高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1山東省日照市2024-2025學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期中校際聯(lián)合考試英語試題第一部分聽力（略）第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheEllieMaxwellAwardBackgroundEllieMaxwellwasaninspiringyoungwomanwhoseshortlifewasdedicatedtohelpingchildrenaffectedbywar.AsastudentattheUniversityofEdinburgh,sheworkedasanaidworkerinBosniaafterthe1990scivilwar.Shebelievedsharedcreativeactivitiesandglobalconnectionscouldeasetensions.ThisvisionledhertofoundFirefly,anorganizationsupportingchildrenwhoseliveshavebeenaffectedbywarthroughintegration,education,andmentoring.Tohonorherlegacyandcelebratestudent-ledcharitywork,Ellie’sfamilyandthetrusteesestablishedtheEllieMaxwellAward.Theawardwaslaunchedin2019atFirefly’s20thanniversarycelebrations.AwardedannuallythroughEdinburghUniversity,itisfundedbytheMaxwellFamilyandfriendstoencourageandsupportanEdinburgh-basedstudentorgroupofstudentswhohavehelpedpromotesocialchangeandinclusivitywiththeirproject.Whatistheprize?Theprizeconsistsof￡1,000ofseedfundingforyourcharity,operationalsupport,andayearofinstructionfromtheFireflyInternational.Whoiseligibleforthisaward?●Undergraduateandtaughtpostgraduatestudents,aged17-30,studyingatUniversityofEdinburgh.Distancelearningstudentsarewelcometoapply.●Yourprojecthasbeenrunningforonetotwoyearsandtherehasbeensomeevidenceofmeaningfulimpactandsocialchange.Thereisalsosomeearlyevidenceofsustainabilitytobuildupon.●Projectfocusisonsocialchange,promotingtoleranceandinclusion.●ProjectscouldbeworkinginthefieldofHumanRights,theenvironment,childrenprotection,genderequality,educationoranyotherworkwhichpromotestoleranceandinclusion.1.WhatdoweknowabouttheEllieMaxwellAward?A.Itencouragesinnovativeteamwork. B.Itadvocatesstudents’charitableefforts.C.ItisinspiredbyanaidworkerinBosnia. D.Itaimstosupportchildrenaffectedbywar.2.Whatarethewinnersexpectedtoget?A.MembershipoftheFireflyInternational.B.AdmissiontotheUniversityofEdinburgh.C.Financialassistanceandorganizationalaid.D.CharitydonationsandEllieMaxwellmedals.3.Whoarequalifiedfortheaward?A.Projectfundraisersaged30plus.B.Graduatesmajoringineducation.C.Professorspromotingtoleranceandinclusion.D.OnlinelearnersoftheUniversityofEdinburgh.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了埃莉·麥克斯韋爾獎的背景、設(shè)立目的、獎項(xiàng)內(nèi)容以及申請資格等相關(guān)信息?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Tohonorherlegacyandcelebratestudent-ledcharitywork,Ellie’sfamilyandthetrusteesestablishedtheEllieMaxwellAward.(為了紀(jì)念她的遺產(chǎn)并慶祝學(xué)生主導(dǎo)的慈善工作，埃莉的家人和受托人設(shè)立了埃莉·麥克斯韋爾獎。)”可知，埃莉·麥克斯韋爾獎倡導(dǎo)學(xué)生的慈善努力。故選B。【2題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Theprizeconsistsof￡1,000ofseedfundingforyourcharity,operationalsupport,andayearofinstructionfromtheFireflyInternational.(該獎項(xiàng)包括為你的慈善機(jī)構(gòu)提供1000英鎊的種子資金、運(yùn)營支持以及FireflyInternational為期一年的指導(dǎo)。)”可知，獲獎?wù)哳A(yù)計(jì)會得到資金援助和組織援助。故選C?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“●Undergraduateandtaughtpostgraduatestudents,aged17-30,studyingatUniversityofEdinburgh.Distancelearningstudentsarewelcometoapply.(●在愛丁堡大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的17-30歲的本科生和授課型研究生。歡迎遠(yuǎn)程學(xué)習(xí)學(xué)生申請。)”可知，愛丁堡大學(xué)的在線學(xué)習(xí)者有資格獲得該獎項(xiàng)。故選D。