Task1StrategicPVAnalysisandOutreach

PVPS

NationalSurveyReport

ofPVPowerApplicationsinSWITZERLAND

2023

Task1

一NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinSWITZERLAND

WhatisIEAPVPSTCP?

TheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA),foundedin1974,isanautonomousbodywithintheframeworkoftheOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD).TheTechnologyCollaborationProgramme(TCP)wascreatedwithabeliefthatthefutureofenergysecurityandsustainabilitystartswithglobalcollaboration.Theprogrammeismadeupof6.000expertsacrossgovernment,academia,andindustrydedicatedtoadvancingcommonresearchandtheapplicationofspecificenergytechnologies.

TheIEAPhotovoltaicPowerSystemsProgramme(IEAPVPS)isoneoftheTCP’swithintheIEAandwasestablishedin1993.Themissionoftheprogrammeisto“enhancetheinternationaIcoIIaborativeeffortswhichfaciIitatetheroIeofphotovoItaicsoIarenergyasacornerstoneinthetransitiontosustainabIeenergysystems.”Inordertoachievethis,theProgramme’sparticipantshaveundertakenavarietyofjointresearchprojectsinPVpowersystemsapplications.TheoverallprogrammeisheadedbyanExecutiveCommittee,comprisedofonedelegatefromeachcountryororganizationmember,whichdesignatesdistinct6Tasks,’thatmayberesearchprojectsoractivityareas.

TheIEAPVPSparticipatingmembersareAustralia,Austria,Belgium,Canada,China,Denmark,EnercitySA,EuropeanUnion,Finland,France,Germany,India,Israel,Italy,Japan,Korea,Malaysia,Morocco,theNetherlands,Norway,Portugal,SolarEnergyResearchInstituteofSingapore(SERIS),SolarPowerEurope,SouthAfrica,Spain,Sweden,Switzerland,Thailand,Türkiye,UnitedStates,andtheUnitedKingdom.

Visitusat:

WhatisIEAPVPSTask1?

TheobjectiveofTask1oftheIEAPhotovoltaicPowerSystemsProgrammeistopromoteandfacilitatetheexchangeanddisseminationofinformationonthetechnical,economic,environmentalandsocialaspectsofPVpowersystems.Task1activitiessupportthebroaderPVPSobjectives:tocontributetocostreductionofPVpowerapplications,toincreaseawarenessofthepotentialandvalueofPVpowersystems,tofostertheremovalofbothtechnicalandnon-technicalbarriersandtoenhancetechnologyco-operation.AnimportantdeliverableofTask1istheannuaI“TrendsinphotovoItaicappIications”report.InparaIIeI,NationaISurveyReportsareproducedannuaIIybyeachTask1participant.ThisdocumentisthecountryNationalSurveyReportfortheyear2023.InformationfromthisdocumentwillbeusedasinputtotheannualTrendsinphotovoltaicapplicationsreport.

Authors

MainContent:ThomasDériaz,LionelBloch,LionelPerret

Data:mainlyfromSWISSOLAR,SFOEandPRONOVO

Analysis:ThomasDériaz,LionelBloch,LionelPerret

DISCLAIMER

TheIEAPVPSTCPisorganisedundertheauspicesoftheInternationalEnergyAgency(IEA)butisfunctionallyandlegallyautonomous.Views,findingsandpublicationsoftheIEAPVPSTCPdonotnecessarilyrepresenttheviewsorpoliciesoftheIEASecretariatoritsindividualmembercountries

