押廣州卷第33-40題閱讀理解C、D篇年份文體真題素材2024年考向預(yù)測2023說明文D.說明文文章向我們分享了關(guān)于機器人應(yīng)該有什么樣的面孔的想法。主題語境屬于“人與社會”范疇中“科學(xué)與技術(shù)”這一主題群,涉及子主題“科學(xué)技術(shù)與工程,人類發(fā)明與創(chuàng)新”。D.文章介紹了在過去詞典編纂的方法和步驟。主題語境屬于“人與社會”范疇中“歷史、社會與文化”這一主題群,涉及子主題“語言與文化”。2024年廣州中考可能會“歷史、社會與文化”、“自然生態(tài)”、“科學(xué)技術(shù)與工程,人類發(fā)明與創(chuàng)新”結(jié)合社會熱點、等素材考查對語篇理解能力和分析判斷能力。2022C.人物傳記D.說明文C.文章介紹了達(dá)爾文的生平以及他的研究成果《物種起源》。主題語境屬于“人與社會”范疇中“科學(xué)與技術(shù)”這一主題群,涉及子主題“對社會有突出貢獻(xiàn)的人物及其事跡”。D.介紹了定向越野比賽及比賽規(guī)則。主題語境屬于“人與自我”范疇中“生活與學(xué)習(xí)”這一主題群,涉及子主題“運動與游戲”。2021C,應(yīng)用文D.說明文C.文章介紹了制作稻草人的材料和步驟。主題語境屬于“人與自我”范疇中“生活與學(xué)習(xí)”這一主題群,涉及子主題“勤于動手,樂于實踐,敢于創(chuàng)新”。D.文章介紹了現(xiàn)實生活中人們存在的拖延現(xiàn)象,拖延現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因和危害以及解決辦法。主題語境屬于“人與自我”范疇中“生活與學(xué)習(xí)”這一主題群,涉及子主題“生活與學(xué)習(xí)中的困難、問題和解決方式”。(2023廣州,C)ComputerscientistMaryhasanideaforanewrobottohelpherworkwithchildren.Howshoulditlook?Therobotshouldhavearmstobeabletoliftthings.Andifitisgoingtocommunicatewithpeople,itwillalsoneedaface.Scientistsbelievethatgivingarobotafacecanmakeitseemmorefriendly.Humanswouldalsoliketopaymoreattentiontorobotswithfaces.Butwhatkind?ForMary,shewantstomakesurethathernewrobotdoesn'tlooktoomuchlikeahuman.Shewantspeopletojusttreatitasamachine-person.Ifitlooksmorelikeahumanthanamachine,shethinksusersmightfinditabitcreepyandfeelafraid.Maryalsobelievesthatrobotfacesdon'tneedtolookalotlikeours.Herresearchshowsthatwecanenjoycommunicatingwithrobotswhetherornottheylooklikehumans,becauseourbrainsareabletolookforfaces.Justputtwocirclesontopofarobot'sbody,andwewillseeaface.Davefeelsdifferently.Hebelievesthatalthoughatfirstwemightbeafraidwhenseeingarobotwithalifelikeface,wemaysoongetusedtoit.Ifrobotsaregoingtoworkcloselywithhumans,theyshouldlookasmuchlikeusaspossible.Afterall,facesareanimportantpartofthewaywecommunicate.Tomakehisrobotslookasmuchlikerealpeopleaspossible,Daveinventedaspecialskin(皮膚)fortheirfaces.Withthisskin,robotscanshowhuman-likeexpressionsandappeartobeangry,sad,happyorsurprised.Dave'srobotsarealsoprogrammedtocopyexpressions.How?Justimaginehisrobotislookingatyou.Thecamerasinitseyessendpicturesofyourfacetoitscentralcomputer!33.Whydoscientiststhinkarobotneedsaface?A.Itwillbecomemorebeautiful.B.Itcandobetterinliftingthings.C.Itwillpaymoreattentiontochildren.D.Itcanbettercommunicatewithpeople.34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“creepy”meaninparagraph2?A.Uncomfortabletolookat. B.Impossibletotouch.C.Boringtotalkto. D.Difficulttounderstand.35.WhichofthefollowingwouldDavemostprobablyagreewith?A.Peopleshouldtreatrobotsashumans.B.Robotsneedtoexpresstheirownfeelings.C.Robotsshouldn'tlooktoomuchlikehumans.D.Peoplecaneasilyacceptrobotswithhumanfaces.36.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toexplainthereasonswhyrobotsshouldhavefaces.B.Tosuggestwhathumanscandowithrobotswithfaces.C.Toshareideasonwhatkindoffacesrobotsshouldhave.D.Toshowhowscientistsinventrobotswithdifferentfaces.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文,文章向我們分享了關(guān)于機器人應(yīng)該有什么樣的面孔的想法。主題語境屬于“人與社會”范疇中“科學(xué)與技術(shù)”這一主題群,涉及子主題“科學(xué)技術(shù)與工程,人類發(fā)明與創(chuàng)新”。33.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第四句“Andifitisgoingtocommunicatewithpeople,itwillalsoneedaface.”