1、第七章 定語從句相關(guān)概念主句、從句、關(guān)系詞 例句： This is the boy who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition. 主句 ：在含有定語從句的復(fù)合句中,除去定語從句后 的部分,是句子的主句；例句中,This is the boy.是主句； 定語從句： 相當(dāng)于形容詞, 修飾主句中的一個(gè)名詞或whose 可以指人也可以指物；He was a painter whose pictures were not well-known in his life time. The treewhose leaves are re

2、d was planted last year. 關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)可以省略；I like the meal that/which / we had last night.Do you know the boy who/whom/that/ we talked about just now. 注：（）表示關(guān)系代詞省略代詞（有時(shí)修飾整個(gè)主句,相當(dāng)于主句的一個(gè)定關(guān)系副詞語；） 例句中, who won the first prize in the English Speech Competition 是定語從句, 修飾 the boy； 先行詞： 先行詞就是被定語從句修飾的名詞等,它總關(guān)系副詞在從句

3、中只能作狀語；when 指時(shí)間,where 指地點(diǎn), why 指緣由, how 不能作關(guān)系詞； 如：We will put off the picnic until next week when the weather may be better. 是顯現(xiàn)在定語從句的前面；例句中, the boyHe has reached the point where a change is needed. 是先行詞； That is no reasonwhy you should leave. 關(guān)系詞： 關(guān)系詞指用來引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞,分為關(guān)系This is the wayhow I did it. ho

4、w不能作關(guān)系詞 代詞和關(guān)系副詞；例句中, who 是關(guān)系代詞； 基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)關(guān)系詞的三個(gè)作用1. 用合適的關(guān)系詞完成句子；作定語從句的一個(gè)句子成分；P. 錯(cuò)誤！未定義書The man _/_ was here yesterday is a painter. 起著連接主句和從句的作用（參看The man_/_/_/_ I saw is called Smith. 簽；錯(cuò)誤！未找到引用源；）；A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan. 代指被修飾的先行詞；（例句中,who 作定語從句的主語,同時(shí)起著連接作用,在意思上,指代的是前面的先行詞 the b

5、oy；）I d like a room _ window looks out over the sea. A letter _/_ is written in pencil is hard to read. The letter _/ _/_ I received from him yesterday is very important. 關(guān)系代詞sThat is the boy _/ _/ _/ _ you are looking for. 指人時(shí)可以用who, 也可用 that；Do you know the boy Do you know the reason _ he was late

6、 for the meeting？who/that is my deskmate. This is the school _ I used to study. The man who/that was killed in the accident is Tomuncle. I still remember the day _ we met for the first time. 指物時(shí)可以用 which, 也可用 that；I like visiting places which/that are not far away.How do you like the film which/that

7、 was shown last Sunday. 2. 用符號標(biāo)出以下句子的主句、定語從句、先行詞和 關(guān)系詞；主句： _ 定語從句 :（）先行詞：先行詞關(guān)系詞：例： This is the book that I have been looking for. The movie that we saw last night is very exciting. Have you bought the book which we talked about ？I still remember the day which we spent together last week. He still liv

8、es in the house whose windows face south. The boy whose father is a policeman speaks English most fluently in our class. The girl who you met was Johns sister.There is no reason why we shouldnt be friends.They arrived in the early morning when the sky was still dark. The days were gone when we had t

9、o travel on horses. Is this the hospital where you were born. 關(guān)系詞的挑選選用哪個(gè)關(guān)系詞,關(guān)鍵是看關(guān)系詞在定語從句 中作什么成分含有定語從句的復(fù)合句可以分為兩部分：主句 和從句；關(guān)系詞是定語從句的一個(gè)成分；選用關(guān)系 詞,要看關(guān)系詞在定語從句中作什么成分,而不是 看先行詞是什么詞性；仍：依據(jù)先行詞提示的意思, 大膽地把定語從句仍原答疑 qq 329950885為完整的一句話； （可以添詞）替換：用關(guān)系詞替換定語從句中仍原后添加的部分,作主語和賓語用關(guān)系代詞,作狀語用關(guān)系副詞；（時(shí)間狀語用 when,地點(diǎn)狀語用where, 緣由狀語用w