BSallySnowmanlovestobealone.AsthekeeperofBostonLight,acenturies-oldlighthouseonLittleBrewsterIslandinBostonHarbor,she’shadalotofpractice.Formostofthelast19years,she’slivedtherefromAprilthroughOctober.Shefillsthedayswithwork,cleaningthewindows,mowingthelawnandsweepingthestaircaseofthe90-footlighthousetower.Shereadsalotandhaswatchedalotofsunsets.Andsheenjoyseveryminute.“It’sarelieftobeoutontheisland,”Ms.Snowman,70,said.Whenshe’sbyherself,“thewheelsstopspinning.”Hertimealoneisrestorative.Butnoteveryonefeelsthesamewayaboutsolitude(獨(dú)處).Howwefeelabouttimealoneislargelydependentonwhetherwe’vechosenit,saidVirginiaThomas,anassistantprofessorofpsychologyatMiddleburyCollegewhostudiessolitude.“Peoplewhopursuesolitudeoftheirownfreewilltendtoreportthatitfeelsfull—likethey’refullofideasorthoughtsorthingstodo,”Dr.Thomassaid.Inthisway,it’sdistinctfromloneliness,anegativestateinwhichyou’redisconnectedfromotherpeopleanditfeelsempty.Thekeyistoseesolitudeasachoice,notapunishment.JennDrummond,amountaineerinParkCity,Utah,hasspentalotoftimealoneasshetrainstobecomethefirstwomantoclimbtheSevenSecondSummits,thesecondhighest—andgenerallymoredifficult—mountainsoneachcontinent.Ifshecatchesherself“gettingintoadullpattern,”sheremindsherselfthatshe’sincharge.“Lonelinessishappeningtome,”Ms.Drummond,41,said.“Solitudeishappeningforme.Thatlittleshiftmakesthebiggestdifference.”4.HowdoesSallySnowmanfeelabouthertimealone?A.It’scomforting. B.It’sdepressing. C.It’sboring. D.It’schallenging.5.WhichofthefollowingdoesDr.Thomasagreewith?A.Solitudehasapositiveeffect. B.Lonelinesskeepspeopleconnected.C.Solitudecausespeopletofeelempty. D.Lonelinessmakespeoplefeelpeaceful.6.Whichofthefollowingcanweinferfromthetext?A.Solitudeleadstoadullsocialpattern. B.Solitude’sbenefitisoverestimated.C.Solituderequirestrainingtobeenjoyed. D.Solitude’svalueliesinone’sview.7.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Toentertain. B.Toinstruct. C.Topersuade. D.Toadvertise.【答案】4.A5.A6.D7.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了不同人對獨(dú)處的不同感受及其背后的原因?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Andsheenjoyseveryminute.“It’sarelieftobeoutontheisland,”Ms.Snowman,70,said.Whenshe’sbyherself,“thewheelsstopspinning.”Hertimealoneisrestorative.(她享受每一分鐘?！澳軄淼竭@個島上真是一種解脫，”70歲的斯諾曼女士說。當(dāng)她獨(dú)自一人時，“車輪停止轉(zhuǎn)動?！彼?dú)處的時間是恢復(fù)精力的。)”可知，她認(rèn)為獨(dú)處是令人寬慰、使人放松的。故選A?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中““Peoplewhopursuesolitudeoftheirownfreewilltendtoreportthatitfeelsfull—likethey’refullofideasorthoughtsorthingstodo,”Dr.Thomassaid.Inthisway,it’sdistinctfromloneliness,anegativestateinwhichyou’redisconnectedfromotherpeopleanditfeelsempty.(Thomas博士說：“那些自愿追求獨(dú)處的人往往會覺得獨(dú)處讓他們感到充實(shí)——就像他們充滿了想法、思想或要做的事情一樣。”在這方面，它與孤獨(dú)是不同的，孤獨(dú)是一種消極的狀態(tài)，你與他人脫節(jié)，感到空虛。)”可知，Thomas博士同意獨(dú)處有積極的影響。故選A?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Howwefeelabouttimealoneislargelydependentonwhetherwe’vechosenit,saidVirginiaThomas,anassistantprofessorofpsychologyatMiddleburyCollegewhostudiessolitude.(研究獨(dú)處的米德爾伯里學(xué)院心理學(xué)助理教授VirginiaThomas表示，我們對獨(dú)處時光的感受在很大程度上取決于我們是否主動選擇了它。)”以及最后一段中“Thekeyistoseesolitudeasachoice,notapunishment.(關(guān)鍵是把獨(dú)處看作是一種選擇，而不是一種懲罰。)”和““Lonelinessishappeningtome,”Ms.Drummond,41,said.“Solitudeishappeningforme.Thatlittleshiftmakesthebiggestdifference.”(“孤獨(dú)降臨到我身上，”41歲的Drummond女士說?！