可知,如果機器人要和人交流的話,就需要一張臉,即臉的作用主要是更好地與人交流,故選D。34.A詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后面的“andfeelafraid”可推知,creepy的意思應(yīng)與“讓人害怕的”相近,選項A“看起來不適”符合語境,故選A。35.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Hebelievesthatalthoughatfirstwemightbeafraidwhenseeingarobotwithalifelikeface,wemaysoongetusedtoit.”可知,Dave認(rèn)為雖然一開始我們可能會害怕看到一個有著逼真面孔的機器人,但我們可能很快就會習(xí)慣它。選項D“人們很容易接受有人臉的機器人”符合Dave的觀點,故選D。36.C寫作目的題。通讀全文可知,文章介紹了科學(xué)家們對人臉機器人的不同觀點,并探討了機器人究竟應(yīng)該有什么樣的面孔,故選C。(2023廣州,D)Peoplebelievethateverywordhasitscorrectmeaning(s).Whenwearenotsure,weusuallycheckonline,orturntoourteachersordictionaries.Butdoyouknowhowdictionariesweremadeinthepast?Dictionarywritersfirstreadtheimportantbooksoftheperiodorthesubjectthatthedictionarywasabout.Astheyread,theycopiednecessaryinformationoncards:interestingwords,commonwords—bothintheirdailyusesandunusualuses,andalsothesentenceswheretheywereused.Thatistosay,thewords,alongwiththeusesofeachword,werecollected.Forareallybigdictionary,millionsofsuchcardswerecollected.Thistaskcouldlastforyears.Asthecardswerecollected,theywereputinalphabeticalorder(A-Z).Whenthiswasdone,therewouldbeseveralhundredcardsforeachsingleword.Then,todefine(定義)aword,thedictionarywriterplaceditshundredsofcardsbeforehim.Hereadthecardsclosely,threwawaysome,readtherestagain,anddividedupthecardsaccordingtowhathethoughtwerethecommonusesoftheword.Finally,hewrotethedefinitions,followingthehard-and-fastrule:eachdefinitionmustcomefromanexampleonacertaincardinfrontofhim.So,thewritingofadictionarywasnotataskofinventingmeaningsofwords,butataskofrecordingtheirmeanings.Thewriterofadictionarywasahistorian,notalawmaker.Astimedevelops,thewayofproducingdictionarieshasgreatlychanged.Nowadays,wecanuseonlinedictionariestoo.Whenchoosingourwordsinspeakingorwriting,wecanbeguidedbythedictionary.However,wecannotbecontrolledbyit,becausenewsituations,newexperiences,newinventions,andnewfeelingsarealwayspushingustogivenewusestooldwords.37.Whydiddictionarywritersreadimportantbooks?A.Toknowmoreabouttheperiod. B.Tocollectwordsandtheiruses.C.Tounderstanddifferentsubjects. D.Tolearntouseinterestingwords.38.Whichshowsthecorrectstepsofhowdictionariesweremadeinthepast?A.①-③-④-②B.①-②-④-③C.③-④-②-①D.③-①-④-②39.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassageaboutdictionarywritinginthepast?A.Itshouldbedonebyhistorians.B.Itwasataskofinventingandrecording.C.Itwaslong-timehardwork.D.Ithadtousethelaw-makingrules.40.Whatdoesthewriteradviseustodowhenwechoosewordsincommunication?A.Beopentonewusesofwords. B.Followthedictionarystrictly.C.Useonlinedictionariesinstead. D.Trytocreatenewwords.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文,文章介紹了在過去詞典編纂的方法和步驟。主題語境屬于“人與社會”范疇中“歷史、社會與文化”這一主題群,涉及子主題“語言與文化”。37.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第一句“Dictionarywritersfirstreadtheimportantbooks...”。根據(jù)本段第二句和第三句“Astheyread...bothintheirdailyusesandunusualuses...Thatistosay,thewords,alongwiththeusesofeachword,werecollected.”可知,詞典編纂者閱讀重要書籍的目的是收集詞匯及其用法,故選B。38.D圖文理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段和第三段可知,編纂詞典的步驟是:先閱讀重要的書籍“readtheimportantbooks”,同時將必要的信息抄寫在卡片上“copiednecessaryinformationoncards”;然后,把收集的卡片按字母順序排列“Asthecardswerecollected,theywereputinalphabeticalorder(A-Z)”;接著根據(jù)單詞的不同用法將卡片分類“dividedupthecardsaccordingtowhathethoughtwerethecommonusesoftheword”;最后按照硬性規(guī)定給每個單詞下定義“wrotethedefinitions,followingthehard-and-fastrule”。