10、hy ）（同中學(xué)時(shí)做的 “對畫線部分提問” 相像,該用what 的時(shí)候用 which/that 即可）He worked in the factory which produces TV sets. He worked in the factory where his father had worked. I like the school which is near to my home. I like the school where my sister studies. 在句 1 和句 2 中,先行詞前都有 in, 但關(guān)系詞有用例如：This is the school _ I once

11、 studied. This is the school _ is the most famous in the city. I am studying at a school _ my father teaches English. which 也有用 where 的；the school, 但關(guān)系詞找：（略）在句 3 和句 4 中,先行詞都是仍原：依據(jù)先行詞的提示,這三句話的定語從句仍原有用 which 也有用 where 的；因此,我們可以看出,對關(guān)系詞起打算性作用的并成完整的一句話后分別為：I once studied at the school. 不是先行詞；The school i

12、s the most famous in the city. 在句 1 和句 3 中,關(guān)系詞在定語從句中都是作主語,因此用的都是關(guān)系代詞 which ；在句 2 和句 4 中,關(guān)系詞在定語從句中都是作狀語,因此都是用關(guān)系副詞 where；我們可以看出,用哪個(gè)關(guān)系詞,主 要看關(guān)系詞在定My father teaches English at the school. 粗斜體部分為依據(jù)先行詞的意思把關(guān)系詞仍原后的 部分；替換：依據(jù) “ 對畫線部分提問”的規(guī)章,1.和 3.用 where, 2.本該用 what, 在定語從句中該用 what 的要換為 which/that ； 作什么成分 ；（參看本因

13、此,答案為：1.where；2. that/which ；3. where 選用關(guān)系詞的方法：一“ 找” 二“ 仍” 三“ 替換 ”關(guān)系詞一般要位于定語從句的句首找：就是找出主句、從句、先行詞和關(guān)系詞；【2022 江西】 The house I grew up _ has been 章第 1 講）taken down and replaced by an office building. A. in it B. in C. in that D. in which 答案與分析： A 沒有關(guān)系詞, 不能連接兩句話；C 介詞后不能用 that；D 關(guān)系詞一般不位于句末；而 B 可以看作是關(guān)系代詞作賓

14、語、放在句首并且省略了；因此選 B；利用一 “ 找” 二“ 仍”三 “ 替換 ” 的方法挑選關(guān)系詞Is this the reason _ he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work. A. thatB. whatC. howD. why Is this the reason _ he was so careless in his work. A. thatB. whatC. howD. why The reason _ he didnt come was _ h e was ill. A. why; thatB.

15、that; why C. for that; thatD. for which; what He lives in a village _ is not far from the city. A. whichB. whereC. whatD. whose I ll never forget the days _ we studied together. A. thatB. / C. whenD. A and B I ll never forget the days _ we spent together. A. thatB. / C. whenD. A and B If we want to

16、have a bright future, we must learn to act in ways _ do not do harm to other living things. A. in whichB. /C. howD. that Is this the factory _ color TV sets are produced. A. whenB. the one where C. thatD. in which Is this factory _ color TV sets are produced. A. which B. the one where C. thatD. in w

17、hich This is the factory _ produces color TV sets. A. whereB. the one where C. thatD. in which 【 2022 天津】 Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars He lives in the village _ he was born. for a haircut. You should try the barbers _ I go. Its onlyA. whichB. where C. whatD. whose A. asB. whichC. whereD.

18、that In an hour, we travel to places _ could have taken our ancestors days to reach. A. whereB. when C. whichD. what In an hour, we travel to places _ we can relax and get refreshed. A. whereB. when C. whichD. what The place _ interested me most was the Children Palace. A. whichB. where C. whatD. in

19、 which The place _ he had a good time last Sunday was the Childrens Palace.A. whichB. where C. whatD. in where 【 2022 陜西】 I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend, _ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. A. whichB. whereC. whoD. that 【 2022 福建】 She has a gift for creating an atmos- phere

20、for her students _ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A. whichB. whereC. whatD. who 【 2022 江西】By 16:30, _ was almost closing time, s nearly all the paintings had been sold. A.whichB. whenC. whatD. that 【 2022 山東】 Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the ou

21、tside world. A. when B. where C. which D. whom 只能用 that 不能用 which 的情形先行詞是 anything, something, nothing, everything 等不定代詞時(shí)III. 【2022 全國 2】I refuse to accept the blame for something _ was someone else fault. A. whoB. thatC. asD. what I.關(guān)系代詞一般只用that,不用 which ；先行詞是all, much,little, none 或先行詞被all, much,

22、He never reads anything _ is not worth reading. little, no, any 修飾時(shí)A. whichB. asC. whoD. that II. Is there anything _ to you. A. that is belongedB. that belongs C. that belongD. which belongs 關(guān)系詞只能用that, 不能用which ；All the people that are present burst into tears. IV. These people once had fame and f

23、ortune; now _ is left to them is utter poverty. A. all thatB. all what XIV. I like the second football match _ was C. all whichD. that all held last week. V. There is not much _ can be done. A. whichB. whoC. thatD. / A. thatB. whichC. whatD. how XV. This is the last time _ I shall come here to help

24、you. VI. 【2022 浙江】_ thats important is that you are A. thatB. whichC. whenD. what doing your best and moving in the right direction. A. OneB. All C. EverythingD. Anything XVI.A. that you arrivedB. when you arrived C. that you It s the third time _ late this month.ve arrivedD. when youve arrivedVII.

25、There is no difficulty _ can t be overcome in the world. A. thatB. whichC. whoD. what 先行詞有兩個(gè), 一個(gè)指人, 一個(gè)指物, 關(guān)系代詞用 that VIII. All the apples _ fell down were eaten by XVII. Were talking about the piano and the pianist the pigs. _ were in the concert we attended last night. A. thatB. thoseC. whichD. wha

26、t A. whichB. whomC. whoD. that IX. You can take any seat _ is free. XVIII. Both the girl and her dog _ were crossing A. thatB. /C. whichD. it the street were hit by a coming car. A. whichB. whoC. theyD. that 先行詞被最高級、序數(shù)詞以及 the first, the last, the very, the only, the same修飾時(shí)被這類詞修飾時(shí),關(guān)系代詞常用 that,不用whic

27、h ；X. The most important thing _ we should pay attention to is the first thing _ I have said. A. which; thatB. that; which C. which; whichD. that; that XI. My watch is not the only thing _ is missing. A. thatB. itC. which D. who XII. The TV play I watched last night is the best one _ I have watched

28、this year. A. whichB. what C. whoseD. that XIII. This is the very film _ I ve long wished to see. A. whichB. thatC. whoD. whom XIX. All the passengers and suitcases _ were still waiting on the broken down bus had to be transferred to another long distance bus. A. theyB. whoC. whichD. that XX. He tal

29、ked a lot about things and persons _ they remembered in the school. A. whichB. thatC. whomD. what 留意：關(guān)系副詞不受這些規(guī)章的影響只是 答疑 qq 329950885在選用關(guān)系代詞時(shí)才使用這些規(guī)章；如：XXI.【2022 福建】 Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet _ life has developed gradually. A. thatB. whereC. whichD. whos

30、e XXII. This is the same house _ her grandfather was born. A. thatB. whereC. whichD. whose其他有關(guān)關(guān)系詞挑選的規(guī)章關(guān)系代詞直接放在介詞后面時(shí),要用 which,不用 that；第3章This is the museum _ we saw an exhibition the other day.A. thatB. whichC. 要用 whom,不用 who 第4章whereD. in that 第1章【 2022湖南】Julie was good at German, French 【2022 全國I】S

31、he brought with her three friends, none of _ I had ever met before. and Russian , all of _ she spoke fluently. A. themB. whoC. whomD. these A. whoB. whomC. whichD. that第2章【 2022 湖南】 The growing speed of a plant is 第5章【2022 浙江】 The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of _ left their villa