蔼?dú)處是為了我。這種小小的轉(zhuǎn)變帶來了最大的不同。”)”可知，獨(dú)處的價值在于一個人的看法。故選D?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是根據(jù)第三段中“Howwefeelabouttimealoneislargelydependentonwhetherwe’vechosenit,saidVirginiaThomas,anassistantprofessorofpsychologyatMiddleburyCollegewhostudiessolitude.(研究獨(dú)處的米德爾伯里學(xué)院心理學(xué)助理教授VirginiaThomas表示，我們對獨(dú)處時光的感受在很大程度上取決于我們是否主動選擇了它。)”以及最后一段中“Thekeyistoseesolitudeasachoice,notapunishment.(關(guān)鍵是把獨(dú)處看作是一種選擇，而不是一種懲罰。)”和““Lonelinessishappeningtome,”Ms.Drummond,41,said.“Solitudeishappeningforme.Thatlittleshiftmakesthebiggestdifference.”(“孤獨(dú)降臨到我身上，”41歲的Drummond女士說?！蔼?dú)處是為了我。這種小小的轉(zhuǎn)變帶來了最大的不同。”)”可知，文章主要講述了不同人對獨(dú)處的不同感受及其背后的原因，可推知，文章的目的是為了指導(dǎo)人們?nèi)绾慰创?dú)處。故選B。CInthejungleofRome’sroads,thereisaninvasivespecies.Nativetothefairwaysbutnowracingaboutancientsquares,ithasmaderesidentsquiterestless.Hundredsofgolfcartsloadedwithtouristsracearoundthestreetsoftheeternalcity,annoyingtaxidrivers,blockingbuslanesandconfusingcityofficialswhocannotworkouthowtobanthem.“It’smadness—yougeteightornineofthemholdinguptrafficwhentheypullupattheBoccadellaVeritàwhereparkingisforbidden,”saidRome’stransportchief,EugenioPatanè.“Wewouldneedapoliceofficeroneverycornertostopthis.”Thecarts,whichoftencomewithadriverandarefavoredbyAmericanandBritishtourists,arethelatestevidenceofovertourisminRome.Despitemovingannoyinglyslowlyonthecity’sstreets,thecartsareabletoavoidplanstogetridofthembecauseofaloopholeinthelaw.Classifiedas“non-typicalvehicles”underArticle59oftheItalianHighwayCode,thegolfcartsmustberegisteredbytheiroperatorsatthetownhall,whichthenhas30daystoapprovetheiruse.Theproblem,saidPatanè,wasthatduringthat30-dayperiodthecartsareallowedtooperate.“Wehavehad33applicationsandrejectedallbutone,butattheendofthe30daystheysimplyapplyagainandgetanother30daysinwhichtheycanoperatebeforebeingrejectedagain,andsoon,”hesaid.SowhatisitliketodriveacartinRome?AmanbyadrinksstandintheVillaBorgheseparkputmebehindthewheelofafour-seaterfor€30anhour.“Wecannotkeepupwithdemand,”hesaid,“Touristsseethemonthestreetsandwantone.”O(jiān)nceonViadelTritone,thetrafficcametoastandstill.ThenIstudiedthecartaheadofmeinthetraffic,drivenbyatourguideandcarryingacouplewiththeirtwochildren.Boredbythetrafficjam,theystartedarguing.Ratherthanrushingfrommonumenttomonument,theyweregettingthetrueRomanexperience—losingtheircoolwhilestuckintraffic.8.Whatisthecityofficials’feelingaboutthecrazygolfcarts?A.Pride. B.Helplessness. C.Guilt. D.Thrill.9.WhatisaloopholeinItaly’strafficlawaccordingtothetext?A.Unclearapprovalstandard. B.Impropercartdesign.C.Confusingtrafficregulations. D.Unreasonableregistrationrules.10.Howdoestheauthorsoundinthelastparagraph?A.Humorous. B.Curious. C.Anxious. D.Serious.11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Touristsbenefitalotfrompopulargolfcarts.B.CrazygolfcartscauseRome’strafficproblems.C.TouristsarewelcomedbytheresidentsofRome.D.Italy’strafficmanagementfacesseverechallenges.【答案】8.B9.D10.A11.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了羅馬街頭高爾夫球車泛濫成災(zāi)，給城市交通帶來諸多問題，而相關(guān)法律漏洞又使得這一問題難以解決?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Hundredsofgolfcartsloadedwithtouristsracearoundthestreetsoftheeternalcity,annoyingtaxidrivers,blockingbuslanesandconfusingcityofficialswhocannotworkouthowtobanthem.