結(jié)合圖片可知,答案選D。39.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段可知,詞典的編纂不是一項發(fā)明詞義的任務(wù);而是一項記錄詞義的任務(wù)。詞典的作者是歷史學(xué)家,而不是立法者。由此可知,選項B和D表述錯誤;文章說詞典的編纂者是一個歷史學(xué)家,意在表達(dá)編纂者應(yīng)具備歷史學(xué)家的特質(zhì),需要查找史料,但并沒有說只有歷史學(xué)家才能編纂詞典,選項A錯誤。根據(jù)文中對編纂詞典過程的描述可知,編纂詞典是一項長期的、艱辛的工作,故選C。40.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知,我們在使用詞典的時候不能被詞典支配,因為新的情況、新的經(jīng)歷、新的發(fā)明、新的感受總在推動我們賦予舊詞新的用法。由此可推斷,作者建議我們在交流中選擇用詞時,對詞匯的新用法要抱著開放的態(tài)度,故選A。推理判斷題推理判斷題,通常應(yīng)注意以下兩點:(1)特別留心特定細(xì)節(jié)所謂“特定細(xì)節(jié)”,就是問題所涉及的范圍和對象中的細(xì)節(jié)事實。它一般包括事實根據(jù)、名字(人物或地點)、數(shù)字(日期或統(tǒng)計數(shù)字)、關(guān)鍵詞語的其他表達(dá)方法(同義詞、近義詞、反義詞)等。(2)注意作者的語氣和態(tài)度作者的語氣和態(tài)度通常體現(xiàn)在短文所使用的措辭和句式上。要特別注意感情色彩比較濃重的形容詞和副詞,特別留心短文句子的長度和結(jié)構(gòu)。從措辭上我們可以推斷出作者對所討論話題的態(tài)度;從句式的長短和結(jié)構(gòu)可以判斷出作者討論問題的語氣。主旨大意題(1)留心關(guān)鍵詞,抓住文章主旨;串聯(lián)主要細(xì)節(jié),推斷文章中心思想。所謂關(guān)鍵詞,即文章中反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的、與主題有關(guān)的諸如名詞、動詞等,冠詞或介詞等詞均不在關(guān)鍵詞之列。需要注意的是,為了避免同一詞的過多重復(fù),文章有時會使用這個詞的同義詞、近義詞或代詞指代。我們知道,并不是所有文章都包含明確的主題句,比如大多數(shù)的記敘文。記敘文的中心思想多隱藏在具體的細(xì)節(jié)中,作者通過眾多的細(xì)節(jié)事實對一個中心點進(jìn)行論述。因此,我們必須善于串聯(lián)主要細(xì)節(jié),從中歸納文章的中心思想。(2)注意段落主題句,歸納文章大意。段落的主題通常由被稱為主題句的句子來表示。主題句有兩個功能:①介紹段落的主題;②闡述控制概念,控制概念用以控制段落中句子討論的內(nèi)容。主題句通常是一段的第一句或末尾一句,偶爾在一段中間。我們在閱讀非故事性文章如科普文章的時候,主題句尤為明顯。有的文章無明顯的主題句,主題句隱含在段意之中。①主題句位于段首主題句位于段首是由作者先立論點,后擺事實講道理的寫作手法形成的。這種段落稱作演繹型段落。據(jù)有關(guān)統(tǒng)計數(shù)字表明,在英語議論文或說明文中,有60%~90%的主題句是段落的第一句。a.尋找主題句有些段落有明顯的引出細(xì)節(jié)的信息詞,常見的信息詞有:forexample,anexampleof,themostimportantexample,first,second,next,then,last,finally,tobeginwith,also,besidesthat等。在閱讀中,應(yīng)盡量利用上述信息詞確定主題句的位置。如果無明顯的信息詞,可先假設(shè)第一句為主題句,在第二句前面添加一個forexample,看看第二句是否可以支撐第一句話,如果第二句不能支撐第一句話,便在其他地方找出主題句。b.選擇答案先徹底弄懂主題句的句意,然后閱讀所給的選項,選擇與主題句句意相吻合的答案,如主題句的再現(xiàn),主題句句意的復(fù)述或推論等,排除與主題句句意無關(guān)的答案,如支撐細(xì)節(jié)和文章中未曾闡述的事實等。②主題句位于段末主題句位于段末是作者采用了先擺事實,后做結(jié)論的手法。這種段落稱作歸納型段落。③主題句位于段落的中間主題句偶爾也出現(xiàn)在段落的中間,但不一定就在正中間。有時,第一句并非主題句,而是承上啟下的過渡句。在這種情況下,第二句便成了主題句。此外,主題句也可能是段落的倒數(shù)第二句。一Plantsaremorethanjustprettytolookat.Theygiveusfruits,vegetablesandfoodweeat.Someplantsevenprovidematerialsformedicineorbuildingthings.Butdoyouknowthatplantscandosomethingevenmoreamazing?Theycanmakeourhomes,schoolsandworkplacesmuchhealthier.Wespendalargepartofourdayindoors.Unluckily,theairinsidebuildingscanoftenbefullofchemicals(化學(xué)物質(zhì))frommanythingsaroundus.Thispoorairquality(質(zhì)量)canmakeusfeelsick,causingsoreeyesandthroats,andevenmakingithardforustobreathe.Whentheairinsidebuildingsgetsreallybad,peopleevencallthem“sickbuildings”.Thegoodnewsisthatplantsarelikenature'slittlesuperheroes.Theyhaveamagicpowerfightingagainstbadair.Plantsbreatheincarbondioxide(CO2)andbreatheoutoxygen(O2)whichwehumansneedtolive.Theycanalsoaddmoisturetotheairifit'stoodry,makingitmorecomfortableforustobreathe.▲Scientistshavediscoveredthatplantshavetheabilitytotakeinharmfulchemicals,makingtheairaroundussafertobreathe.Theysetupacompletelyclosedbuildingcalled“bio-home”forexperiments.Beforetheyaddedplants,theairinsidewasfullofchemicalsandpeoplefoundithardtobreathe.Butaftertheyaddedplants,theairgotmuchcleaneranditbecameeasiertobreathe.Tomaketheairinsideevenbetter,thescientistsuseddifferentkindsofplants.Afterawhile,thebuildingwasn'ta“sickbuilding”anymore.Peoplecouldgoinsidewithoutfeelingunwell.