COVERPICTURE

PrixSolaireSuisse2023一

www.solaragentur.ch

Task1-NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinSWITZERLAND

2

TABLEOFCONTENTS

Acknowledgements 4

1InstallationData 5

1.1ApplicationsforPhotovoltaics 5

1.2Totalphotovoltaicpowerinstalled 7

1.3KeyenablersofPVdevelopment 13

2CompetitivenessofPVelectricity 14

2.1Moduleprices 14

2.2Systemprices 15

2.3CostbreakdownofPVinstallations 17

2.4FinancialParametersandspecificfinancingprograms 20

2.5Specificinvestmentsprograms 20

2.6MerchantPV/PPA/CPPA 21

2.7AdditionalCountryinformation 21

3PolicyFramework 22

3.1NationaltargetsforPV 23

3.2DirectsupportpoliciesforPVinstallations 24

3.3Self-consumptionmeasures 26

3.4Collectiveself-consumption,communitysolarandsimilarmeasures 28

3.5Tenders,auctions&similarschemes 30

3.6Otherutility-scalemeasuresincluding,floatingandagriculturalPV 30

3.7SocialPolicies 31

3.8RetroactivemeasuresappliedtoPV 31

3.9Indirectpolicyissues 31

3.10Financingandcostofsupportmeasures 35

3.11Gridintegrationpolicies 35

4Industry 36

Productionoffeedstocks,ingotsandwafers(crystallinesilicon

industry) 36

4.2Productionofphotovoltaiccellsandmodules(includingTFandCPV) 36

4.3Manufacturersandsuppliersofothercomponents 37

5PVInTheEconomy 39

3

5.1Labourplaces 39

5.2Businessvalue 39

6InterestFromElectricityStakeholders 41

6.1Structureoftheelectricitysystem 41

6.2Interestfromelectricityutilitybusinesses 41

6.3Interestfrommunicipalitiesandlocalgovernments 42

7HighlightsandProspects 43

7.1Highlights 43

7.2Prospects 44

8References 45

4

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ThispaperreceivedvaluablecontributionsfromseveralIEA-PVPSTaskmembersandotherinternationalexperts.Manythanksto:

BertrandDonniger,BanqueAlternativeSuisseRolandEngimann,3SSwissSolarSolutionsSA

Task1-NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinSWITZERLAND

1INSTALLATIONDATA

ThePVpowersystemsmarketcomprisesallnationallyinstalled(terrestrial)PVapplicationswitha40WormorePVcapacity.APVsystemconsistsofmodules,inverters,batteriesandallinstallationandcontrolcomponentsformodules,invertersandbatteries.Thisreportdoesnotconsiderotherapplications,suchassmallmobiledevices.

Forthisreport,PVinstallationsareincludedinthe2023statisticsifthePVmoduleswereinstalledandconnectedtothegridbetweenJanuary1andDecember312023,althoughcommissioningmayhavetakenplacelater.

1.1ApplicationsforPhotovoltaics

ThefirstphotovoltaicinstallationinSwitzerlanddatesbackto1992,butthecountryhadtowaituntil2011toobserveasignificantgrowthintheyearlyinstalledcapacities.Ithasbeendevelopingrapidlyeversince(section

0)

.

Theinstallationsaremainlysetinindustriesandresidentialareas.Nearly90%ofnewinstallationsareinresidentialareas,butindustrialareasystemsmakeup41%ofthecapacityinstalled

(Figure1

and

Figure2)

.

MW

1800.01600.01400.01200.0

1000.0800.0600.0400.0200.0

0.0

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

various

Transportaon

pubicsectorbuiding

servicesbuiding

Agricuturebuiding

ndustrybuiding

Mu-famiyhouses

singefamiyhouses

Figure1:Photovoltaicinstalledcapacitypersector[1]

5

Task1-NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinSWITZERLAND

Number

70000

60000

50000

40000

30000

20000

10000

0

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

various

Transportaon

pubicsectorbuiding

servicesbuiding

Agricuturebuiding

ndustrybuiding

Mu-famiyhouses

singefamiyhouses

Figure2:Numberofphotovoltaicsystemsinstalledpersector[1]

PVapplicationsinSwitzerlandprimarilyinvolverooftopgrid-connectedPVsystems.Thecapacityofoff-gridinstallationsisgrowingslowly.In2023,0.79MWhavebeeninstalled.

Fa?adePVprojectsstartedin2020andcontinuein2023with7.6MWinstalled(0.46%ofinstalledcapacity).

Ground-mountedprojectsareslowlyannouncedandplanned.AgriculturalPVisstillatthedemonstratorstage,butitisgainingtraction,keepinginmindthatthelawunderlinesthatPVinstallationsmustnotpreventaterrainfrombeingcultivatedandkeepingitsfullagriculturalvalue.

