詞匯講解選擇性必修一

Unit2Lookingintothefuture重難點(diǎn)詞精講distant&constant&instant

詞根一詞多義secure&security一詞多義形容詞動(dòng)詞化persuade一詞多義搭配義switch英語(yǔ)釋義搭配義critical一詞多義potential&potentially熟詞生義available英語(yǔ)釋義command一詞多義nov詞根1.

persuade

生活中有的時(shí)候我們不得不試圖說(shuō)服別人。比如，你可能要說(shuō)服朋友一起去看你最喜歡的電影，或是說(shuō)服父母給你買某樣?xùn)|西。勸說(shuō)是一門藝術(shù)，需要的不僅僅是口若懸河。你認(rèn)為應(yīng)該如何勸說(shuō)別人呢？Wecan’tforcesomeonetodowhattheydon’twant.Theartofpersuasionistogetthemtowantwhatyouwant.

說(shuō)服；勸服

(talkinto)：Asaconsumer,sheisalwayseasilypersuadedbylimited-timeoffers.persuade

sb

todo

sth:Thesaleswomanpersuadedmetobuythemoreexpensivemodel.

persuade

sb

into

(doing)sth:

Hepersuadedmeintoapplyingforthejobathiscompany.persuade

sb

outof

(doing)sth:Thepolicepersuadedthemanoutofjumpingoffthebuilding.persuade

vt注：表示“勸說(shuō)”，但不一定“勸服”時(shí)，用trytopersuade。Shewouldtryto

persuade

localbusinessleaderstocontributemoneytothecause.

2017北京改

使相信；使信服(convince)：persuadesbofsth:Hebecamepersuadedofhersincerityaftertheirlongconversation.persuadesb+that

從句:Wepersuadedtheclientthatourapproachwasthemostcost-effective.persuadesb后接that從句，sb不能省略persuade

vt【詞匯拓展】persuasion

n[U]說(shuō)服

Ittookalotofpersuasiontogethimtochangehismind.persuasive

adj

有說(shuō)服力的

Shehasawarmandpersuasivemannerthatputspeopleatease.1.Ipersuadedmysister__________(study)abroadnextyear.2.Shetried_____________(persuade)meoutofmydecisiontoquitthejob.3.Hetriedtopersuadehisparents_________(buy)himanewbike,buthefailed.4.Shetriedtopersuademeinto________(make)mydecisiontoacceptthejob.5.Thelawyer’sclosingargumentwasso____________(persuade)thatthejuryreachedaverdictinunderanhour.6.Asasalesmanager,sheisincredibly____________(persuade);shecanconvinceanyonetobuyherproducts.7.Aftermuch____________(persuade),Ifinallytalkedmyfriendintojoiningthegymwithme.即學(xué)即練tostudytopersuadetobuymakingpersuasivepersuasivepersuasionpersuadetalkintoconvince說(shuō)服；勸服使相信；使信服程度遞進(jìn)persuade

語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖開燈、關(guān)燈你會(huì)表達(dá)嗎？開燈

__________________thelight關(guān)燈

__________________thelightturnonturnoff開、關(guān)電視如何表達(dá)？開電視__________________theTV關(guān)電視__________________theTVturnonturnoff詞匯科普：早期的電器的開關(guān)鈕其實(shí)是旋轉(zhuǎn)開關(guān),多用turn,而現(xiàn)在都是平面開關(guān)，多用switch。2.switch/switchon/switchoff/switchon

/switchoffn[C]

開關(guān)；電閘：

Thechildisoldenoughto

turnon/offthe

lightswitch

himself.

驟變；突變vt&vi

改變；轉(zhuǎn)變tochangefromonethingtoanother：

Heswitchedtheconversationfromonesubjecttoanother.