Soyousee,plantsarefantastic!Theyarenotonlybeautifultolookat,buttheyalsoprovideuswithfood,helpcreatematerialsandplayanimportantroleinourhealth.Theymakeourindoorenvironmentscleanerandhealthier,makingusfeelbetter.Nexttimeyouseeaplant,rememberalltheamazingthingsitcandoforus!1.Whichofthefollowingisonewayforplantstoimprovetheairinsidebuildings?A.Theybreatheoutcarbondioxide.B.Theyproduceoxygen.C.Theygiveoutharmfulchemicals.D.Theymaketheairdry.2.Whichcanbethebesttofillintheblank▲inParagraph4?

A.Butthemostamazingthingplantscandoistocleantheair.B.Butoneinterestingthingplantscandoistobuildthings.C.Butplantscanprovidewhathumansneedtoeat.D.Butplantscanbeusedtomakemedicineforhumans.3.Howdoesthewritersupporthisopinionaboutplantsimprovingairquality?A.Bytellingpersonalexperiences. B.Byprovidingnumbersandforms.C.Byquestioningfamousscientists. D.Byusingscientificexperiments.4.Whatdoesthewritermainlywanttotellus?A.Plantsareimportantforprovidingfood.B.Plantsmakepeoplelookmuchbetter.C.Plantsaregoodforindoorenvironments.D.Plantsmakeiteasiertobuildhouses.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了植物在凈化空氣,改善室內(nèi)環(huán)境方面的作用。主題語境屬于“人與自然”范疇中“自然生態(tài)”這一主題群,涉及子主題“人與自然相互依存,綠色生活的理念和行為”。1.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第三、四句“Plantsbreatheincarbondioxide(CO2)andbreatheoutoxygen(O2)...makingitmorecomfortableforustobreathe.”以及第四段第二句中的“plantshavetheabilitytotakeinharmfulchemicals”可知,植物吸收二氧化碳,釋放氧氣,增加空氣濕度,吸收空氣中的有害化學(xué)物質(zhì)。故選B。2.A句子還原題。設(shè)空處位于段首,對本段的內(nèi)容起概括作用。根據(jù)空后一句“Scientistshavediscoveredthatplantshavetheabilitytotakeinharmfulchemicals,makingtheairaroundussafertobreathe.”可知,本段的主要內(nèi)容與植物對空氣的凈化作用有關(guān),A選項“但是植物能做的最神奇的事情是凈化空氣?！狈险Z境,故選A。3.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第二句“Scientistshavediscoveredthat...makingtheairaroundussafertobreathe.”和第三句“Theysetupacompletelyclosedbuildingcalled‘bio-home’forexperiments.”可知,作者利用科學(xué)實驗來說明植物能夠提升空氣質(zhì)量,故選D。4.C寫作目的題。通讀全文可知,文章主要介紹了植物在凈化空氣,改善室內(nèi)環(huán)境方面的作用,故選C。二Inthenearfuture,thedoctorswhotreatourillnessmightbetinymachinesthatswimthroughourbodies.Somemovieshaveplayedwiththeideaofmakingmachinesthesizeofacell(細(xì)胞).Todayrobottechnologyhasbroughttheideaclosertothereallife.Inmylaboratory,I’mjusttryingtobuildsuchintelligent,orsmart,tinyrobots.Tinylivingthings,suchasbacteria(細(xì)菌),havemanyintelligentactions.Ifwecanmakerobotscopysomeofthem,it’sveryexciting.Thewaybacteriatravelacrosstheirenvironmentisunbelievable.Atfirst,theymovearoundwithoutpurpose,butwhentheystartsensingfood,likeanaminoacid(氨基酸),theywillmovegraduallyinthatdirection.Asanexpertmakingrobots,Ithinkitisgreattomaketinyrobotsthatcandothesamething.Forexample,lookatsomethinglikeE.coli(大腸桿菌).Itcansenseaminoacidsaroundit.Itcanchangehowit’smoving.Itcanrebuildorrepairitself.Infact,E.colidoesallthesesowellthatsomeresearchersareusingitaspartoftheirtinymachines.TheyaremakingtheirtinyrobotsgetfreeridesfromE.coli.AndE.colidoesallthesensingfortinyrobotsanddirectstheirmovements