SwitzerlandhasverystrictheritageprotectionlawsrequiringtheuseofBIPVinnumerouscases.Itrepresentsaround10%of2023installedcapacity[2].Thisdevelopmentisstillslow,evenifwenoticetechnologicaladvancements(colour&shapeofmodules)andincreasingawarenessofarchitectstousePVasabuildingelement(thankstopoliciesmakingPVcompulsoryinnewbuildings).

ThecountrycontinuestofindwaystotakeadvantageofitstopographytoinstallPVandoptimizewinterproduction.Withthe"AlpineOffensive",theSwissparliamenthasdecidedthatlarge-scalesolarpowerplantsintheAlps,generatingatleast10GWh,includingatleast500kWh/kWinwinter,willbeeligibleforfederalsupport.Theone-offpaymentwillamounttoamaximumof60%oftheinvestmentcosts.

6

Task1一NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinSWITZERLAND

1.2Totalphotovoltaicpowerinstalled

OnbehalfoftheSwissFederalOfficeofEnergy,SwissolarismandatedtosurveytheSwisssolarmarketandpublishtheannualinstalledcapacityinthereport:"StatistiquesdeI,énergiesolaire:Annéedereference2023"[1].Thedataisbasedonasurveyamongst462companiesactiveinthePVandsolarthermalmarket.About95%ofinstallers,importers/distributorsandmanufacturersareestimatedtobecoveredinthisannualmarketsurvey.

In2023,1641MWpofPVcapacitywereinstalledcomparedto1084MWpin2022.Itisa51%increasecomparedtothepreviousyear,higherthanin2021(+43,4%)and2020(+46.2%),slightlyunder2022(+60%).

MW

7000

6000

5000

4000

3000

2000

1000

0

MWp/year

swissphotovoltaicmarket

1900

1800

1700

1600

1500

1400

1300

1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

100

0

NewPvsystemsinstaIIedCumuIatedPvpower

Figure3:InstalledPVcapacityperyear[3]

CentralizedinstallationshavebeenconsidereduntilnowasgroundmountedinstallationsasthereisveryfewgroundmountedinstallationsinSwitzerlanduntilnow,butwiththepotentialuseofexistingindustrialzone,thenumberofgroundmountedinstallationsisincreasing,

evenifitremainsaunsignificantshareofthetotalinstallationsinSwitzerland.Wecould

distinguishinthestatisticstheinstallationsabove1MW.In2023,thissegmentabove1MWrepresents67systemsfor89MWofinstallations.

TheAC/DCratioisnotstudiedindetails(complétéavecretourfaiten2023àlatache)-ilexistedesstatsACchezlesGRDs.

7

Task1-NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinSWITZERLAND

Table1:AnnualPVpowerinstalledduringcalendaryear2023

InstalledPVcapacityin2023[MW]

ACorDC

Decentralized

1639.3

DC

Centralized

0

DC

Off-grid

0.8

DC

Total

1640.1

DC

Table2:PVpowerinstalledduringcalendaryear2023

InstalledPV

capacity[MW]

InstalledPV

capacity[MW]

ACorDC

Grid-

connected

BAPV

Residential

1549.4

587.6

DC

Commercial

241.9

DC

Industrial

719.9

DC

BIPV

Residential

89.9

63.7

DC

Commercial

26.2

DC

Industrial

0

DC

Utility-

scale

Ground-mounted

0

0

DC

Floating

0

DC

Agricultural

0

DC

Off-grid

Residential

0.79

0

DC

Other

0.79

DC

Hybridsystems

0

DC

Total

1640.1

DC

8

Task1一NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinSWITZERLAND

Table3:Datacollectionprocess

IfdataarereportedinAC,pleasementionaconversioncoefficienttoestimateDCinstallations.

TheinstallationcapacitiescollectedareDCpowers.

Isthecollectionprocessdonebyanofficialbodyora

private

Company/Association?

ThedatacollectionprocessisrealizedbySwissolar(SwissSolarProfessionalAssociation)onbehalfoftheSwissgovernment.Itisbasedonaquestionnairesenttoallimporters,installersandmanufacturers.Itisestimatedthatabout95%ofthemarketiscoveredbythissurvey.

Datahavebeenvalidatedwithcompulsoryregistrationforsystemsabove30kVAsince2013(Guaranteesoforiginandelectricitylabelling).

