非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞

Non-predicate

Verbs在句子中充當(dāng)除謂語(yǔ)以外的句子成分的動(dòng)詞形式叫做非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞它不受人稱和數(shù)的限制高考語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)系列非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞分為三種形式:不定式：todo動(dòng)名詞：V.+ing

表主動(dòng)或進(jìn)行分詞:（現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞）

表被動(dòng)或完成eg.Heattendsthemeetingbeingheldintheroomnow.Heattendedthemeeting

heldyesterday.Hewillattendthemeetingtobeheld

tomorrow.1.從時(shí)態(tài)上看，-ingform表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，v-ed表示已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，todo表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。定語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

todo被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式tobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendonethenon-finiteformsoftheverb(非謂語(yǔ))theInfinitive(不定式)theGerund(動(dòng)名詞)theParticiple(分詞)thepresentParticiple(現(xiàn)在分詞)thepastParticiple(過(guò)去分詞)Participle:Thefunctionoftheparticiple:Attribute(定語(yǔ))Predictive(表語(yǔ))Objectivecomplement(賓補(bǔ))Adverbials(狀語(yǔ))ParticipleusedasadverbialsAdverbialoftime(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ))Adverbialofclause(原因狀語(yǔ))Adverbialofcondition(條件狀語(yǔ))Adverbialofconcession(讓步狀語(yǔ))Adverbialofaccompany(伴隨或方式狀語(yǔ))Adverbialofresult(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ))現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(yǔ)什么是狀語(yǔ)1.修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或句子2.表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方面、原因、結(jié)果、目的、條件、讓步、程度、方式、伴隨3.一般是副詞、介詞詞組、狀語(yǔ)從句可以表示時(shí)間,原因,結(jié)果,條件,行為方式或伴隨動(dòng)作等。1).Usingyourhead,you’llfindagoodway.Workinghard,you’llsurelysucceed.條件狀語(yǔ)IfyouuseyourheadIfyouworkhard2).Beingpoor,hecouldn’taffordaTVset.Notknowingheraddress,wecan’tgetintouchwithher.(原因)BecausehewaspoorAswedon’tknowheraddress3).Walkinginthestreet,Isawatailor’sshop.4).Hisfatherdied,leavingthefamilyevenworseoff.時(shí)間WhenIwaswalkinginthestreet.結(jié)果andthisleftthefamilyevenworseoff5)Fourpeopleenteredtheroomlookingaroundinacuriousway.=Fourpeopleenteredtheroomandlookedaroundinacuriousway.6)Hecamerunningbacktotellmethenews.伴隨狀語(yǔ)方式ing-form的基本形式

doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式完成式現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)的幾種形式一般形式：現(xiàn)在分詞的動(dòng)作和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生用：doingHearingthesadnews,sheburstintotears.2.完成式：當(dāng)分詞的動(dòng)作先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生用分詞的完成式：havingdone

Havingfinishedtheclass,shewenthome.=Afterfinishingtheclass,she……=Afterhehadfinishedtheclass,she

……進(jìn)行時(shí)分詞作狀語(yǔ)(beingdone)形式：(beingdone);意思：正在被Asshewasbeingnoticedbysomanypeople,shefeltnervous,Notknowingwhattosay.Beingnoticedbysomanypeople,shefeltnervous,Notknowingwhattosay.Astheywerebeingsupportedbythepeople,theycontinuedstruggling.Beingsupportedbythepeople,theycontinuedstruggling.完成時(shí)分詞作狀語(yǔ)havingdone表示1）對(duì)主句有影響

2）先于主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生Whenthefarmerhadwateredthevegetables,thefarmertookashortrest.Havingwateredthevegetables,thefarmertookashortrest.Ashehadseenthefilmtwice,hedidn’twanttogotothecinemawithhiswife.Havingseenthefilmtwice,hedidn’twanttogotothecinemawithhiswife.注意：現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必需與主句中主語(yǔ)一致。它們之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系用V-ing。被動(dòng)則用V-ed.

但是短語(yǔ)

generallyspeaking;judgingfrom/by;comparedwith;supposing;totellyouthetruth等是固定搭配。不受主語(yǔ)影響。

分詞作狀語(yǔ)分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與主句的主語(yǔ)保一致！Whenhelookedoutofthewindow,hefoundthatalotofpeoplehadgatheredonthestreet.Looking

outofthewindow,

hefoundthatalotofpeoplehadgatheredonthestreet.BecauseIhavenoticket,Ican’tseeafilm.Having

noticket,

I

can’tseeafilm.Ifyoudrivetoofast,youwilldamagethecar.Driving

toofast,

you

willdamagethecar.2.作狀語(yǔ)的V-ing形式和句子之間通常有一個(gè)逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，不能用并列連詞。

Studyinghard,andyouwillpasstheentranceexaminationtocollege.