交換；調(diào)換to

exchangeonethingforanother：

Thetwinsoftenswitchplaceswitheachothertoplaytricksontheirteachers.強(qiáng)調(diào)“變”，重在change，常和from,to搭配強(qiáng)調(diào)“換”，重在exchangesthforsthelseswitch

名詞動(dòng)詞化switchoff

關(guān)上（電燈、電視等）；[非正式用語(yǔ)]

不聽；不理睬：

Haveyoueverforgottento

switchoff

theTVorcomputer?人教新選必①–2Thedevicewillautomaticallyswitchoffafter10minutesofinactivity.ThelecturewassoboringthatIjustswitchedoff(走神)afterthefirsttenminutes.switchon

打開（電燈、電視等）：

It’sgettingdark.Couldyouswitchonthelight,please?switchover

改變；轉(zhuǎn)換：

We’veswitchedovertostreaming(流媒體)services;wedon’thavecableTVanymore.同義異構(gòu)：turnon同義異構(gòu)：turnoff

switch

語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖

n

開關(guān)（基本義）強(qiáng)調(diào)“變”v

扳動(dòng)開關(guān)名詞動(dòng)化由開到關(guān)，由關(guān)到開，狀態(tài)瞬間發(fā)生徹底改變由具象到抽象

switch強(qiáng)調(diào)“換”驟變；突變改變；轉(zhuǎn)變交換；調(diào)換3.

distantadj.Sothefurthestdistanceintheworldisnotintwodistanttrees.Itisthesamerootedbranchesbutcan’tdependoneachotherinthewind.所以世界上最遠(yuǎn)的距離不是樹與樹的距離而是同根生長(zhǎng)的樹枝卻無(wú)法在風(fēng)中相依

——出自《世界上最遙遠(yuǎn)的距離》拉賓德拉納特·泰戈?duì)?RabindranathTagore，1861—1941)，印度詩(shī)人、文學(xué)家。代表作有《飛鳥集》(StrayBirds)、《新月集》(TheCrescentMoon)等。di-（=dis-,apart分離）+st（tostand站立）+-ant（形容詞后綴）→分開站立的→遙遠(yuǎn)的（基本義）同根詞：constant:con-（表示強(qiáng)調(diào)）+

st（tostand站立）+-ant（形容詞后綴）→始終站立的→不變的instant:

in-（into進(jìn)入）+st（tostand站立）+-ant（形容詞后綴）→站在附近的，緊急待命的→立即的?

遙遠(yuǎn)的；遠(yuǎn)處的；久遠(yuǎn)的：

Thepainofthatfailureisnowadistantmemory,andI’mreadytotryagain.Theserocksprovedthatatonetimeinthe

distant

past

theAntarcticwascoveredbyplants.?

疏遠(yuǎn)的；冷淡的：

TherewasacoldanddistantlookinhiseyesthatIhadneverseenbefore.?

[只用于名詞前]遠(yuǎn)親的

反close：

She’snotmysister;she’sjustadistant

cousin/relativefrommymother’sside.distant

adjdistant

語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖distant“遙遠(yuǎn)的”基本義人和人之間關(guān)系“遙遠(yuǎn)的”親戚關(guān)系/血緣關(guān)系“遙遠(yuǎn)的”距離、時(shí)間“遙遠(yuǎn)的”遠(yuǎn)親的遙遠(yuǎn)的；遠(yuǎn)處的；久遠(yuǎn)的疏遠(yuǎn)的；冷淡的4.secure我們平時(shí)坐地鐵或火車時(shí)，都需要過(guò)安檢。那么“安檢”一詞怎么表達(dá)呢？

安心的；有把握的：

Shefelt

securewhenshewaswithherfamily.

安全的

(safe)；穩(wěn)妥的；可靠的：a

secure

job/income

牢固的；堅(jiān)固的；穩(wěn)固的：

Checkthatallwindowsanddoorsaresecure.

Keepyourpassportinasecure

place.

secure

adjse-(without沒(méi)有)+cure(tocare關(guān)心)→不需要關(guān)心的→安心的安心的secure

（基本義）安心的；有把握的事情使人感到“安心的”人對(duì)境況感到“安心的”牢固的；堅(jiān)固的；穩(wěn)固的secure語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖物體處于固定狀態(tài)讓人感到“安心的”安全的；穩(wěn)妥的；可靠的

使安全；保衛(wèi)；獲得：

Worryingaboutcommunitysafety,Iprefertosecuremyhousewithnewtechnology.2013廣東

使……固定：

Hesecuredtheropefirmlybetweentwotreestohangwettowelsandclothesafterswimming.Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirtandweightingthesheet’sdownwitharock.2017全國(guó)

vt形容詞動(dòng)詞化secure

動(dòng)詞釋義來(lái)源于形容詞，其詞源義及基本義為“tomakesafe”，即“使安全”。太陽(yáng)能蒸餾器冷凝植物(總稱)security

n

[U]

安全：Astrongfamilybondprovideschildrenwithanessentialsenseof

security.