(數(shù)百輛載有游客的高爾夫球車在永恒之城的街道上飛馳，惹惱了出租車司機(jī)，堵塞了公交車道，讓城市官員們困惑不已，他們不知道該如何禁止這些車輛。)”可知，城市官員對瘋狂的高爾夫球車感到無助，因?yàn)樗麄儾恢廊绾谓惯@些車輛。故選B?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Despitemovingannoyinglyslowlyonthecity’sstreets,thecartsareabletoavoidplanstogetridofthembecauseofaloopholeinthelaw.Classifiedas“non-typicalvehicles”underArticle59oftheItalianHighwayCode,thegolfcartsmustberegisteredbytheiroperatorsatthetownhall,whichthenhas30daystoapprovetheiruse.(盡管這些車輛在羅馬的街道上行駛得令人惱火地緩慢，但由于法律上的漏洞，它們能夠避開被淘汰的命運(yùn)。根據(jù)意大利公路法第59條，高爾夫球車被歸類為“非典型車輛”，必須由其運(yùn)營商在市政廳進(jìn)行注冊，市政廳有30天的時間來批準(zhǔn)其使用。)”和第四段“Theproblem,saidPatanè,wasthatduringthat30-dayperiodthecartsareallowedtooperate.(帕塔內(nèi)說，問題在于在那30天的審批期內(nèi)，這些車輛是可以運(yùn)營的。)”可知，意大利交通法中的漏洞是不合理的注冊規(guī)則，即高爾夫球車在注冊后的30天內(nèi)可以運(yùn)營，即使最終可能被拒絕。故選D?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“OnceonViadelTritone,thetrafficcametoastandstill.ThenIstudiedthecartaheadofmeinthetraffic,drivenbyatourguideandcarryingacouplewiththeirtwochildren.Boredbythetrafficjam,theystartedarguing.Ratherthanrushingfrommonumenttomonument,theyweregettingthetrueRomanexperience—losingtheircoolwhilestuckintraffic.(一旦到了特里托內(nèi)大道，交通就停滯不前了。然后我觀察了前面交通中的一輛高爾夫球車，它由一名導(dǎo)游駕駛，載著一對夫婦和他們的兩個孩子。由于交通堵塞，他們感到無聊，開始爭吵。他們沒有從一個古跡匆忙趕到另一個古跡，而是體驗(yàn)到了真正的羅馬風(fēng)情——在交通堵塞中失去冷靜。)”可知，作者在最后一段的語氣是幽默的，他通過描述游客在交通堵塞中的反應(yīng)來調(diào)侃這種“真正的羅馬體驗(yàn)”。故選A?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Hundredsofgolfcartsloadedwithtouristsracearoundthestreetsoftheeternalcity,annoyingtaxidrivers,blockingbuslanesandconfusingcityofficialswhocannotworkouthowtobanthem.(數(shù)百輛載有游客的高爾夫球車在永恒之城的街道上飛馳，惹惱了出租車司機(jī)，堵塞了公交車道，讓城市官員們困惑不已，他們不知道該如何禁止這些車輛。)”及全文內(nèi)容可知，本文的主旨大意是瘋狂的高爾夫球車導(dǎo)致羅馬的交通問題。故選B。DThatsatisfyingfeelingafterdoomscrollingthroughendlessTikTokvideosorimpulsivelyshoppingonlinemimicsthereliefofscratchinganitch.Thisisdopamine(多巴胺)atwork—abrainchemicalresponsibleforfeelingsofrewardandaccomplishment.Whetherengaginginviralvideosornewhobbies,dopaminecreatesasenseofachievementthatkeepsuscomingbackformore.However,relianceonthesedopaminehitscanleadtolastingbrainchanges,particularlyinteenagersandyoungadults.ThisiswhatmyteamandIatLondonSouthbankUniversitystudy.Weinvestigatedwhichbrainregionsandconnectionschangeduetoincreasedsocialmediaengagement—or“dopa-mining”,aswecallit.Usingsocialmedialightsupthesamepartsofyourbrainasotheraddictions,suchasdrugs,alcoholandgambling.Scientistshavefoundthateverytimeyougeta“l(fā)ike”,orevenwatchavideoyouenjoy,yourbrain’srewardsystemgetsactivated.Thisisthesamesystemthatmakespeoplefeelpleasurewhentheywinmoneyoreattheirfavoritesnack.Buthere’sthecatch:themoreyouusesocialmedia,theharderitcanbeforyourbraintoresistit.It’sliketrainingyourbraintolongforthosedopaminehits—justlikeanaddiction.Everwonderwhysocialmediafeelssoaddictive?It’sbecauseyourbrainstartstrimmingneurons(修剪神經(jīng)元),abitlikecuttingawayextrabranchesonatree,tomakethe“rewardpathway”faster.Thissoundsefficient,butit’snotgreat.Theshorterpathwaymeansyourbraincan“feel”rewardsfaster,butweknowfromresearchthatitcanalsomakeyoumoreexcitedandlessabletostopyourselffromscrolling.Overtime,thistrimmingcancutdownthesizeofcertainbrainareas,whicharekeyforcontrollingemotionsandmakingdecisions.