2025年考研英語(yǔ)（一）閱讀理解必考題型全解全練試卷考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______PartAReadingComprehensionDirections:Thereare4passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Passage1Theconceptofsustainabilityhasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentdecades,drivenbygrowingconcernsoverenvironmentaldegradation,resourcedepletion,andsocialinequality.Whileoftenassociatedwithecologicalpreservation,sustainabilityencompassesabroadervisionthatintegrateseconomicviability,socialequity,andenvironmentalstewardship.Proponentsarguethattruesustainabilityrequiresafundamentalshiftinhowsocietiesproduceandconsumegoods,movingawayfromlinearmodelsofextraction,production,anddisposaltowardscirculareconomiesthatemphasizereuse,repair,andrecycling.Implementingsustainablepractices,however,facesnumerouschallenges.Economicinterestsoftenclashwithenvironmentalgoals,asshort-termprofitscanbeprioritizedoverlong-termecologicalhealth.Additionally,consumerhabitsrootedinplannedobsolescenceanddisposablecultureposesignificantobstacles.Overcomingthesechallengesnecessitatesamulti-facetedapproachinvolvinggovernmentpolicies,corporateresponsibility,andindividualaction.Policiessuchascarbontaxes,subsidiesforrenewableenergy,andregulationsonwastemanagementcanincentivizesustainablechoices.Companiesmustembracecorporatesocialresponsibilitybydesigningproductsforlongevityandrecyclability.Individuals,too,havearoletoplaythroughconsciousconsumptionandadoptionofsustainablelifestyles.Criticsofthesustainabilitymovementarguethatitsgoalsaretooidealisticandimpracticalforthecurrentglobaleconomicsystem.Theycontendthatstringentenvironmentalregulationscouldstifleinnovationandhindereconomicgrowth.Moreover,thetransitiontosustainablepracticesmaydisproportionatelyaffectdevelopingnations,potentiallyexacerbatingglobalinequalities.Addressingtheseconcernsrequirescarefulpolicydesignthatbalancesenvironmentalprotectionwitheconomicdevelopmentandsocialjustice.Itiscrucialtoensurethatthepathtosustainabilityisinclusiveandequitable,benefitingallmembersofsociety.Questions:1.Whatistheprimarycharacteristicofacirculareconomyasdescribedinthepassage?2.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeofthechallengesinimplementingsustainablepractices?3.Whatroledoindividualsplayinachievingsustainabilityasmentionedinthepassage?4.Whatconcernsdocriticshaveregardingthesustainabilitymovement?Passage2Therapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)hassparkedbothexcitementandapprehensioninvarioussectorsofsociety.WhileAIholdsimmensepotentialtoenhanceproductivity,improvehealthcare,andtransformtransportation,italsoraisesethicalconcernsregardingprivacy,jobdisplacement,andthepotentialformisuse.UnderstandingthesedualimplicationsiscrucialforharnessingthebenefitsofAIwhilemitigatingitsrisks.OneofthemostsignificantbenefitsofAIisitsabilitytoprocessvastamountsofdataatspeedsunattainablebyhumanbeings.Thiscapabilityhastransformativeapplicationsinhealthcare,whereAIalgorithmscanassistindiagnosingdiseases,personalizingtreatmentplans,andpredictingpatientoutcomes.Intherealmoftransportation,AI-poweredsystemsarebeingdevelopedtooptimizetrafficflow,reduceaccidents,andenableautonomousvehicles.Theseadvancementshavethepotentialtosignificantlyimprovequalityoflifeandeconomicefficiency.Despitetheseadvantages,AIalsoposessubstantialchallenges.Privacyconcernsloomlarge,asAIsystemsoftenrelyonlargedatasetsthatincludesensitivepersonalinformation.Thereisariskthatthisdatacouldbemisusedorexploitedifnotproperlyprotected.Jobdisplacementisanothermajorconcern,asAIautomationcouldrendercertainjobsobsolete,leadingtounemploymentandeconomicdisruption.Additionally,thepotentialforAItobeusedformaliciouspurposes,suchasautonomousweaponsordeepfakes,cannotbeignored.Addressingthesechallengesrequiresacombinationoftechnicalsolutions,regulatoryframeworks,andethicalguidelines.Questions:5.WhatisthemainargumentofthepassageregardingAI?6.