就學(xué)會了如何狩獵、識別可食用的植物以及照顧嬰兒）”、第二段中“Wefocusonhuntergatherers

becausethiswayoflifecharacterized99%ofhumanhistory（我們關(guān)注狩獵采集者，因為這種生活方式占據(jù)了人

類歷史的99%）”、第三段中“Forthestudy,Hewlettandcolleaguesexamineninedifferentmodesofcultural

transmission（傳遞）inhuntergatherersocieties.（在這項研究中，Hewlett和同事們研究了狩獵采集社會中九種

不同的文化傳播模式）”和最后一段“Movingforward,Hewletthopesthatthisresearchoffersadeeper

understandingofthenatureofsociallearninginhumansandhowculturesingeneralareconservedandchange

overtime.（展望未來，Hewlett希望這項研究能更深入地了解人類社會學(xué)習(xí)的本質(zhì)，以及文化是如何隨著時間

的推移而保存和變化的）”可知，狩獵采集社會占據(jù)了人類歷史時長的99%,文章介紹了一項關(guān)于狩獵采集

社會中兒童的學(xué)習(xí)方式和文化知識傳遞機制的研究。故D項“Howchildrenlearnedfor99%ofhumanhistory?

（在人類歷史99%的時間里孩子們是如何學(xué)習(xí)的？）”能概括文章內(nèi)容，最適合做文章標題。故選D項。

第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Lifeisbusy.WeTealwaysexpectedtobeproductiveandengaged,whetherthafswithparenting,household

chores,orwork.Whiletakingtimeforsmallrewardscanfeellikealuxury（奢侈）,thetruthisthatitisessentialfor

improvingourmentalhealth.16Itinvolvesstrategicplanning.Here'showtouseiteffectivelyindailylife.

Identifymeaningfulrewards.17Soyouaresuretochoosetreatsthattrulymakeyouhappyand

contributepositivelytoyoursenseofwellbeing.Thiscouldbeenjoyingacupofyourfavoritecoffee,spending

timeonahobbyyoulove,ortakingabriefwalkoutdoors.Bychoosingrewardsthatmatchyourpreferences,you

canenhanceyoursatisfactionandmotivationindailylife.

18MakesureyourtreatsdependonpletingparticulartasksorreachingcertaingoalsHavinga

directlinkbetweenthegoalortaskandthetreatgivesyoumoresupporttoengageinthebehavioryou'reaimingto

achieve.Thisconnectionhelpsstrengthenpositivehabitsandmotivatesprogress.

Practicemoderation（適度）.Itwouldbenicetorewardyourselfforeverythingyoudo.19Ifyou

rewardyourselftoooften,itbeesanexpectationratherthanatreat.Additionally,rewardsshouldn'tleadto

stress,likeoverspendingonthingsthatburdenyourbudget.

Ensureyourrewardsaretrulybeneficial.Takeamomenttoreflectonwhatyou'veachieved.20If

necessary,adjustyourapproachtostrengthenyourgoalsortasks.Additionally,considerhowtheserewards

contributetoyourprogressandmotivation,helpingyoustayontracktowardyourgoals.

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A.Valuelittlemotivationalrewards.

B.Notallrewardsarecreatedequal.

C.Tierewardstospecificachievements.

D.Giveyourselfrewardimmediatelyyoufinishyourwork.

E.Andevaluatewhetheryourrewardsaretrulyhelpingyou.

F.However,ifsmoreeffectivetotreatyourselfoccasionally.

G.Rewardingyourselfismorethanjustenjoyingrandomtreats.

【答案】16G17.B18.C19.F20.E

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了在忙碌生活中給自己獎勵對改善心理健康很重要，并闡述了有效

運用獎勵機制的方法。

【16題詳解】

上文“Whiletakingtimeforsmallrewardscanfeellikealuxury（奢侈），thetruthisthatitisessentialfor

improvingourmentalhealth.（雖然花時間進行小小獎勵感覺像是一種奢侈，但事實是，這對改善我們的心理

健康至關(guān)重要）”提出獎勵自己對改善我們的心理健康至關(guān)重要，下文“Itinvolvesstrategicplanning.Here's

howtouseiteffectivelyindailylife.（它涉及策略規(guī)劃。以下是如何在日常生活中有效運用它的方法）”說明給

獎勵自己并非隨意為之，G選項“Rewardingyourselfismorethanjustenjoyingrandomtreats.（給自己獎勵不僅

僅是隨意享受