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“doomscrolling”inparagraph1probablymean?A.Scrollingthroughalotofnegativenews.B.Scrollingthroughvariousvideosforcreation.C.Scrollinglongthroughsocialmediaaimlessly.D.Scrollingthroughspecificcontentstogainknowledge.13.Whatdoestheauthor’steamatLondonSouthbankUniversitystudy?A.Waystoengageinnewhobbies. B.Dopamineproductioninthebrain.C.Brainregionsaffectedbysocialmedia. D.Similaritiesamongdifferentaddictions.14.Whatistheresultofthebraintrimming?A.Itenablespeopletomakewisedecisions.B.Ithelpspeoplebettercontroltheiremotions.C.Itstrengthensthelinksbetweenbrainregions.D.Itmakesthesizeofcertainbrainareassmaller.15.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Thefunctionsofdopamineinthebrain.B.Thebenefitsofsocialmediaengagement.C.Theexplorationintobrain’srewardsystem.D.Thelastingeffectsofsocialmediaonthebrain.【答案】12.C13.C14.D15.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了社交媒體對大腦的影響，特別是多巴胺在其中的作用，以及過度使用社交媒體可能導(dǎo)致的長期大腦變化?！?2題詳析】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“Thatsatisfyingfeelingafter

doomscrollingthroughendlessTikTokvideosorimpulsivelyshoppingonlinemimicsthereliefofscratchinganitch.

(在無窮無盡的TikTok視頻中doomscrolling或沖動性網(wǎng)購后產(chǎn)生的滿足感，類似于撓癢后獲得的舒緩感。)”“doomscrolling”與“impulsivelyshoppingonline(沖動性網(wǎng)購)”并列，描述一種無意識的行為，且通過“endlessTikTokvideos(無窮無盡的TikTok視頻)”可知，是長時間、無目的的瀏覽。由此可知，doomscrolling意為“長時間漫無目的地瀏覽社交媒體”。故選C?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“ThisiswhatmyteamandIatLondonSouthbankUniversitystudy.Weinvestigatedwhichbrainregionsandconnectionschangeduetoincreasedsocialmediaengagement—or“dopa-mining”,aswecallit.(這是我和我在倫敦南岸大學(xué)的團(tuán)隊(duì)所研究的。我們調(diào)查了由于社交媒體參與度的增加，哪些大腦區(qū)域和連接發(fā)生了變化——我們稱之為“多巴胺挖掘”。)”可知，作者在倫敦南岸大學(xué)的團(tuán)隊(duì)研究的是受社交媒體影響的大腦區(qū)域。故選C。【14題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Overtime,thistrimmingcancutdownthesizeofcertainbrainareas,whicharekeyforcontrollingemotionsandmakingdecisions.(隨著時間的推移，這種修剪會縮小某些大腦區(qū)域的大小，而這些區(qū)域?qū)τ诳刂魄榫w和做出決策至關(guān)重要。)”可知，大腦修剪的結(jié)果是使某些大腦區(qū)域的大小變小。故選D?！?5題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“However,relianceonthesedopaminehitscanleadtolastingbrainchanges,particularlyinteenagersandyoungadults.ThisiswhatmyteamandIatLondonSouthbankUniversitystudy.(然而，依賴這些多巴胺刺激會導(dǎo)致大腦發(fā)生長期變化，尤其是在青少年和年輕人中。這是我和我在倫敦南岸大學(xué)的團(tuán)隊(duì)所研究的。)”可知，本文主要講述的是社交媒體對大腦的長期影響。故選D。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。HowNaturalSmellsAffectWell-beingSpendingtimeinnaturebenefitsourwell-beingbyimprovingemotions,reducingstress,andenhancingphysicalhealth.However,mostpreviousresearchfocusedonvisualexperiences,neglectingtheroleofsmell.___16___Plantsreleasevolatileorganiccompounds(VOCs),chemicalsthatserveecologicalroleslikeattractinginsects.___17___Ateamofscientists,ledbyGregoryBratmanfromtheUniversityofWashingtonsuggeststhesecompoundsmightsecretlyboosthumanhealth.___18___SomeplantVOCsarenotenoughtocausearesponse.Forexample,forestfragrance(香氣)maycalmnervesevenifwedon’tnoticethem.Suchhiddenmechanisms(機(jī)制)couldsecretlyaffectmoodorstresslevels,thoughscientistsarestillfiguringouttheirfullimpact.Othersmellsareperceivedconsciously,yettheirhealtheffectsvary.Pleasantsmells,likeflowers,oftenhaveuniversalappeal,whileothersarousepersonalorculturalmemories.Forinstance,pinemightremindoneofchildhoodhikes,whereasurbanpollutioncouldcausediscomfort.