Studyinghard,youwillpasstheentranceexaminationtocollege.Studyhard,andyouwillpasstheentranceexaminationtocollege.FTT3.為了使V-ing形式作狀語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的意思更為明確?？稍赩-ing

前加適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞（when;while;if;though;unless等）

Whilewaitingforthebus,hemetMary.1.Havingnotseenthefilm,Ican’ttellyouwhatIthinkofit.2.Themenworkedforextrahoursgotanextrapay.3.Seenfromthetopofthehill,wefindthecitymorebeautiful.4.Generallyspeak,facialexpressionsarehelpfulcommunications,too.NothavingworkingSeeingspeaking單句改錯(cuò)5.“Can’tyouread?”themansaid,angrilypointedtothenoticeonthewall.6.Knockingatthedoorbeforeentering,please.7.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,madeitthemostpopularsportintheworld.pointingKnockmakingPleasefindoutthepastparticiples.1.ThestolenbikebelongstoJack.2.Theglassisbroken.3.Maryheardhernamecalledbyastranger.4.Influencedbytheeventsofthelate19thcenturyandhiseducation,youngCoubertindevelopedafirmbeliefthatsportspossessedthepowertobenefithumanbeingsandcouragepeaceamongthenationsoftheworld._______________________________1.作定語(yǔ)2.作表語(yǔ)3.作賓補(bǔ)4.作狀語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞

Grammar

過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)ThePastParticipleastheAdverbial1.Whenourfutureschoolisseen

fromthespace,ourfutureschoollookslikeaplate.

Seenfromthespace,ourfutureschoollookslikeaplate.ourfutureschoolCombinethetwosentencesWhenitisseenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.Seenfromthehill，thepark…可在過(guò)去分詞前加上連詞when,while,until等來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間概念。1.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)（time）2.BecauseShe

issurprisedattheschoolbag,sheturnsherheadbacktofindoutwhathappens.Surprised

attheschoolbag,sheturnsherheadbacktofindoutwhathappens.

Ourfutureschoolbag2.原因狀語(yǔ)（cause）Becausetheboywasgreatlytouchedbyhisteacher’swords,hedidalotofthingstohelphisclassmates.Greatlytouchedbytheteacher’swords…Becausehewassurprisedatwhathappened,Tomdidn’tknowwhattodo.Surprisedatwhathappened…3.IfIamgivenatimemachine,Iwillpayavisittothefuture.Givenatimemachine,Iwillpayavisittothefuture.

atimemachine3.條件狀語(yǔ)（condition）Ifweweregivenmoretime,

wecoulddoitmuchbetter.Givenmoretime…Ifitisheatedtoahightemperature,waterwillchangeintovapor.Heatedtoahightemperature…_______bytheParty,hehasmademuchprogress.A.EducatedB.EducatingC.BeeducatedD.HavingeducatedDoingordone?A淋了雨,他全身濕透.Caughtintherain,hewaswetallover.=Becausehewascaughtintherain,hewaswetallover.4.讓步狀語(yǔ)（concession）Thoughtheyhadbeenwarnedofthestorm,

thefarmerswerestillworkinginthefields.Thoughwarnedofthestorm…EvenifI’minvited,Iwon’ttakepartintheparty.Evenifinvited…

5.方式、伴隨狀語(yǔ)

Accompanyingaction/mannerTheteacherenteredtheclassroom,

andhewasfollowedbyagroupofstudents.Theteacherenteredtheclassroom,followedbyagroupofstudents.Theteacherstoodthereand

wassurroundedbythestudents.Theteacherstoodthere,surroundedbythestudents.2.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)表示_____/或______的動(dòng)作,相當(dāng)一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。3.過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其邏輯主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)要保持一致。過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)

被動(dòng)完成summary1.過(guò)去分詞在句子中可以作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、伴隨狀語(yǔ)、條件狀語(yǔ)和讓步狀語(yǔ)等。_______fromthehill,the

city

lookslike

a

big

garden.如果句子的主語(yǔ)和分詞是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,用_______，句子的主語(yǔ)和分詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，用_________。現(xiàn)在分詞過(guò)去分詞重難點(diǎn)辨析（一）：主語(yǔ)一致_______fromthehill,youwillfindthe

city

looks

like

a

big

garden.

SeenSeeingFollowingtheoldman,wewentupstairs.(跟著那個(gè)老人,

我們上去了)2.Followedbytheoldman,wewentupstairs.(被那個(gè)老人跟著,

我們上去了)Compare3.從上面看,體育場(chǎng)好像一個(gè)鳥(niǎo)巢。

____fromthetop,thestadiumlookslikeabirdnest.A.SeeingB.Seen4.從太空看,宇航員看不到長(zhǎng)城。____fromthespace,theastronautcannotdiscovertheGreatWall.A.SeeingB.Seen分詞作狀語(yǔ)練習(xí)1.

(write)inahurry,thereportisfullofmistakes.2.

(be)shortofmoney,theyhadtospendthenightinasmallhotel.3.Allthings

(consider),hehasdonehisbest.4.Thestudents

(do)alltheexercises,theteacherwenttoexplainthetext.WrittenBeingconsideredhavingdone5.Theweather

(be)soterrible,wehadtospendthedayathomewatchingTV.6.