[U]安全工作；保安措施：

Thereisanongoingdebateabouttheuseoffacialrecognitiontechnologyinpublicsecuritycameras.

Youhavetostayawayfromthepaintingfor

security

reasons.2012

重慶改

[U]擔(dān)保；保障；[U]&[C]抵押品：

Losinghisjobsuddenlythreatenedhisfamily’sfinancial

security.

看圖猜詞securitycheck安檢securityguard保安人員adj［常用于名詞前］立刻的；馬上的(immediate)；即食的：WeChatisanindispensableinstantmessengerfordailylifeandworkinChina.Inacrisis,peopleneedaninstantreply.Whichdoyouwanttohave,instantcoffeeornoodles?n[C]［常用單數(shù)］瞬間；片刻(moment)：Shehesitatedforan

instantbeforeansweringthedifficultquestion.Withmodernfooddeliveryapps,ahotmealcanbeatyourdoorinaninstant.theinstant(that)

一……就：Theinstant(=Assoonas)shestoppedaskingquestions,Igotupandwentoutoftheroom.instantly

adv

立即；馬上(immediately)5.instant6.

commandcom-(completely完全)+mand(命令)→命令command

vt

指揮；命令：

Inthechaoticmeeting,thechairwomanpoundedthegavelandcommandedsilence.①commandsbtodosth:

Thejudgecommandedthewitnesstoanswerthequestion.

②command+that...(should)dosth:

MybosscommandedthatI(should)prepareareportimmediately.

獲得；贏得：

LargefootballclubsbenefitfinanciallyfromTVincomeandthetopplayerscancommandverylargesalaries.2011江西

command

n

[C]命令anorderthatshouldbeobeyed：

Withoutquestion,asoldiershouldobeycommandsfromsuperiorofficers.

[U]指揮；控制thecontrolofagroupofpeopleorasituation：

ThemeetingwasgoingnowhereuntilSarahtookcommandoftheconversation.

Thecaptainandtheentirecrewunderhiscommandfacedthestormbravely.

[U]［常用單數(shù)］（尤指對(duì)語(yǔ)言的）掌握；運(yùn)用能力theknowledgeofsthorabilitytousesth,especiallyalanguage：

Ihavesuchagoodcommandof

EnglishthatIamelectedasassistanttomyEnglishteacher.2015陜西書面表達(dá)

[C]（計(jì)算機(jī)的）指令【詞匯拓展】commander

n[C]

司令官；指揮官；海軍中校7.

constant

adj

固定的；不變的：

Thissmartthermostatisdesignedtokeepyourhomeataconstanttemperature.Thechemicalreactionmustbemaintainedataconstanttemperature.

［常用于名詞前］不停的；連續(xù)不斷的；持續(xù)的：Aconstantdroppingwearsawayastone.(水滴石穿)Thevictimsoftheseverecarcrashallneededconstantmedicalattentionduetotheircriticalinjuries.【詞匯拓展】constantly

adv

經(jīng)常地；不斷地

Myneighbor’sdogconstantlybarks,whichdrivesmecrazy.crit(tojudge判斷)+-ic(名詞后綴)+-al(形容詞后綴)→愛作判斷的→批判的；挑剔的critical

adj

批判的；挑剔的：Studentsareencouragedtodevelopcriticalthinkinginsteadofacceptingeverythingtheyaretoldwithoutquestioningit.

嚴(yán)重的；危急的：Smarttoiletswillwarnyouearlyonifthereissomethingabnormalorifyouhaveacriticalillness.人教新選必①–2

緊要的；關(guān)鍵的extremelyimportant：Thefirst24hoursaftertheoperationarethemostcritical.Thesepeacefultalksarecritical

to

thefutureofthedisputeprocess.

8.

critical

【溫故知新】criticize

v.