TheSwissFederalOfficeofEnergyhasbeensurveyingthesolarmarketinSwitzerlandformorethan20years.Duetothislongexperience,thedataqualityhasbeenmaintained.Thankstoalltheinstallersanddistributorswillingtocompletetheannualquestionnaire.

TheSwissFederalOfficeofEnergypublishedthereportinJuly2023,anditalsoservesasabasisfortheannualrenewableenergystatistics.

Linktoofficialstatistics(ifthisexists)

SolarEnergymarketsurvey(DE/FR)

ThomasHostettleretAndreasHekler.?StatistiquesdeI,énergiesoIaire-Annéederéférence2023?.OFEN,11July2024.

https://www.swissolar.ch/fr/services/actualites-et-medias/faits-et

-chiffres/statistique-de-l-energie-solaire.

LionelBlochetYannickSauter.?Observationdesprixdemarchéphotovolta?que2023?.OFEN,13June2023.

https://pubdb.bfe.admin.ch/fr/publication/download/11768

.

ElectricityStatistics(DE/FR):

OFEN.?StatistiquedeI,éIectricité2023?,14June2024.

https://www.bfe.admin.ch/bfe/fr/home/approvisionnement/statistiques-et

-geodonnees/statistiques-de-lenergie/statistique-de-l-electricite.html.

OverallEnergyStatistics(DE/FR):

OFEN.?StatistiquegIobaIesuissedeI,énergie2023?.SwissFederalOfficeofEnergy,9July2024.

https://www.bfe.admin.ch/bfe/fr/home/approvisionnement/statistiques-et

-geodonnees/statistiques-de-lenergie/statistique-globale-de-l-energie.html.

Thequalityandaccuracyofthedataareexpectedtobebetterthan+/-10%.

9

Task1-NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinSWITZERLAND

Table4:ThecumulativeinstalledPVpowerin4sub-markets

Year

Off-grid[MW]

(includinglarge

hybrids)

Grid-connected

distributed[MW]

(BAPV,BIPV)

Grid-connected

centralized[MW]

(Ground,floating,

agricultural…)

Total[MW]

1992

0.72

4.1

4.82

1993

0.88

5.1

5.98

1994

1.04

6.1

7.14

1995

1.2

7.1

8.3

1996

1.4

8.42

9.82

1997

1.6

9.74

11.34

1998

1.8

11.06

12.86

1999

2

12.38

14.38

2000

2.2

13.7

15.9

2001

2.2

16.1

18.3

2002

2.3

17.9

20.2

2003

2.4

19.5

21.9

2004

2.5

21.8

24.3

2005

2.6

25.7

28.3

2006

2.7

27.4

30.1

2007

2.9

34.5

37.4

2008

3

46.4

49.4

2009

3

76.5

79.5

2010

3

122.4

125.4

2011

3

219.9

222.9

2012

3

433.5

436.5

2013

3.2

752.4

755.6

2014

3.7

1056.9

1060.6

2015

3.9

1390.1

1394

2016

4

1660.2

1664.2

2017

4.1

1902.3

1906.4

2018

5.6

2167.6

2173.2

2019

6.1

2492

2498.1

2020

6.4

2967.1

2973.4

2021

6.6

3648.7

3655.3

2022

7.2

4729.5

4736.7

2023

7.9

6366.8

6374.7

10

Task1–NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinSWITZERLAND

Table5:OtherPVmarketinformation

2023

NumberofPVsystemsinoperationinyourcountry

Around245,390PVinstallations

SplitpermarketSegmentofPVsystems

MarketSegment

Share(Nof

installations)

Residential

87%

Industry

8%

Agriculture

3%

Services

1%

Utilities

1%

Transport

<1%

Others

<1%

DecommissionedPVsystemsduringtheyear[MW]

2.9(estimation)

RepoweredPVsystemsduringtheyear[MW]

1.5

11

Task1–NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinSWITZERLAND

Table6:PVpowerandthebroadernationalenergymarket

2022

2023

Totalpowergenerationcapacities[GW]

24.33GWtotal(16.56GWHydro;

2.97GWnuclear;

4.8GWThermal&RE)

26.97GWtotal(16.6GWHydro;

2.97GWnuclear;

7.4GWThermal&RE[4])