___19___Humanactivities,likepollutionandhabitatdestruction,changenature’ssmellprofile.___20___Protectingfragrantecosystems,theyargue,couldpreservenotjustbiodiversitybutalsohumanhealth.A.Naturalsmellsmayinfluenceusunconsciously.B.Yettheirimpactonpeopleisbarelyunderstood.C.Nature’ssmell-basedimpactscomethroughdifferentroutes.D.ScientistsconfirmplantVOCscandirectlyreduceourstress.E.Newresearchaimstouncoverhowsmellsfromnatureimprovehealth.F.Understandingthesedifferencesiskeytoemployingnature’ssmellpower.G.Theresearchersurgetoexplorehowlosingthesenaturalsmellsharmswell-being.【答案】16.E17.B18.A19.F20.G【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了自然氣味對人類健康的影響?！?6題詳析】上文“Spendingtimeinnaturebenefitsourwell-beingbyimprovingemotions,reducingstress,andenhancingphysicalhealth.However,mostpreviousresearchfocusedonvisualexperiences,neglectingtheroleofsmell.(花時間在大自然中通過改善情緒、減輕壓力和增強(qiáng)身體健康來有益于我們的幸福感。然而，大多數(shù)以前的研究都集中在視覺體驗(yàn)上，忽略了嗅覺的作用。)”提到了大多數(shù)以前的研究忽略了嗅覺的作用，那么接下來可能會提到新的研究來探討嗅覺的作用，選項(xiàng)E“Newresearchaimstouncoverhowsmellsfromnatureimprovehealth.(新的研究旨在揭示自然氣味如何改善健康。)”符合語境。故選E?！?7題詳析】上文“Plantsreleasevolatileorganiccompounds(VOCs),chemicalsthatserveecologicalroleslikeattractinginsects.(植物釋放揮發(fā)性有機(jī)化合物（VOCs），這些化學(xué)物質(zhì)在生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中扮演著吸引昆蟲等角色。)”介紹了植物釋放的VOCs的生態(tài)作用，下文“Ateamofscientists,ledbyGregoryBratmanfromtheUniversityofWashingtonsuggeststhesecompoundsmightsecretlyboosthumanhealth.(由華盛頓大學(xué)的GregoryBratman領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一組科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，這些化合物可能會秘密地促進(jìn)人類健康。)”提到植物釋放的VOCs對人類健康有潛在影響，但這種影響之前可能并未被充分了解。由此可知，盡管植物釋放的VOCs有生態(tài)作用，但它們對人類的影響還不為人知，選項(xiàng)B“Yettheirimpactonpeopleisbarelyunderstood.(然而，它們對人類的影響幾乎還不清楚。)”符合語境。故選B?！?8題詳析】下文“SomeplantVOCsarenotenoughtocausearesponse.Forexample,forestfragrance(香氣)maycalmnervesevenifwedon’tnoticethem.Suchhiddenmechanisms(機(jī)制)couldsecretlyaffectmoodorstresslevels,thoughscientistsarestillfiguringouttheirfullimpact.(一些植物揮發(fā)性有機(jī)化合物不足以引起反應(yīng)。例如，森林的香氣可能會讓我們平靜下來，即使我們沒有注意到它們。這些隱藏的機(jī)制可能會秘密地影響情緒或壓力水平，盡管科學(xué)家們?nèi)栽谘芯克鼈兊娜坑绊憽薄?”提到了植物VOCs可能秘密地影響我們的情緒或壓力水平，由此可知，有些自然氣味對人類的影響是無意識的。選項(xiàng)A“Naturalsmellsmayinfluenceusunconsciously.(自然氣味可能無意識地影響我們。)”符合語境。故選A?！?9題詳析】上文“Othersmellsareperceivedconsciously,yettheirhealtheffectsvary.Pleasantsmells,likeflowers,oftenhaveuniversalappeal,whileothersarousepersonalorculturalmemories.Forinstance,pinemightremindoneofchildhoodhikes,whereasurbanpollutioncouldcausediscomfort.(其他氣味則是有意識地被感知到的，但它們的健康影響各不相同。令人愉悅的氣味，如花香，通常具有普遍的吸引力，而其他氣味則會引起個人或文化的記憶。例如，松樹可能會讓人想起童年的徒步旅行，而城市污染則可能引起不適。)”提到不同的自然氣味對人類有不同的影響，空處應(yīng)該進(jìn)一步說明理解這些差異的重要性。選項(xiàng)F“Understandingthesedifferencesiskeytoemployingnature’ssmellpower.(理解這些差異是利用自然氣味力量的關(guān)鍵。)”符合語境。故選F?！?0題詳析】上文“Humanactivities,likepollutionandhabitatdestruction,changenature’ssmellprofile.(人類活動，如污染和棲息地破壞，改變了自然的氣味特征。)”提到人類活動對自然氣味產(chǎn)生了影響，下文“Protectingfragrantecosystems,theyargue,couldpreservenotjustbiodiversitybutalsohumanhealth.(他們認(rèn)為，保護(hù)芳香的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)不僅可以保護(hù)生物多樣性，還可以保護(hù)人類健康。)”提到保護(hù)自然氣味生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要性。