32、ge influenced by a number of factors, _ are homes for a better life in the city. beyond our control. A. whomB. whichC. themD. those A. most of themB. most of whichC. most of whatD. most of that 第6章【2022 上?！縃ave you sent thank-you notes to 第12章 Those _ not only from books but also through practice wi

33、ll succeed. A. learnB. whoC. that learnsD. who learn the relatives from _ you received gifts. A. whichB. themC. thatD. whom 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí),要用 which, who, whom, 不關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語或there be 結(jié)構(gòu)中的實(shí)意主用 that,也不能省略語時(shí) ,that 可指人或物,且通常省略第7章【 2022 浙江】 Yesterday she sold her car, 概括為：在從句中位于be 后；此條僅作明白 _ she bought a mon

34、th ago. He still talks like the man （ that）he was ten years ago. A. whomB. whereC. thatD.which 第8章他談起話來仍像十年前一樣；【2022 全國 1】As a child, Jack studied in a The train is the fastest train （that） there has ever been. village school, _ is named after his 這列火車是有史以來最快的火車；grandfather. My typewriter is not the

35、 machinethatit was. A. whichB. whereC. whatD. that 第9章【2022 全國 】That evening, _ I will tell 我的打字機(jī)已不是過去的機(jī)器了；you more about later, I ended up working very late. A. thatB. whichC. whatD. when 當(dāng)先行詞前面有 which,who 等疑問代詞時(shí), 為防止重復(fù),用關(guān)系代詞 that第13章 She was no longer the woman _ she was. A. thatB. whichC. whatD.

36、who 第14章 She is no longer the sweet girl _ she used to be. A. whatB. whoC. whenD. that 同理,當(dāng)先行詞是that, those 時(shí),常用關(guān)系代詞當(dāng)先行詞為 one, ones, anyone, everyone, none, all指人 時(shí),關(guān)系代詞常用whowhich 或 who；如：Whats that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的Anyone who is against us is our enemy. 任何反對我 們的人就是我們的敵人；那些東西是什么？Which i

37、s the T-shirt that fits me most. All who heard the story were amazed. 全部聽到這個(gè)故第10章 Who is the person _ is standing at the gate of BeijingTourismTower. A. whoB. thatC. whichD. whom 事的人都很驚奇；第11章 Who _ has common sense will do such a thing. A. whichB. whoC. whomD. that whose可指人也可指物whose 作關(guān)系代詞可以指人也可指物,用作

38、定語；QinghuaUniversity. 如指物,它仍可以同of which 互換 ; 如指人,就不行由于 答疑 qq 329950885 我們一般說his son,不說the son of him; 說 my book, 不說 the book of me, 因 此我們只能說 : 與 of whom 互換 He lives in a house. Its window faces south. He lives in a house whose window faces south.He lives in a house. The window of it faces south. He

39、lives in a house, the window of which He is the farmer whose son is studying in QinghuaUniversity. 而不能說： He is the farmer, the son of whom is studying in QinghuaUniversity. faces south. He lives in a house, of which the window faces south. 名詞前有冠詞the 時(shí)用 of which, 名詞前沒有冠詞時(shí)用He is the farmer. His son is

40、 studying in whose 【2022 安徽】 Many children, _ parents are I saw some trees _ the leaves were black with disease. A. whereB. of whichC. in whichD. whose away working in big cities ,are taken good care of in the village. A. theirB. whose C. of themD. with whom 【2022 陜西】 The old temple, _ roof was 【202

41、2 天津】I wish to thank Professor Smith, damaged in storm, is now under repair. A. whereB. whichC. itsD. whose without_ help I would never have got this far. A. whoB. whoseC. whomD. which 【2022 全國I】The prize will go to the writer 【 2022福 建 】 The book tells stories of the _ story shows the most imaginat

42、ion. A. thatB. whichC. whoseD. what 【2022 陜西】 The man pulled out a gold watch, _ were made of small diamonds. A. the hands of whomB. whom the hands of C. which the hands ofD. the hands of which earthquake through the eyes of those_lives were affected.A. whose B. that C. who D. whichas, but, than用作關(guān)系