.We’realreadyusingsmallerandsmallermedicaltools,likecatheters(導(dǎo)管)thatcantraveldeepintoyourbraintotreatabloodclot(血塊).Next,wewillputtinyrobotsintothebodythatcantravelintoevensmallerspacesandtreatillnessatanearlytime.Imagineatinyrobotthatcantreatabloodclotdeepinyourbrainthatcan’tbereachedwiththecathetersweareusingtoday.Wemaynotactuallyneedsomethingaspowerfulasartificialintelligence(AI)inthesecases.Wecanstillbuildaveryusefultinyrobotwithalowdegreeofintelligence.Forexample,ifatinyrobotnoticesabloodclot,itcanslowlymoveinthatdirection,andcarrymedicinedirectlytothatpart.Itmightonlyhavetheintelligenceofbacteriabutcouldstillwork.34.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewriter?A.Thewriterisamiddleschoolteacher. B.Thewriterisadentistfromahospital.C.Thewriterisanexpertmakingrobots. D.Thewriterisanexpertmakingmedicine.35.WhataresomeresearchersdoingaccordingtoParagraph3?A.UsingtinyrobotstosenseE.coli. B.LettingE.coliworkfortheirtinyrobots.C.ChangingtinyrobotsintoE.coli’sdrivers. D.TellingtinyrobotstodirectE.coli’smovements.36.Whatdoesthewriterthinkofthecatheterstoday?A.Theywillbewidelyusedbydoctorsinthefuture. B.Theyarenotabletogettotinierareasinthebody.C.Theywillbesmarterthantinyrobotsinthefuture. D.Theycanhelpdoctorstakecareofpatientsontime.37.What’sthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.AIplaysanimportantroleindevelopingtinyrobots.B.Tinyrobotscanrunfastandtreatabloodcloteasily.C.Tinyrobotswithalowdegreeofintelligencearestilluseful.D.Westillneedverypowerfulartificialintelligencetotreatillness.【答案】34.C35.B36.B37.C【解析】本文介紹了微型機器人在醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用情況。34.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Inmylaboratory,I’mjusttryingtobuildsuchintelligent,orsmart,tinyrobots.”以及“Asanexpertmakingrobots,Ithinkitisgreattomaketinyrobotsthatcandothesamething.”可知，作者是一名制造機器人的專家，故選C。35.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Infact,E.colidoesallthesesowellthatsomeresearchersareusingitaspartoftheirtinymachines...AndE.colidoesallthesensingfortinyrobotsanddirectstheirmovements.”可知，一些研究人員把大腸桿菌作為他們的微型機器的一部分，讓他們的微型機器人免費搭乘大腸桿菌，大腸桿菌為微型機器人做所有的傳感并指導(dǎo)它們的運動，故選B。36.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“We’realreadyusingsmallerandsmallermedicaltools,likecatheters(導(dǎo)管)thatcantraveldeepintoyourbraintotreatabloodclot(血塊)...can’tbereachedwiththecathetersweareusingtoday”可知，現(xiàn)在醫(yī)療界已經(jīng)在使用越來越小的醫(yī)療工具，比如微型機器人，那么隨著科技的發(fā)展，微型機器人將被醫(yī)生更加廣泛地使用，來到達(dá)導(dǎo)管到不了的地方。故選B。37.段落大意題。根據(jù)“Wemaynotactuallyneedsomethingaspowerfulasartificialintelligence(AI)inthesecases...Itmightonlyhavetheintelligenceofbacteriabutcouldstillwork.”可知，本段主要是說智能程度低的微型機器人還是有用的，故選C。三Howdopeoplethinkdifferently?Thishasalwaysbeenunusual.Tosearchananswer,ascientistnamedJ.PGuilfordstartedafamousstudyofcreativityinthe1970s,knownasthenine-dotpuzzle.Heaskedtheparticipants(參與者)toconnectallninedotsusingonlyfourstraightlines,withoutliftingtheirpencilsfromthepage.Alltheparticipantslookedforsolutionswithinthesquaretheyimagined.Only20percentmanagedtobreakoutofthesquareandcontinuetheirlinesinthewhitespacearoundthedots,whiletherestofthemwereblindedbytheboundaries(邊界)ofthesquare.TheresultsofGuilford’sstudyledhimtoaconclusion：creativityneedsyoutogooutsidethebox.Theideawaswidelyspreadsoon.Overnight,itseemedthatcreativityexpertseverywherewereteachingmanagershowtothinkoutsidethebox.Theideawassopopularthatnoonethoughtofcheckingthefacts.Noone,thatis,beforetwodifferentresearchteams:ClarkeBurhamwithKennethDavis,andJosephAlbawithRobertWeisberg,didanotherexperiment.TomakesurethatGuilford’sstudyiscorrect,bothteamsdividedparticipantsintotwogroups.ThefirstgroupwasgiventhesameinstructionsastheparticipantsinGuilford’sexperiment.Thesecondgroupwastoldtodrawthelinesoutsidetheimaginedbox.Guesswhat?Onlyalittlemorethan20percentsolvedthepuzzle,whichisnobigdifferencefromtheresultofGuilford’sexperiment.Let’slookalittlemorecloselyatthesurprisingresult.Solvingthisproblemrequirespeopletothinkoutsidethebox.However,directandclearinstructionsto“thinkoutsidethebox”donothelpparticipantsimprovetheirperformance.Thewidelyspreadideathatout-of-the-boxthinkingmakespeoplemorecreativecan,insomeway,bedangerous.Afterall,withonesimplebutbrilliantexperiment,researchershadprovedthattheconnectionbetweenthinkingoutsidetheboxandcreativitywasamisunderstanding.38.Whichofthefollowingpatternscansolvethenine-dotpuzzle?A. B. C. D.39.Thenine-dotpuzzlestudyismainlyfocusedon__________A.howpeopledothingsinreallife.B.Somestudentsdon’tenjoybeingoutside.C.whatknowledgepeoplehavelearned.D.howpeoplethinkindifferentways.40.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.PuzzleSolving:AKeytoCreativityB.Nine-DotPuzzle:AMagicTestC.ThinkingOutsidetheBox:AMisleadingIdeaD.CreativeThinking:AnUnusualTopic【答案】38.B39.D40.C【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了20世紀(jì)70年代，一位名叫J.P.Guilford的心理學(xué)家進(jìn)行了一項著名的關(guān)于創(chuàng)造力的研究，名為“九點謎題”，這讓Guilford得出了一個籠統(tǒng)的結(jié)論：創(chuàng)造力需要你跳出框框。但是后來有人通過研究證明這個結(jié)論是一個誤導(dǎo)。38.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Heaskedtheparticipants(參與者)toconnectallninedotsusingonlyfourstraightlines,withoutliftingtheirpencilsfromthepage.Alltheparticipantslookedforsolutionswithinthesquaretheyimagined.Only20percentmanagedtobreakoutofthesquareandcontinuetheirlinesinthewhitespacearoundthedots,whiletherestofthemwereblindedbytheboundaries(邊界)ofthesquare.”可知，他要求參與者在不把鉛筆從紙上拿起來的情況下，只用四條直線把九個點連起來。所有的參與者都在他們想象的廣場內(nèi)尋找解決方案。只有20%的人成功地突破了正方形，并在圓點周圍的空白區(qū)域繼續(xù)他們的線條，而其余的人則被正方形的邊界蒙蔽了雙眼。結(jié)合選項，圖B符合。故選B。39.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Howdopeoplethinkdifferently?Thishasalwaysbeenunusual.Tosearchananswer,ascientistnamedJ.PGuilfordstartedafamousstudyofcreativityinthe1970s,knownasthenine-dotpuzzle”可知，“九點謎題”這項研究主要關(guān)注的是人們是如何用不同的方法思考的。故選D。40.最佳標(biāo)題題。通讀全文可知，文章主要介紹了20世紀(jì)70年代，一位名叫J.P.Guilford的心理學(xué)家進(jìn)行了一項著名的關(guān)于創(chuàng)造力的研究，名為“九點謎題”，這讓Guilford得出了一個籠統(tǒng)的結(jié)論：創(chuàng)造力需要你跳出框框。但是后來有人通過研究證明這個結(jié)論是一個誤導(dǎo)。所以選項C“跳出思維定勢：一個誤導(dǎo)性的想法”是最好的標(biāo)題，故選C。四Howdoplantsgrowinspace?AnexperimentattheTiangongspacestationcanprovidetheanswer.Chineseastronautshavesuccessfullygrownriceseedlings(幼苗),whichmayshowushowastronautscancultivatefoodtosupportlong-termspaceflights.