Totalrenewablepowergenerationcapacities(includinghydropower)[GW]

21.74GWtotal

(15613GWhydro,

4.7GWPV,88MWWind,396MWwaste)

23.45GWtotal

(16.6GWHydro,

6.37GWPV,88MW

Wind,…)

Totalelectricitydemand[TWh]

57.0TWh(-1.9%)

56.0TWh(-1.2%)

Newpowergenerationcapacitiesinstalled[GW]

+1,084MWPV

+19MWHydro

(+931MWHydroStorage

withoutadditional

generation)

+1640.1MWPV,+1000MWHydro,

Newrenewablepowergenerationcapacities(includinghydropower)[GW]

+1,084MWPV

+19MWHydro

+1640.1MWPV,+1000MWHydro,

EstimatedtotalPVelectricityproduction(includingself-consumedPVelectricity)in[GWh]

3,858GWh

4,624GWh

TotalPVelectricityproductionasa%oftotalelectricityconsumption

6.77%

8.25%

AverageyieldofPVinstallations(inkWh/kWp)

970kWh/kWp

885kWh/kW

12

Task1–NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinSWITZERLAND

1.3KeyenablersofPVdevelopment

Table7:Informationonkeyenablers.

Description

AnnualVolume

TotalVolume

Source

Decentralized

storagesystemsIn[MW,MWhor#]

+79%ofadded

capacityand

+86%oftotal

capacity

compared

to2021

Addedcapacity:

281.2MWh

(including108

kWh

leadbattery)

607.3MWh

Statistiquesde

l’énergiesolaire-Annéede

référence2023[1]

ResidentialHeatPumps[#]

-

+35’960added

Systems(+8.7%

increasefrom

totalin2022)

447’749Systems

Statistiquesde

l’électricité2023,page53[5]

Electriccars[#]

In202344’747

(20.9%)BEVand

17’595(9%)

PHEVhavebeen

registered

+62’342cars

237’138intotal,

155’498BEV

(3.3%ofthetotal

cars),81’640

PHEV(1.7%of

totalcars)

Kennzahlen

LadeinfrastrukturSchweiz[6]

Electricbusesandtrucks[#]

Asupportprogramhasbeenputinplaceuntilatleast2030toencouragetheuseofhybridorelectricbuseswithnationalCO2certificates.

Electricbusesin2023arestillattheplanningstageorpilotprojects,butthetimelinehasalreadybeenestablishedforsomecompanies.By2024,Postautowantstohaveatotalof100electricbusesontheroad.By2040,allPostBusesshouldbetravellingtheroadsofSwitzerlandwithoutfossilfuels.

Kliksupport

programm[7]Postauto

publication[8]

13

Task1–NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinSWITZERLAND

2COMPETITIVENESSOFPVELECTRICITY

2.1Moduleprices

Table8:Typicalmoduleprices

Year

Lowestpriceofastandardmodulecrystallinesilicon

Highestpriceofastandardmodulecrystallinesilicon

Typicalpriceofastandardmodulecrystallinesilicon

2005

4.6

3.6

4.75

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2.2

3.6

3.25

2011

1.3

2.5

2.2

2012

0.85

1.3

1.19

2013

0.8

1

0.95

2014

0.57

0.95

0.86

2015

0.55

0.93

0.84

2016

0.5

0.9

0.8

2017

0.45

0.86

0.76

2018

0.4

0.75

0.66

2019

0.36

0.73

0.64

2020

0.36

0.73

0.41

2021

0.36

0.73

0.42

2022

0.36

0.57

0.48

2023

0.38

0.5

0.44

Thelowestpriceistheaveragemodulepriceforsystemssizebetween100and300kWp,thehighestpriceistheaveragemodulepriceforsystemssizebetween2and10kWp.Thetypicalpriceisaweightedaveragebasedontheinstalledcapacityperpowerrange.Itis0.44CHF/Win2023.Therewasn’tanysubstantialchangeinthemodulepricebetween2022and2023.

14

Task1-NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinSWITZERLAND

2.2Systemprices

Table9:TurnkeyPVsystempricesofdifferenttypicalPVsystems

Category/Size

Typicalapplicationsandbriefdetails

Currentprices

[CHF/W]

Off-grid

1-5kW

Astand-alonePVsystemisasystemthatisinstalledtogenerateelectricityforadeviceorahouseholdthatisnotconnectedtothepublicgrid.

