1、虛擬語氣培訓課件 虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式。 1. 用來表示說話人所說的話不是一個事實，而是一種假設、猜測、疑心等(在條件從句中或讓步狀語從句中)； 2. 表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等 (在賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)。虛擬語氣的概念 英語中的虛擬語氣有2種構成形式： 1：用did 或had done來表示 2：用should+do 表示并且should 可以省略。虛擬語氣的構成形式Were 型虛擬語氣型虛擬語氣一、在條件從句中 (叫虛擬條件句)，表示與事實相反的條件。分三種情況(以 do 為例)：虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在 在條件從句中在條件從句中表示與事實情表示與事實情況相反況相

2、反條件從句的謂語形式條件從句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式表示現(xiàn)在情況表示現(xiàn)在情況過去式過去式(did)(be常用常用 were)Would / could / might / should (用于第用于第1人稱人稱) +動詞原形動詞原形(do)表示過去情況表示過去情況過去完成式過去完成式(had +done上面上面4個情態(tài)動詞個情態(tài)動詞+have done表示將來情況表示將來情況過去式過去式 (did)should + do were to do4個情態(tài)動詞個情態(tài)動詞 + do1.If you _a few minutes earlier, you _met him.2. 要是你早來

3、幾分鐘的話，你就能見到他了。要是你早來幾分鐘的話，你就能見到他了。3.2. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. (與將來事實可能相反與將來事實可能相反)4.3. If I were you, I would go at once. 5. 假設我是你的話，我會馬上走。假設我是你的話，我會馬上走。虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在 在條件從句中在條件從句中Were 型虛擬語氣型虛擬語氣had comewould have(與過去事實相反)(與現(xiàn)在事實相反，事實上我不可能是你)Were 型虛擬語氣型虛擬語氣二、省略二、省略 if 的條件從句的條件

4、從句當從句中有 were, had 或 should 時，可省略if ，而把它們放在句首，形成倒裝句型。 If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet him tomorrow, If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Should he fail in the experiment 虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在 在條件從句中在條件從句中Were 型虛擬語氣型虛擬語氣三、錯綜時間的條件句三、錯綜時間的條件句

5、即從句與主句的動作發(fā)生的時間不同。此時，需要按時間來確定虛擬形式。如：1.If they _hard, they _it easily now. 如果他們以前努力學習的話，現(xiàn)在干的就會容易些。 2. If he _my advice, he _it much better like this. 如果他不聽取我的建議，他就不會干得這樣好。 虛擬語氣在復合句中的應用：虛擬語氣在復合句中的應用：had studiedcould dohad not takenwouldnt do四、一些介詞短語, 如:but for(要不是), without, otherwise(否那么), in that cas

6、e(如果是那樣的話), 表示含蓄的條件,這時主句要用虛擬語氣 Without your help, we would not have made such rapid progress.虛擬語氣在含蓄條件句中的應用：虛擬語氣在含蓄條件句中的應用：Were 型虛擬語氣型虛擬語氣She wasnt feeling very well. Otherwise she wouldnt have left the meeting so early.A gentleman wouldnt have said so.-Why didnt Henry come?-He _except she didnt hav

7、e time.A. would have come B. will comeC. would come D. be comingA五、wish接賓語從句： 1) 現(xiàn)在：用過去式 2) 過去：用過去完成式 (had done) 3) 將來：用情態(tài)動詞(would / could) + doWere 型虛擬語氣型虛擬語氣1. I wish she _on my side. 我希望她能站在我一邊。 2. I wish I were 30 years younger. 我但愿自己能年輕三十歲。3. I wish (that) you a good job. 我希望你能找到一個好職業(yè)。4. He wis

8、hed he _it. 他想要是他沒這樣做該多好。would bewould gethadnt doneWere 型虛擬語氣型虛擬語氣六、在六、在would (had) rather(寧愿寧愿) 引導的賓語引導的賓語從句中從句中 當從句表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼臅r間時當從句表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼臅r間時,謂語動詞要謂語動詞要用一般過去時用一般過去時;表示過去時間時表示過去時間時,謂語動詞謂語動詞要用過去完成時。要用過去完成時。I would rather he came tomorrow than today.虛擬語氣在：虛擬語氣在：在賓語從句中在賓語從句中 Were 型虛擬語氣型虛擬語氣七、在as if 從句