由此可知，研究人員敦促探索失去自然氣味對人類健康的影響，從而強(qiáng)調(diào)保護(hù)自然氣味生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要性，選項(xiàng)G“Theresearchersurgetoexplorehowlosingthesenaturalsmellsharmswell-being.(研究人員呼吁探索失去這些自然氣味如何損害幸福感。)”符合語境。故選G。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。Acouplefoundababyduckonafishinglake.____21____,shewasabandoned.Theycouldn’tfindtheduck’s____22____,andalsotheyweretoldthattheduckwouldn’t____23____inthewill.Aftersomethought,they____24____totakecareofher.TheynamedherFredaandbroughtherintotheirhomeinLeeds,England.ThecoupleletFreda____25____abouttheirhouseandgarden.Theyeventook____26____tosleepnearherbedbecauseshewas____27____.Gradually,Fredabecamelikeamemberoftheirfamily.Theyformedastrong____28____witheachother.Duringthistime,thehusbandwasundergoingtreatmentofcancer,andFredabecamehis____29____ofcomfortandsupport.LastOctober,Fredaflewaway.Buttothecouple’ssurprise,Freda____30____withherbabyduckthisApril.Theynowhaveelevenduckslivingintheirgarden.Althoughgoingfromoneducktoelevenisaterrible____31____,thecouplefeelhappyand____32____tohavethem.Theyhave____33____pondsfortheduckstoswimin.TheyexpectFredaandherchildrentostayforafewmoremonthsbeforepossiblyreturningtothe____34____.Thisheartwarmingstoryremindsusofthe____35____ofsympathyandtheincrediblebondsthatcanformbetweenhumansandanimals.21.A.Generally B.Naturally C.Apparently D.Occasionally22.A.neighbors B.friends C.cousins D.parents23.A.settle B.survive C.struggle D.hide24.A.resolved B.managed C.attempted D.promised25.A.circle B.race C.wander D.swim26.A.measures B.courage C.patience D.turns27.A.demanding B.boring C.confusing D.embarrassing28.A.appreciation B.partnership C.bond D.team29.A.mood B.source C.sense D.need30.A.communicated B.encountered C.associated D.returned31.A.mess B.regret C.lesson D.pain32.A.confident B.content C.honored D.relieved33.A.searched B.explored C.created D.pictured34.A.house B.wild C.pond D.garden35.A.power B.origin C.level D.cost【答案】21.C22.D23.B24.A25.C26.D27.A28.C29.B30.D31.A32.B33.C34.B35.A【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。本文講述了一對夫婦在釣魚湖撿到一只被遺棄的小鴨子弗雷達(dá)，悉心照料并與之建立深厚情感聯(lián)結(jié)的故事。弗雷達(dá)后來飛走，又帶著幼崽回歸，夫婦倆雖面臨從一只鴨子到十一只的“混亂”，卻依然幸福滿足，并為它們創(chuàng)造了生活環(huán)境?！?1題詳析】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：顯然，她被遺棄了。A.Generally通常；B.Naturally自然地；C.Apparently顯然地；D.Occasionally偶爾。根據(jù)下文“shewasabandoned”可知，這對夫婦發(fā)現(xiàn)小鴨子后，通過觀察或周圍情況判斷它顯然被遺棄。故選C。【22題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們找不到小鴨子的父母，而且他們被告知小鴨子在柳樹叢里活不下去。A.neighbors鄰居；B.friends朋友；C.cousins表親；D.parents父母。根據(jù)上文“shewasabandoned”可知，被遺棄的小鴨子最可能找不到的是父母。故選D?！?3題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們找不到小鴨子的父母，而且他們被告知小鴨子在柳樹叢里活不下去。A.settle解決；B.survive生存；C.struggle掙扎；D.hide隱藏。根據(jù)上文“Theycouldn’tfindtheduck’s______,”可知，野生環(huán)境中，失去父母的幼鴨難以生存。故選B?！?4題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：經(jīng)過一番思考，他們決定照顧她。A.resolved解決，決定；B.managed管理；C.attempted嘗試；D.promised承諾。根據(jù)下文“totakecareofher”可知，這對夫婦決定照顧小鴨子。故選A?！?5題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這對夫婦讓Freda在他們的房子和花園里漫步。A.circle盤旋；B.race比賽；C.wander漫步；D.swim游泳。根據(jù)下文“abouttheirhouseandgarden”可知，鴨子在室內(nèi)和花園應(yīng)是漫步。故選C?！?6題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們甚至輪流睡在她的床邊，因?yàn)樗蠛芨?。A.measures措施；B.courage勇氣；C.patience耐心；D.turns轉(zhuǎn)彎，輪流。根據(jù)下文“tosleepnearherbed”可知，夫婦輪流陪小鴨子睡覺，taketurnstodosth.表示“輪流做某事”。故選D。【27題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們甚至輪流睡在她的床邊，因?yàn)樗蠛芨?。A.demanding要求高的；B.boring無聊的；C.confusing令人困惑的；D.embarrassing尷尬的。根據(jù)上文“Theyeventook______tosleepnearherbed”可知，夫婦輪流睡在小鴨子床邊，說明小鴨子要求很高。故選A。【28題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們之間建立了牢固的聯(lián)系。A.appreciation欣賞；B.partnership伙伴關(guān)系；C.bond聯(lián)系；D.team隊(duì)伍。根據(jù)下文“Duringthistime,thehusbandwasundergoingtreatmentofcancer,andFredabecamehis______ofcomfortandsupport.”可知，人與動物之間形成的緊密聯(lián)系用“bond（紐帶）”，下文最后一段也復(fù)現(xiàn)了“bonds”一詞。故選C。【29題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在這段時間里，丈夫正在接受癌癥治療，弗雷達(dá)成了他安慰和支持的來源。A.mood情緒；B.source來源；C.sense感覺；D.need需要。根據(jù)上文“thehusbandwasundergoingtreatmentofcancer”可知，弗雷達(dá)成為丈夫安慰和支持的來源。故選B?！?0題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但令這對夫婦驚訝的是，今年4月，弗雷達(dá)帶著她的小鴨子回來了。A.communicated交流；B.encountered遇到；C.associated聯(lián)系；D.returned返回。根據(jù)上文“LastOctober,Fredaflewaway.”可知，上文提到飛走，下文“withherbabyduck”表明她返回。故選D?！?1題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然從一只鴨子變成十一只鴨子是一團(tuán)糟，但這對夫婦感到很高興，也很滿足有這些鴨子。A.mess混亂；B.regret后悔；C.lesson課程；D.pain痛苦。根據(jù)上文“Althoughgoingfromoneducktoelevenisaterrible”可知，養(yǎng)這么多只鴨子會帶來混亂。故選A?！?2題詳析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然從一只鴨子變成十一只鴨子是一團(tuán)糟，但這對夫婦感到很高興，也很滿足有這些鴨子。A.confident自信的；B.content滿足的；C.honored光榮的；D.relieved放心的。根據(jù)上文“thecouplefeelhappyand”可知，夫婦感到高興和滿足。故選B?！?3題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們?yōu)轼喿觿?chuàng)造了可以游泳的池塘。A.searched搜索；B.explored探索；C.created創(chuàng)造；D.pictured描繪。根據(jù)下文“pondsfortheduckstoswimin”可知，夫婦為鴨子創(chuàng)造了可以游泳的池塘。故選C?！?4題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他們希望弗雷達(dá)和她的孩子們能再待幾個月，然后可能會回到野外。A.house房子；B.wild野外；C.pond池塘；D.garden花園。根據(jù)上文“Acouplefoundababyduckonafishinglake.”可知，鴨子原本來自野外，故可能返回野生環(huán)境。故選B?！?5題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這個溫暖人心的故事讓我們想起了同情的力量以及人類和動物之間可以建立的不可思議的聯(lián)系。A.power力量；B.origin起源；C.level水平；D.cost花費(fèi)。根據(jù)下文“theincrediblebondsthatcanformbetweenhumansandanimals”可知，故事體現(xiàn)了同情心的力量。故選A。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Whilemosttextersuseabbreviations(縮寫)intheirmessages,researchcarriedoutatStanfordUniversity,____36____(suggest)itcouldsignalthatyou’renot____37____(full)investedintheconversation.Theresearchersdiscoveredthatpeople____38____usedabbreviationsintheirtextmessageswerelesslikelytoreceivereplies,andtheuseofthemcouldcutconversationsshort.“Ourfindingsareespeciallyrelevantwhenwewanttoappearmoresincereand____39____(strength)socialties,suchasatthebeginningofarelationshiporwhenweneedtomakeagoodimpression,”saidleadresearcherDavidFang.Theresearch,____40____(publish)intheJournalofExperimentalPsychology:General,analyzedconversationsfrom37countriesandmorethan5,300texters.Theconversations,includingoneswithand____41____abbreviations,camefrommessagesonchatrooms.Ratherthanmakepeopleappear____42____(comfort),thefindingssuggestthatnotspellingoutwordsinfullmadeaperson―whatevertheirage―appearinsincere.Nevertheless,80%of____43____(participant)predictedthatotherswouldn’tmindtheuseofabbreviations―and4%wronglythoughtitwouldhave____44____positiveimpact.“Wethoughtitwouldconveyaninformalsenseof_____45_____(close),soweweresurprisedthatabbreviationstriggerednegativeperceptionsaboutpeoplewhousethem.”explain