6

ResidentialBAPV5-10kW

Grid-connected,roof-mounted,distributedPVsystemsinstalledtoproduceelectricitytogrid-connectedhouseholds.Typicallyroof-mountedsystemsonvillasandsingle-familyhomes.

2.8to3.8

ResidentialBIPV5-10kW

Grid-connected,buildingintegrated,distributedPVsystemsinstalledtoproduceelectricityforgrid-connectedhouseholds.Typically,onvillasandsingle-familyhomes.

3.1to5.7

SmallcommercialBAPV

10-100kW

Grid-connected,roof-mounted,distributedPVsystemsinstalledtoproduceelectricityforgrid-connectedcommercialbuildings,suchaspublicbuildings,multi-familyhouses,agriculturebarns,grocerystoresetc.

1.6to2.3

SmallcommercialBIPV

10-100kW

Grid-connected,buildingintegrated,distributedPVsystemsinstalledtoproduceelectricityforgrid-connectedcommercialbuildings,suchaspublicbuildings,multi-familyhouses,agriculturebarns,grocerystoresetc.

1.8to3.5

LargecommercialBAPV

100-250kW

Grid-connected,roof-mounted,distributedPVsystemsinstalledtoproduceelectricityforgrid-connectedlargecommercialbuildings,suchaspublicbuildings,multi-familyhouses,agriculturebarns,grocerystoresetc.

1.3to1.8

LargecommercialBIPV

100-250kW

Grid-connected,buildingintegrated,distributedPVsystemsinstalledtoproduceelectricityforgrid-connectedcommercialbuildings,suchaspublicbuildings,multi-familyhouses,agriculturebarns,grocerystoresetc.

1.4to2.7

IndustrialBAPV>250kW

Grid-connected,roof-mounted,distributedPVsystemsinstalledtoproduceelectricityforgrid-connectedindustrialbuildings,warehouses,etc.

1.1to1.4

SmallcentralizedPV1-20MW

Grid-connected,ground-mounted,centralizedPVsystemsthatworkascentralpowerstation.Theelectricitygeneratedinthistypeoffacilityisnottiedtoaspecificcustomerandthepurposeistoproduceelectricityforsale.

N/A

LargecentralizedPV>20MW

Grid-connected,ground-mounted,centralizedPVsystemsthatworkascentralpowerstation.Theelectricitygeneratedinthistypeoffacilityisnottiedtoaspecificcustomerandthepurposeistoproduceelectricityforsale.

N/A

15

Task1-NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinSWITZERLAND

Table10:Nationaltrendsinsystempricesfordifferentapplications

Year

Residential

BAPV

Grid-connected,

roof-mounted,

distributedPV

system

5-10kW

[CHF/W]

Smallcommercial

BAPV

Grid-connected,

roof-mounted,

distributedPV

systems

10-100kW

[CHF/W]

Largecommercial

BAPV

Grid-connected,

roof-mounted,

distributedPV

systems

100-250kW

[CHF/W]

CentralizedPV

Grid-connected,

ground-mounted,

centralizedPV

systems

10-50MW

[CHF/W]

2010

6.6-7.1

5.5-6.6

5-5.5

-

2011

-

-

-

-

2012

4.6-50

3.4-4.6

3-3.4

-

2013

-

-

-

-

2014

-

-

-

-

2015

-

-

-

-

2016

-

-

-

-

2017

-

-

-

-

2018

2.6-3.6

1.4-2.6

1.2-1.4

-

2019

2.5-3.5

1.3-2.5

1.2-1.3

-

2020

2.4-3.1

1.3-2.4

1.0-1.3

-

2021

2.4-3.2

1.4-2.5

1.0-1.5

-

2022

2.6-3.6

1.5-2.1

1.0-1.5

-

2023

2.8-3.8

1.6-2.3

1.3-1.8

-

16

Task1-NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinSWITZERLAND

17

Figure4:Specificcostsofgrid-connectedPVsystems[9]

2.3CostbreakdownofPVinstallations

Thecostbreakdownofatypical5-10kWroof-mounted,grid-connect,distributedPVsystemonaresidentialsingle-familyhouseandatypical>10MWGrid-connected,ground-mounted,centralizedPVsystemsattheendof2023ispresentedinTable11andTable12,respectively.