批評(píng)、指責(zé)

Manypeoplecriticizethegovernment’snewpolicyasbeingunfair.criticismn.批評(píng)、指責(zé)Ihopeyoucantakethisasconstructivecriticismmeanttohelpyouimprove.criticn.批評(píng)家、評(píng)論員Hehasbeenavocalcriticofthegovernment’seducationpolicyforyears.critically

adv.

嚴(yán)重地、很大程度上

Theearthquakevictimwascriticallyinjuredandrushedintoemergencysurgery.你不能選擇你的潛能，但你可以選擇去發(fā)揮潛能。——西奧多·羅斯福9.potential西奧多·羅斯福（TheodoreRoosevelt，1858—1919），人稱老羅斯福，荷蘭裔美國(guó)軍事家、政治家、外交家，第26任美國(guó)總統(tǒng)，是美國(guó)歷史上最年輕的在任總統(tǒng)。羅斯福因成功地調(diào)停了日俄戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)，獲得1906年的諾貝爾和平獎(jiǎng)。他是第一個(gè)獲得此獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)的美國(guó)人。adj［只用于名詞前］可能的(possible)；潛在的likelytobecomeaparticulartypeofpersonorthinginthefuture：Thecoastalcityfacesapotentialdisasterifthehurricanechangescourse.Weusesocialmediatoreachabroaderaudienceofpotentialresources/customers.n[U]潛能；可能性：Haveyouachieved/fulfilled/reachedyour(full)

potential?Withoutmorefunding,theprojectdoesnothavethepotentialtosucceed.potentially

adv

潛在地；可能地Thedarkcloudspotentiallyindicateacomingstorm.potential10.available看圖猜釋義available

adj

可用的；可得到的abletobeusedorcaneasilybeboughtorfound：

[不用于名詞前]（人）有空的(ofaperson)freetobeseen,talkedto,etc.：Therearenoroomsavailablefortonight;thehotelisfullybooked.Withalltheinformationavailable,wedecidedtoinvestinthenewproject.Inthe1940s,electricitywasavailable

to

peopleinalmostallareasoftheUnitedStates.2011

安徽改Therewillbefourbasketballcourtsavailablefor

ourusewithoneteacherwatchingovereachgame.2010

福建Iwouldhavegonetomycousin’sbirthdaypartylastnight,butIwasnotavailable.2013

安徽availability

n[U]

可獲得性；可用/得到的人或物詞匯拓展?jié)h語(yǔ)中很難找到精準(zhǔn)的詞對(duì)應(yīng)，需借助英語(yǔ)釋義來(lái)理解重難點(diǎn)詞精講occupation辨析義emphasis搭配義absence搭配義resist&resistancepredict&prediction搭配義combine一詞多義一詞多義正式用語(yǔ)與非正式用語(yǔ)nov詞根prospect一詞多義combine

v

vi&vt（使）結(jié)合；（使）組合：Thesuccessofournewproductprovesthattheorymustbecombinedwithpractice.Theideaofgardencitywastocombinethebestoftownandcountryinanewkindofsettlement.2011江西改11.

combine詞源解讀com-(together一起)+bine(twobytwo二)

基本義是“使兩者合在一起”。

vi&vt（使）化合；（使）混合：Asweallknow,steelisproducedbycombiningironwithcarbon.combine既可以指物理屬性發(fā)生變化的化合又可指物理屬性未發(fā)生變化的混合。combine語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖combine合在一起（基本義）（使）化合；（使）混合（使）結(jié)合；（使）組合（使）抽象的事物“合在一起”（使）具體的物質(zhì)“合在一起”兼?zhèn)浒褍杉蛞陨系氖隆昂显谝黄稹卑褍蓚€(gè)或多個(gè)特點(diǎn)“合在一起”兼顧

vt兼?zhèn)洌患骖櫍篐isteachingmethodcombinestraditionaltechniquesandmoderntechnology.LikehermotherMarieCurie,Irenecombinedfamilyandcareer.【詞匯拓展】combination

n

[C]結(jié)合（體）；聯(lián)合（體）；混合12.