43、代詞as 引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句我們已得出和他們同樣的結(jié)論；This is thesame watch as I lost. as 作賓語 這與我丟例題： I had never heard such an interesting story 的那塊表一樣；_ you told me yesterday.A. that B. which C. as D. that/which 在 “asas” 句型中,第一個(gè)as 后面跟名詞時(shí)；有些同學(xué)可能挑選D,這說明有關(guān)定語從句的它可以看作是“ as+形容詞 +as” 的一種變化形式；基本學(xué)問學(xué)得不錯(cuò),但學(xué)問仍是有漏洞；要記?。杭偃缦刃性~被 such, the

44、 same, so+形容詞 +a/an,as+形容詞 +a/an 修飾時(shí),這時(shí)關(guān)系詞我們要用 as；此時(shí), as同 that, who, which, whom 一樣,是關(guān)He is as good as his brother. 他和他弟弟一樣好；這 句話仍可以表達(dá)為：He is asgood a boyas his brother. It aspleasanta filmas I have ever seen. as 作賓語 這是一部和我以往看的同樣好的電影；（參看 P錯(cuò)誤！未定義書簽； 錯(cuò)誤！未找到引用源； ）系代詞,代指the same, so, such和 as 引導(dǎo)的短語,在“so

45、+ 形+冠+n. + as ”句型中He is so good a student 常譯作 “ 正如, 像” ,在定語從句中通常作主語、賓as every teacher likes. 語和表語；它可以看作是先行詞被such 修飾時(shí)關(guān)系代詞用as在限制性定語從句中要用關(guān)系代詞as的,常見（第一種情形）的一種變化形式；的有以下四種情形：He is such a good studentas every teacher likes. 先行詞被 such 修飾時(shí),構(gòu)成“suchas ” ；他是一個(gè)每個(gè)老師都喜愛的這樣一個(gè)好同學(xué)；It s such a heavy stone as nobody ca

46、n move. （ as作賓語）那是一塊重得沒人能移得動的石頭；用 so 可以表達(dá)為：He is so good a student as every teacher likes. Dont trust such men as praise you to your face. （參看 P.錯(cuò)誤！未定義書簽； 錯(cuò)誤！未找到引用源； ）as 作主語 不要信任那種當(dāng)面吹捧你的人；先行詞被 the same修飾時(shí),構(gòu)成“the sameas ”；the same as與 the same thatWe have arrived at thesame conclusion as they have.as

47、 作賓語 the same as指同一類, the same that指同一個(gè)；I bought the same car as yours. 我買的那輛汽車和你的一模一樣；This is the same bag the very bag that I lost yesterday. 這就是我昨天丟失的那個(gè)包；That is the same man that asked for help the day before yesterday. 那就是前天來求助的同一個(gè)人；such as 和 such .that的區(qū)分（該用定語從句仍是用結(jié)果狀語從句）such as “ 像 樣的” ,as 引導(dǎo)

48、的是定語從句 , as作句子成分；such that“ 如此 以至于” , that 引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語從句 , that 不作句子成分；Pop music is such an important part of society _ it has even influenced our language. A. asB. thatC. whichD. where Last term our English teacher set so difficult examination problem _ none of us worked out. A. asB. thatC. whichD. wh

49、ose an The man showed us so heavy a stone _ no one can lift. A. thatB. asC. whichD and I received _ nice a gift _ my mother promised. A. the same; asB. as; as C. such; asD. the same; that I want to use the same tools _ used in your factory a few days ago. A. as wasB. which was C. as wereD. which I h

50、ave bought the same dress _ she is wearing. A. asB. thatC. whichD. what 判定方法：用 that 來引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句；如I found the book just _ I borrowed yesterday so I got it back at once. 假如后面成分完整,A. the same thatB. the same asC. such asD. such that 果后面句子成分不完整,就用 as來引導(dǎo)定語從句；It was so difficult a problem _ no one worked it