(graduate)fromthecollege,hewenttoavillageandworkedasateacherthere.7.Wecouldn’thelpthem,

(be)sopoorourselves.8.Herushedoff,even

(forget)totakehisovercoat.beingHavinggraduated

beingforgettinging-form的基本形式

doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式完成式9.Weather

(permit),thespaceshipwillbelaunchedtomorrow.10.Thelastbus

(go),wehadtowalkhome.11.

(give)moretime,Icouldperformmydutymoresatisfactorily.12.

(judge)fromlastyear’sexperience,thecoachknowsheshouldnotexpecttoomuchofhisteam.permittinghavinggoneGivenJudging13.Istayedupallnight

tofindanewsolutiontotheproblem.trying B.havetriedC.try D.tried14.

withthedevelopedcountries,someAfricancountriesareleftfarbehindintermsofpeople’slivingstandard.Compare B.TocompareC.Compared D.ComparingAC15.

,theSmithswentoutforaswiminthelake.Itwashot B.ThedaywashotC.Itishot D.Thedaybeinghot16.

foralongtime,theflowerisalmostdying.HavingnotwateredB.NotwateringC.NothavingbeenwateredD.NotbeenwateredDC

獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)

+分詞短語(yǔ)+主謂結(jié)構(gòu)

(A,C中的主語(yǔ)不同）

AC獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)和分詞短語(yǔ)一樣可以用作狀語(yǔ)表時(shí)間、原因、條件等。Allthemoneyhavingbeenspent,westartedlookingforwork.(=Afterallthemoneyhadbeenspent,……)Nobodyhavinganymoretosay,themeetingwasclosed.(=Sincenobodyhadanymoretosay,……)獨(dú)立成分：有些分詞短語(yǔ)可以做獨(dú)立成分，用來(lái)解釋整個(gè)句子，不受句子主語(yǔ)的限制。常見(jiàn)的分詞短語(yǔ)有：generally(frankly,honestly…)speaking,supposing(假設(shè)),judgingfrom(從…判斷),talkingof（談到),speakingof（談到）等。Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecarefulthanboys.Supposing

youlose,whatwillyoudo?Judgingfromhisaccent,hemustbefromthenorth.Talkingoftravel,haveyoueverbeentoBeijing?1.Hislegbadly____,hehadtostayinbed.A.washurtB.hurtC.tohurtD.hurting=Becausehislegwasbadlyhurt,hehadtostayinbed.B獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一、獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的構(gòu)成形式1.名/代（邏輯主語(yǔ)）+分詞(doing/done)

1.Weather____,wewillgooutforawalk.A.permitsB.permittedC.permittingD.topermit=Ifweatherpermits,wewill....(分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是weather，而句子的主語(yǔ)是we，兩者不構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，所以只能用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，也就是給現(xiàn)在分詞補(bǔ)充一個(gè)主語(yǔ)。)C2.名/代（邏輯主語(yǔ)）+不定式（todo）Theexam______tomorrow,Ican'tgotothecinematonight.A.toholdB.beingheldC.tobeheldD.havingbeenheld=Becausetheexamistobeheldtomorrow,Ican'tgotothecinema.C動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

todo被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式進(jìn)行式完成式tobedonetobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendone3.______thatsomeguestswerecoming,theygottheroomready.A.HavingbeentoldB.HavingtoldC.TellingD.Totellhavingbeendoneorhavingdone?A

Lost/Absorbedindeepthought,hedidn'thearthesound.Surprisedatwhathadhappened,Tomdidn’tknowwhattodo.1，有些過(guò)去分詞因來(lái)源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)，作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不表被動(dòng)而表主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。lost(迷路);seated(坐);hidden(躲);lost/absorbedin(沉溺于);born(出身于);dressedin(穿著);2，由某些動(dòng)詞后面加-ed轉(zhuǎn)化來(lái)的形容詞也具有此用法。如：frightened,satisfied,tired,disappointed等。重難點(diǎn)辨析（二）：不表被動(dòng)的特殊情況Afterheheardastrongsound,hewentoutoftheroomforalook.=Hearing

astrangesound,hewentoutof….Asthegirlwasseriouslyill,shewastakentohospitalimmediately.Beingseriouslyill,thegirlwastakento….be-beingAsshedidn’tknowanyFrench,shecouldn’tgetanyonetohelpher.NotknowinganyFrench,shecouldn’tgetanyonetohelpher.

分詞作狀語(yǔ)答題記憶口訣分詞作狀語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)是問(wèn)題。逗號(hào)前后兩動(dòng)作，共用一主語(yǔ)。主語(yǔ)找出后，再來(lái)判關(guān)系。主動(dòng)-ing,被動(dòng)用-ed。Havingbeendone表先后，千萬(wàn)要牢記。使用過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)容易錯(cuò)的兩種情況1.忽視了分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須是句中主語(yǔ)(或主動(dòng)或被動(dòng))。如:

Ifheated,_______.

peoplecanturnwaterintogas

B.onecan