“Thericeseedlingsaregrowingverywell.”ZhengHuiqiong,ascientistattheCenterforExcellenceinMolecularPlantSciencesoftheChineseAcademyofSciences,toldChinaDaily.SincethericeexperimentbeganonJuly29,2022,theseedlingsofthetallshootricevariety(高桿水稻品種)havereachedaheightofabout30centimeters.Plus,theseedlingsofthedwarfricevariety(矮稈水稻品種)havegrowntoaround5centimeters.Whiletherehavebeenotherriceexperimentsinspace,theonebeingconductedonTiangongisthefirstofitskind.Itaimstoproducethecompletelifecycleoftheplant,whichbeginswithaseedandendswithagrownplantproducingnewseeds.Theastronautswillkeepstudyingtheplants.Iftheexperimentissuccessful,theywillcollectthenewlyproducedseedsandbringthembacktoEarthforfurtherstudies,Zhengadded.Sincethe1980s,Chinahasbeentakingtheseedsofcropstospace.Butgrowingriceinorbitisadifferentchallengeduetothehardconditionsinspace.Micro-gravity,noairandhigh-energycosmicraysmaymakeithardfortheplantstogrow.Ricehasbeenthemostimportantfoodforastronautsforalongtime.USastronautsontheApollo11mission—thefirsthumanstolandonthemooninJuly1969—atefreeze-driedchickenandriceduringtheirtriptospace.Ifsuchanexperimentgoeswell,astronautswillbeabletogrowtheirfoodinorbit,reducinghowmuchfoodhastobetakenonspaceflights.33.Whatdoes“cultivate”inParagraph1probablymean?A.find B.grow C.waste D.cook34.WhatisthepurposeofdescribingtheheightsofthericevarietiesinParagraph2?A.Totellusaboutthescientists’work. B.Tomakeusinterestedinspaceexploration.C.Toshowthericeexperimentisgoingwell. D.Tointroducedifferenttypesofriceseedlings.35.WhatisspecialaboutthericeexperimentbeingdoneonTiangong?A.It’sthefirstriceexperimentinspace.B.ThegravityonEarthwillinfluencethegrowingoftherice.C.It’sthefirstexperimenttotrytoproducericeinacompletelifecycle.D.Ifitworks,thenewlyproducedriceplantwillbebroughtbacktoEarth.36.Whatarethelasttwoparagraphsmainlyabout?A.Futurespacemissions. B.Theimportanceofthericeexperiment.C.Thebestfoodchoicesforastronauts. D.Changesinastronauts’foodthroughhistory.【答案】33.B34.C35.C36.B【解析】本文主要介紹了中國在太空種植植物方面取得的進(jìn)展，以及在太空中種植的意義、面臨的困難等。33.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“whichmayshowushowastronautscancultivatefoodtosupportlong-termspaceflights.”可知這可能向我們展示宇航員如何培育食物來支持長期太空飛行，故此處劃線部分和grow意義相近。故選B。34.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Thericeseedlingsaregrowingverywell...theseedlingsofthetallshootricevariety(高桿水稻品種)havereachedaheightofabout30centimeters.Plus,theseedlingsofthedwarfricevariety(矮稈水稻品種)havegrowntoaround5centimeters”可知此處提到這些植物的高度，是為了表明稻苗長得很好。故選C。35.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Itaimstoproducethecompletelifecycleoftheplant,whichbeginswithaseedandendswithagrownplantproducingnewseeds.”可知這次實驗旨在產(chǎn)生植物的完整生命周期，從種子開始，到生長的植物產(chǎn)生新種子結(jié)束，即這是第一次嘗試在一個完整的生命周期內(nèi)生產(chǎn)水稻的實驗。故選C。36.主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Ricehasbeenthemostimportantfoodforastronautsforalongtime...Ifsuchanexperimentgoeswell,astronautswillbeabletogrowtheirfoodinorbit,reducinghowmuchfoodhastobetakenonspaceflights.”可知最后兩段主要介紹了水稻試驗的重要性。故選B。