Thecoststructurepresentedisfromthecustomer'spointofview.I.e.itdoesnotreflecttheinstallercompanies'overallcostsandrevenues.The“average”categoryinTable11andTable12representstheaveragecostforeachcostcategoryandistheaverageofthetypicalcoststructure.Theaveragecostconsidersthewholesystemandsummarizestheaverageendpricetothecustomer.The“l(fā)ow”and“high”categoriesarethelowestandhighestcostsreportedwithineachsegment.

18

Acomprehensivecostsurveyhasbeenpublishedfor2023[9].TheresultsarepresentedinthepiechartsbelowfortheBAPV:

2-10kw

100-300kw

10-30kw

300-100OKW

30-100kw

1Modules

2Inverters

3structure

4Electricalequipment5Temporarysecurity6Labor

7Admin

mm8Logistics

9others

Figure5:CostbreakdownofBAPVin2023[9]

Task1-NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinSWITZERLAND

Table11:Costbreakdownforagrid-connectedroof-mounted,distributedresidentialPVsystemof5-10kW

Costcategory

Average[CHF/W]

Low

[CHF/W]

High

[CHF/W]

Hardware

Module

0.496

Inverter

0.305

Mountingmaterial

0.369

Otherelectronics(cables,etc.)

0.57

SubtotalHardware

1.74

Softcosts

Planning

0.282

Installationwork

0.8

Shippingandtravel

expensesto

customer

0.148

Permitsand

commissioning(i.e.costforelectrician,etc.)

0.3

Projectmargin

0.3

SubtotalSoftcosts

1.83

Total(excludingVAT)

3.57

AverageVAT

8.10%

Total(includingVAT)

3.86

19

Task1-NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinSWITZERLAND

2.4FinancialParametersandspecificfinancingprograms

Table12:PVfinancinginformationin2023

Differentmarketsegments

Loanrate[%]

Averagerateofloans-residentialinstallations

3.25(2023)*

Averagerateofloans-commercialinstallations

3.75(2023)*

Averagecostofcapital-industrialandground-mountedinstallations

3.75(2023)*

*Dependinguponsecured/unsecured,thespecificsoftheprojectandtheduration(5-yearfixedrate).Avariablerateof3.00%hasbeenproposedforPVinstallationsin2023.

2.5Specificinvestmentsprograms

Table13:Summaryofexistinginvestmentschemes

InvestmentSchemes

IntroducedinSwitzerland

Thirdpartyownership(noinvestment)

Yes.MoreandmorecompaniesandutilitiesoffercontractingsolutionsforPV,eitherwithafixedcontractualpercentageofself-consumption(riskbaredbytheuser)orwithout(riskbaredbytheinvestor)

Renting

No

Leasing

Yes.Variousbusinessmodelsareexplored,includingleasingoptions,evenforhouseholds.

Financingthroughutilities

Yes.UtilitiesaregettingmoreactiveinthePVbusiness.TheyfinancePVinstallationseitherfortheirownportfolioorascontractingsolutionsforend-consumers.TheyareactivelyintegratingPVintheirbusiness,includingbuyingPVinstallationcompanies.MostutilitiesnowhavetheirownPVinstallationsdepartment.

InvestmentinPVplantsagainstfreeelectricity

Whilethisinvestmentschemehasbeenemployedbysomeutilities(investmentperm2ofmodules,productioncorrespondingtotheinvestmentisdeductedfromtheelectricitybill),itisnotcompatiblewiththeregulation.Ifstillemployed,itismainlyagainstPVgreencertificates.

Crowdfunding(investmentinPVplants)

Yes.Similartotheabove,butusuallymainlyforgreencertificatesinthenichemarket.Forinvestment,mainlycooperativesocietyandcrowdlending.

Communitysolar

Yes,itisgrowingthankstothenewpossibilitiesofcollectiveself-consumptionintroducedin

20

Task1-NationalSurveyReportofPVPowerApplicationsinSWITZERLAND

2018.Communitysolarisincreasingsignificantlyfornewresidentialbuildi