51、 out. Tom did not take away the camera because it was just the same camera _ he lost last week.A. whichB. that C. whom D. as （成分完整,結(jié)果狀語從句 , 填 that）譯為：but 用作關(guān)系代詞（選學(xué)內(nèi)容）這道題如此難以至于沒有人算得出來；but 既可指人,也可指物,常在定語從句中充當(dāng)It was so difficult a problem _ no one worked out. 主語；but 本身含“ 否定” 的意思,其作用相當(dāng)于 “that （成分不完整,定語從

52、句 , 填 as）譯為：這是一道沒有人能算出來的難題；which whonot” ；它前面的主句通常有“ 否定” 的詞（如：no,not, little ,few ,hardly 等）；練習(xí)為了快速培育語感,也可把 but 意譯為“ 除了”；He is such a lazy man _ nobody wants to work with _. There is no mother but loves her own children. A. as; himB. that; / （ There is no mother that who does not love her own C. as;

53、 /D. whom; him children. ）沒有不愛自己孩子的母親；It wasnt such a good present _ he had promised me. A. thatB. asC. whichD. what There is no man but feels pity for the starving children.沒有These houses are sold at such a low price _ people expected. A. likeB. asC. thatD. which He isn t such a man _ he used to be

54、.A. whoB. whomC. thatD. as He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done. A. thatB. whichC. whoD. as We should read such books _ will make us better and wiser. A. when B. as C. whose D. what 人不為這些饑餓的孩子感到憐憫；There are very few but admire his talents.（but = who dont）很少有人不稱贊他的才能；There is no rule

55、 but has exception. 凡規(guī)章都有例外；than 用作關(guān)系代詞（選學(xué)內(nèi)容）than 在定語從句中作關(guān)系代詞,在從句中可以This is such a heavy box _ I cant move it.充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語,但仍以充當(dāng)主語為多；在A. asB. that C. whichD. whose 定語從句中,它與關(guān)系代詞 that 所起的語法作用是差不多的,只是在翻譯或說明時(shí),要比 that 多一層比較的意味；另外,由 than 含有比較意味可知,該類定語從句的先行詞前通常要有形容詞的比較級形 式；如：Newspapers and other media do mor

56、e than simply record what happens. 報(bào)紙和其他媒體做的不僅僅是記錄發(fā)生的事情；You make more money than is intended to make. 主語 你 掙得的錢比估計(jì)的要多；There were more casualties than was reported. 傷亡人數(shù)比報(bào)道的要多；as 作關(guān)系代詞很有用（P. 錯(cuò)誤！未定義書簽； ）關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞在定語從句中作狀語【 2022北 京 】 I ll give you my friendhome address,_ I can be reached most evenings.

57、A. whichB. whenC. whomD. where 【 2022 安徽】 All the neighbors admire this family, _ the parents are treating their child like a friend. A. whyB. whereC. whichD. that 【2022 重慶】 Life is like a long race _ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. A. whyB. whatC. thatD. where 【 2022 重 慶 】 Sales dire

58、ctor is a position _ communication ability is just as important as sales ability. A. whichB. thatC. whenD. where 【2022 浙江】We live in an age _ more information is available with great ease than ever before. A. whyB. when C. to whomD. on which 【 2022 四川】 Nowadays people are more concerned about the en

59、vironment_ they live.A. what B. which C. when D. where 假如 the way 在定語從句中作狀語 定語從句仍原后是 in the way ,關(guān)系詞用下面三種情形的任一種：in which ； that； 省略；The way _ he answered the question was surprising. A. howB. thatC. in whichD. / E. B/C/D 定語從句復(fù)原為完整的一句話后為：He answered the question in the way.in the way 在定語從句中作狀語,因此選 E；

60、The way _ he looks at problems is wrong. A. whichB. whoseC. whatD./ That is not the way _ I do it. A./B. which C. for whichD. with which This is the only way _ you can find. A. thatB. / C. in which D. A, B and CE. A and B I don t like the way _ he spoke to his mother. A. thatB. /C. in whichD. A, B a