五ChinaplanstosendonetothreenetworkbackupsatellitesfortheBeidouNavigationSatelliteSystem(BDS)intospacethisyeartoimprovethestability(穩(wěn)定性)andusabilityoftheconstellation(星座),accordingtothe13thChinaSatelliteNavigationConferenceonThursday,April27,2023.BeidouisapositioningsystemdevelopedbyChina.Chinaisthethirdcountryintheworldtohaveitsownpositioningsystem.WithBeidou,Chinanolongerhastodependonforeignsystems.Thisisveryimportantfornationalsafety.WorkonBeidoubeganin1994.However,thefirsttwoBeidousatellites,werenotsentintospaceuntil2000.Atpresent,ithas45satellitesinorbit,including15forBDS-2and30forBDS-3.Thesesatelliteshaveformedaglobalnetwork.ThecompleteBeidouwillbemorepowerfulthananyotherpositioningsystembeingusedallovertheworld.YangChangfengisadesignerofBeidou.Hesaysthatthesystemcannoticethesway(搖擺)ofabuildinginstrongwinds.Beidouhasbroughtmanyadvantagesinourlives.Let’stakeShanghaiasanexample.ThousandsofbuseshavebeenusingBeidou.Whenwearewaitingforabus,wecanknowwhenitisabouttocome.ManysmartphoneshavebeenusingBeidouaswell.Manypeoplesay,“LetmeturnonmyGPS.”“Infact,theirphonesareusingBeidou.”jokesasalespersoninBeijing.Chinawillspeeduptheintegration(融合)ofBDSwithnewtechnologiessuchas5G,artificialintelligenceandbigdata.Itaimstobuildamorecommon,integrated,andintelligentnationalsystemofspaceandtimeby2035.The3-dayconferencekickedoffWednesdayinBeijing.Morethan4,000expertsandscholarsfromhomeandabroadinthesatellitenavigationfieldattendedtheconferenceonlineandoffline.ChinaDaily28April202337.WhendidChinasendthefirsttwoBeidousatellitesintospace?A.In1994. B.In2000. C.In2023. D.In2035.38.WhatistrueaboutBeidouaccordingtoParagraph3?A.Beidoucanswaybuildingsinstrongwinds. B.Beidouisveryimportantfornationalsafety.C.UsingBeidoutopositionbusesisconvenient. D.GPSwillworkbetterthanthecompleteBeidou.39.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.BDSwillprobablyhave46to48satellitesby2023.B.Over4,000expertsandscholarscametoBeijingtotheconference.C.Chinastartedtobuilditsownpositioningsysteminthe19thcentury.D.ThreecountriesdevelopedtheirownpositioningsystemsbeforeChina.40.Whatisthebeststructureofthetext?A.①/②③④⑤ B.①②/③④/⑤ C.①②③/④⑤ D.①/②③④/⑤【答案】37.B38.C39.A40.D【解析】本文主要介紹了中國的北斗定位系統(tǒng)以及中國計劃今年將北斗導(dǎo)航衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)的一到三顆網(wǎng)絡(luò)備份衛(wèi)星送入太空。37.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“However,thefirsttwoBeidousatellites,werenotsentintospaceuntil2000.”可知，中國在2000年將首批兩顆北斗衛(wèi)星送入太空。故選B。38.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ThousandsofbuseshavebeenusingBeidou.Whenwearewaitingforabus,wecanknowwhenitisabouttocome”可知，數(shù)千輛公交車一直在使用北斗系統(tǒng)。當(dāng)我們在等公共汽車的時候，我們可以知道它什么時候會來。由此可知，使用北斗定位公交車很方便，故選C。39.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段以及第二段“Atpresent,ithas45satellitesinorbit,including15forBDS-2and30forBDS-3.”可推知，中國已有45顆在軌衛(wèi)星，而中國計劃在2023年將北斗導(dǎo)航衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)的一到三顆網(wǎng)絡(luò)備份衛(wèi)星送入太空。由此可推測，在2023年北斗系統(tǒng)可能擁有46至48顆衛(wèi)星。故選A。40.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。第一段主要講述了中國計劃今年將北斗導(dǎo)航衛(wèi)星系統(tǒng)的一到三顆網(wǎng)絡(luò)備份衛(wèi)星送入太空，引出話題，為第一部分；第二段到第四段主要介紹北斗定位系統(tǒng)，為第二部分；第五段主要介紹了在北京舉行的中國衛(wèi)星導(dǎo)航會議，為第三部分。所以文章的結(jié)構(gòu)為：①/②③④/⑤。故選D。六Howmuchwateristhereonthemoon?Thisisaquestionscientistshavetriedtoanswerforyears.ScientistsfromChinaandtheUKhavenowdiscoveredthatthemoonmayhavewater“reservoirs(水庫)”,saidarecentpaper.Overbillionsofyears,spacerockshavehitthesurfaceofthemoon,causingthesoiltomeltandgooutintospace.Itthencoolsdownandfallsbacktothemoon’ssurface,formingbeads(珠子)ofglass.TheChang’e5probe,whichreturnedtoEarthonDec17,