predictpre-（before前、先）+

dict（tosay說(shuō)）→事先說(shuō)→預(yù)言同根詞：indicate:in-（towards對(duì)）+dic（tosay說(shuō)）+-ate（動(dòng)詞后綴）→針對(duì)某事說(shuō)清楚→指示；指出dictionary:dict（tosay說(shuō)）+-ion（名詞后綴：表示行為）

+-ary（名詞后綴：……之物）→說(shuō)話或措辭用書→詞典vt&預(yù)言；預(yù)計(jì)(forecast)：

It’shardtopredicttomorrow’sweatherexactly.①

predict

+(that)/wh-從句:Populationexpertspredictasignificantagingofthepopulationinmanycountries.It’shardtopredictthelong-termeffectsofthisnewpolicyonsociety.

②

itis

predicted

+that從句:ItwaspredictedthatAIwilltransformmanyindustriesinthenextdecade.

predictable

adj

可預(yù)見的；可預(yù)料的prediction

n[C]&[U]預(yù)言；預(yù)測(cè)：It’sdifficulttomakeaccuratepredictionsabouttheeffectsontheenvironment.人教新選必①–213.

occupation(n.)

提到職業(yè)，你能想到哪些單詞？job,work,career,occupation

…都有什么區(qū)別？

[U]占領(lǐng)；居?。篴countryunderoccupation

thewildlifeinoccupationof

theisland

[C]工作；職業(yè)：Whatdoyouimaginewillbeyourfutureoccupation?occupation指某人通常從事的“工作”“職業(yè)”，是正式用語(yǔ)，常用于正式文體或表格中。Theapplicant

isrequiredtostatehisname,age,andoccupationontheform.work尤指目的是掙錢的工作、職業(yè)。ThoughIhadalotofexperience,Icouldnotfindsatisfyingwork.career指生涯、職業(yè)。Shefullyintendstocontinuehersportingcareeronceshehasrecoveredfromherinjuries.profession指需要專門技能（尤其是較高教育水平）的職業(yè)、專業(yè)。Whenhegraduatedfromcollege,hewantedtoenterthemedicalprofession.trade指行業(yè)，尤指手工職業(yè)、工藝、行當(dāng)。Askilledtradecanoffersecure（穩(wěn)定的）employment,evenintheworsteconomictimes.job指工作、職位，是可數(shù)名詞。Inthisdayandage,womencanhavechildrenandjobsaswell.析辨14.

absence缺課absenceofschool看圖猜詞心不在焉absenceofmindabsence

n反義詞

presence

[C]&[U]缺席；不在：

Hewaseagertobebackaftermorethanaweek’sabsencefrom

school.

[U]缺乏：

Herabsenceofmind

duringdrivingnearlycausedanaccident.

in/duringsb’sabsence

在某人不在時(shí)：

InhisabsenceIlookedtoseewhatwasonhisdesk.intheabsenceof

在缺乏……的情況下：

Intheabsenceofgraywolves,thedeerpopulationgrewquickly.2017全國(guó)改15.emphasis

n[C]&[U](pl

emphases)(stress)

強(qiáng)調(diào)；重視：

Theyputemphasison

qualityratherthanonquantity.

重讀；重音；加重語(yǔ)氣：

Theemphasisshouldbeonthefirstsyllable.Shesaidwithemphasis

thathewasinnocent.emphasize/emphasisevt

強(qiáng)調(diào)；著重；重讀(stress)：

I’djustliketoemphasizehowimportantitisforpeopletolearnforeignlanguages.

emphasizethethirdwordprospect

n

[U]可能性；預(yù)期；設(shè)想：

Shewasoverjoyedattheprospectof

visiting

Paris.

[C]［用復(fù)數(shù)］前景；前途：

job/careerprospects

[C]［正式用語(yǔ)］視野；景色：

adelightfulprospectofthelakepro-(forward向前)+spect(lookat看)→向前看到的事物（基本義）詞源解讀16.

prospect向前看到的事物（基本義）prospect可能性；預(yù)期；設(shè)想前景；前途向前看到的未來(lái)成就向前看到的某事發(fā)生的可能性prospect

語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖視野；景色向前看到的景色spect

詞根記詞匯expect

v預(yù)料；期望ex-

向外

+

(s)pect

→向外看→預(yù)料；期望respect

v

尊重；