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeofthepotentialbenefitsofAIinhealthcareandtransportation?7.WhatprivacyconcernsareassociatedwithAIsystemsasmentionedinthepassage?8.WhatpotentialrisksdoesthepassagehighlightregardingtheuseofAI?Passage3Theglobaleducationsystemhasbeenundergoingasignificanttransformationinrecentyears,drivenbytechnologicaladvancementsandchangingsocietalneeds.Traditionalclassroom-basedlearningisbeingsupplemented,andinsomecasesreplaced,byonlineandblendedlearningmodels.ThisshifthasbeenacceleratedbytheCOVID-19pandemic,whichforcededucationalinstitutionstorapidlyadoptremoteteachingmethods.Whilethistransformationoffersnumerousopportunities,italsopresentsseveralchallengesthatneedtobeaddressedtoensureequitableandeffectiveeducationforall.Oneofthekeyadvantagesofdigitallearningisitsflexibilityandaccessibility.Studentscanaccesseducationalresourcesfromanywhereatanytime,whichisparticularlybeneficialforthoseinremoteorunderservedareas.Onlineplatformsalsoofferpersonalizedlearningexperiences,allowingstudentstolearnattheirownpaceandfocusonareaswheretheyneedadditionalsupport.Furthermore,digitallearningcanfacilitatecollaborativelearning,asstudentscaneasilyworktogetheronprojectsandshareideas.However,thetransitiontodigitallearninghasnotbeenwithoutitschallenges.Thedigitaldivideremainsasignificantbarrier,asnotallstudentshaveequalaccesstothenecessarytechnologyandinternetconnectivity.Thiscanexacerbateexistingeducationalinequalities.Additionally,onlinelearningrequiresahighlevelofself-disciplineanddigitalliteracy,whichcanbedifficultforsomestudentstodevelop.Educatorsalsofacechallengesinadaptingtheirteachingmethodstotheonlineenvironmentandensuringthatstudentsremainengagedandmotivated.Questions:9.Whathasbeentheprimarydriverofthetransformationintheglobaleducationsystem?10.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeoftheadvantagesofdigitallearning?11.Whatisthedigitaldivideasmentionedinthepassage?12.Whatchallengesdoeducatorsfaceintransitioningtoonlinelearning?Passage4Culturalheritageencompassesthetangibleandintangibleaspectsofasociety'shistory,traditions,andartisticexpressions.Itincludeshistoricalbuildings,monuments,artifacts,aswellasintangibleelementssuchaslanguages,customs,andperformingarts.Preservingculturalheritageisessentialformaintainingasociety'sidentityandpassingitontofuturegenerations.However,thepreservationofculturalheritagefacesnumerousthreats,bothnaturalandhuman-made,necessitatingconcertedeffortstoprotectandconservetheseinvaluableresources.Naturaldisasterssuchasearthquakes,floods,andfirescancausesignificantdamagetoculturalheritagesites.Climatechangeexacerbatestheserisksbyincreasingthefrequencyandintensityofextremeweatherevents.Humanactivities,suchasurbandevelopment,pollution,andlooting,alsoposeseriousthreats.Illegaltradeinculturalartifactsisaparticularlypressingissue,asitnotonlyresultsinthelossofvaluableheritagebutalsounderminesculturaldiversity.Effortstopreserveculturalheritagerequireamulti-facetedapproachinvolvinggovernments,NGOs,localcommunities,andtheinternationalcommunity.Governmentsplayacrucialroleinenactinglegislationtoprotectculturalheritagesitesandestablishingagenciesdedicatedtotheirconservation.NGOsandlocalcommunitiescancontributebyraisingawareness,conductingrestorationwork,andinvolvingcommunitiesinpreservationefforts.Internationalcooperationisalsoessential,asmanyculturalheritagesitestranscendnationalboundariesandrequirecollaborativeeffortstoprotect.Questions:13.Whatisthesignificanceofpreservingculturalheritageasmentionedinthepassage?14.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeofthethreatstoculturalheritage?15.Whatroledogovernmentsplayinpreservingculturalheritage?16.Whyisinternationalcooperationimportantinculturalheritagepreservation?PartBTranslationDirection:PutthefollowingpassageintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.Therapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnologyhasbroughtaboutprofoundchangesinourlives,makingtheworldmoreinterconnectedandaccessiblethaneverbefore.However,thisprogressalsoraisesethicalquestionsthatdemandcarefulconsideration.Itiscrucialtostrikeabalancebetweenthepursuitofscientificadvancementandthepreservationofhumanvalues.Wemustensurethattechnologicalinnovationsareusedforthebettermentofhumanity,ratherthancausingharm.Thisrequiresacollectiveefforttofosteracultureofresponsibilityandethicalawarenessinthescientificcommunityandsocietyatlarge.Onlybydoingsocanweharnessthefullpotentialofscienceandtechnologywhileminimizingitsrisks.試卷答案PartAReadingComprehensionPassage11.C2.A,B,C3.D4.BQuestionsandAnalysis:1.Whatistheprimarycharacteristicofacirculareconomyasdescribedinthepassage?*Analysis:Thepassagedescribescirculareconomieswithphraseslike"movingawayfromlinearmodelsofextraction,production,anddisposaltowardscirculareconomiesthatemphasizereuse,repair,andrecycling."Thecorecharacteristichighlightedistheemphasisonreuse,repair,andrecycling,contrastingwiththelinearmodel.OptionCwouldlikelyfocusontheseprinciples.2.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeofthechallengesinimplementingsustainablepractices?*Analysis:Thepassagementions"Economicinterestsoftenclashwithenvironmentalgoals,""consumerhabitsrootedinplannedobsolescenceanddisposablecultureposesignificantobstacles,"and"Overcomingthesechallengesnecessitatesamulti-facetedapproachinvolvinggovernmentpolicies,corporateresponsibility,andindividualaction."Thisindicateseconomicinterests,consumerhabits,andtheneedforamulti-facetedapproacharechallenges.OptionAwouldlikelysummarizethesepoints.3.Whatroledoindividualsplayinachievingsustainabilityasmentionedinthepassage?*Analysis:Thepassagestates,"Individuals,too,havearoletoplaythroughconsciousconsumptionandadoptionofsustainablelifestyles."Thisdirectlypointstoconsciousconsumptionandsustainablelifestylesastheroleofindividuals.OptionDwouldreflectthis.4.Whatconcernsdocriticshaveregardingthesustainabilitymovement?*Analysis:Thepassagequotescriticssaying,"stringentenvironmentalregulationscouldstifleinnovationandhindereconomicgrowth.Moreover,thetransitiontosustainablepracticesmaydisproportionatelyaffectdevelopingnations,potentiallyexacerbatingglobalinequalities."Thisindicatesconcernsabouteconomicimpact,innovation,andglobalinequality.OptionBwouldlikelycapturetheseconcerns.Passage25.B6.A,C7.A8.B,C,DQuestionsandAnalysis:5.WhatisthemainargumentofthepassageregardingAI?*Analysis:ThepassagediscussesboththebenefitsandrisksofAI("WhileAIholdsimmensepotential...italsoraisesethicalconcerns...").ThemainargumentisthedualityofAI,presentingbothpositiveaspectsandnegativeimplications.OptionBwouldlikelysummarizethisbalance.6.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeofthepotentialbenefitsofAIinhealthcareandtransportation?*Analysis:ThepassagementionsAIassistingin"diagnosingdiseases,personalizingtreatmentplans,andpredictingpatientoutcomes"inhealthcare,andAI-poweredsystemsfor"optimizingtrafficflow,reduceaccidents,andenableautonomousvehicles"intransportation.Benefitsincludeimproveddiagnosticsandtreatmentinhealthcare,andoptimizedtrafficandsafertransport.OptionAwouldlikelycovertheseareas.7.WhatprivacyconcernsareassociatedwithAIsystemsasmentionedinthepassage?*Analysis:Thepassagestates,"Thereisariskthatthisdata[personalinformationinlargedatasets]couldbemisusedorexploitedifnotproperlyprotected."ThishighlightstheconcernaboutthemisuseorexploitationofpersonaldatacollectedbyAIsystems.OptionAwouldreflectthis.8.WhatpotentialrisksdoesthepassagehighlightregardingtheuseofAI?*Analysis:Thepassagementionsjobdisplacement("AIautomationcouldrendercertainjobsobsolete"),thepotentialformisuse("AItobeusedformaliciouspurposes,suchasautonomousweaponsordeepfakes"),andprivacyconcerns(alreadyanalyzed).OptionBcoversjobdisplacement,Ccoversmisuse,andDcoversprivacy.OptionBisthemostcomprehensivesummaryoftheriskslisted.Passage39.C10.A,B11.A12.BQuestionsandAnalysis:9.Whathasbeentheprimarydriverofthetransformationintheglobaleducationsystem?*Analysis:Thepassageexplicitlystates,"ThisshifthasbeenacceleratedbytheCOVID-19pandemic,whichforcededucationalinstitutionstorapidlyadoptremoteteachingmethods."Whiletechnologicaladvancementsarementioned,thepandemicisdescribedastheprimaryaccelerator.OptionCwouldlikelypointtothepandemic.10.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeoftheadvantagesofdigitallearning?*Analysis:Thepassagementionsadvantageslike"flexibilityandaccessibility,""personalizedlearningexperiences,"and"facilitatecollaborativelearning."Thesepointsrelatetoflexibility,personalization,andcollaboration.OptionAwouldlikelycoverthesebenefits.11.Whatisthedigitaldivideasmentionedinthepassage?*Analysis:Thepassagedefinesitas,"notallstudentshaveequalaccesstothenecessarytechnologyandinternetconnectivity."Thisdirectlystatesthelackofequalaccesstotechnologyandinternetasthedigitaldivide.OptionAwouldreflectthisdefinition.12.Whatchallengesdoeducatorsfaceintransitioningtoonlinelearning?*Analysis:Thepassagementionseducatorsfacechallengesin"adaptingtheirteachingmethodstotheonlineenvironmentandensuringthatstudentsremainengagedandmotivated."Thispointstoadaptingmethodsandmaintainingstudentengagementaschallenges.OptionBwouldsummarizetheseeducatorchallenges.Passage413.D14.A,B,C15.A16.CQuestionsandAnalysis:13.Whatisthesignificanceofpreservingculturalheritageasmentionedinthepassage?*Analysis:Thepassagestates,"Preservingculturalheritageisessentialformaintainingasociety'sidentityandpassingitontofuturegenerations."Thishighlightsmaintainingidentityandpassingitonasthesignificance.OptionDwouldlikelycapturethis.14.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeofthethreatstoculturalheritage?*Analysis:Thepassagementionsthreatsfrom"naturaldisasterssuchasearthquakes,floods,andfires,""climatechange,""urbandevelopment,pollution,andlooting,"andillegaltrade