9、中，常用虛擬形式，即表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，用過去式；與過去事實相反用過去完成式 (had done).1. as if 連接表語從句 she looked as if she were made of ice. 她看起來似乎是冰做的 he looked as if he hadnt slept for two days.2. as if 連接讓步狀語從 句 She looked after the boy as if he were her own son. 她照顧這男孩就像自己的兒子一樣。He speaks to us as if he had been there. 他給我們講的好象他去過那

10、兒。 八、 if only 意為：假設是.那該多好啊; 真希望.; 只要, 只要.就好 表示現(xiàn)在的情況,應用過去式; 如果是過去的情況,應用過去完成時態(tài) If only I had arrived in time!If only she didnt drive so fast.Were 型虛擬語氣型虛擬語氣Be 型虛擬語氣型虛擬語氣一、這些動詞后面接的賓語從句： 建議建議(suggest, advise, propose, recommend) ，要求要求(demand, request, require), 命令命令(order, command),堅決要求堅決要求(insist)此外，還有

11、prefer, intend, decide, permit等后的賓語從句中也要用(should )do.虛擬語氣在：虛擬語氣在：在賓語從句中在賓語從句中 Be 型虛擬語氣型虛擬語氣例句1. He ordered that the students wash the clothes every week by themselves. 他要求學生每周都要自己洗衣服。2. The workers demanded that their wages _(raise) by 10%.3. I prefer that you _(eat) the meat.虛擬語氣在：虛擬語氣在：在賓語從句中在賓語從句

12、中 (should) be raisednot eatBe 型虛擬語氣型虛擬語氣insist / suggest 各有兩種意思，要用不同的語氣各有兩種意思，要用不同的語氣Insist 表示表示“堅決要求時，用虛擬形式，堅決要求時，用虛擬形式， 即即 should + do;Insist 表示表示“堅稱，堅持說堅稱，堅持說, 堅決認為時，用陳述語堅決認為時，用陳述語 氣，表示事實。氣，表示事實。Suggest 表示表示“建議時，用虛擬形式。建議時，用虛擬形式。Suggest 表示表示“說明、暗示時，用陳述語氣。說明、暗示時，用陳述語氣。虛擬語氣在：虛擬語氣在：在賓語從句中在賓語從句中 Be 型虛

13、擬語氣型虛擬語氣例句例句The teacher suggested that we_ (clean) the blackboard after class. 老師建議我們課后把黑板擦了。老師建議我們課后把黑板擦了。 He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. 他堅持要我們大家想盡方法按時去那兒。他堅持要我們大家想盡方法按時去那兒。 He insisted that he was right.虛擬語氣在：虛擬語氣在：在賓語從句中在賓語從句中 (should) cleanBe 型虛擬語氣型虛擬語氣二、在句型二、在

14、句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural, essential) that . 中，中，that 后面的從句中的謂語動詞用：后面的從句中的謂語動詞用： should + 動詞原形動詞原形. Its necessary that we should have a walk now. 我們有必要出去散散步。我們有必要出去散散步。 Its natural that she should do so. 她這樣做是很自然的。她這樣做是很自然的。Its important that we should take good care of the pa

15、tient. 重要的是我們要照顧好病人。重要的是我們要照顧好病人。虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在 在主語從句中在主語從句中Be 型虛擬語氣型虛擬語氣三、主句的主語常是表示說話人愿望(wish / desire)、建議(suggestion / advice) 要求(requirement / demand)、命令(order, command)等的名詞，表語從句的謂語動詞用 (should) + do.Our suggestion is that you (should) be there on time.虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在 在表語從句中在表語從句中Be 型虛擬語氣型虛擬語氣四、同位語從句的先行詞常是

16、表示說話人愿望、建議、要求、命令等的名詞。 The suggestion that students (should) learn something practical is worth considering. Do you know the order that you (should) keep watch.虛擬語氣在虛擬語氣在 在同位語從句中在同位語從句中Be 型虛擬語氣型虛擬語氣1. 表示祝愿表示祝愿 用動詞原型用動詞原型 May all your dreams come true! May you have a long and happy life. God bless you

17、!2. Its (high/right) time that that 從句要用虛擬語氣：謂語可用過去時從句要用虛擬語氣：謂語可用過去時或或should + do 常用過去時常用過去時 Its time that you left here. It is time that you should leave here.虛擬語氣中的幾個特例虛擬語氣中的幾個特例It 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣3.在for fear that, in order that, so that, lest引導的目的狀語從句中用should do.He reminded her twice of it lest she shoul

18、d forget.I will not make a noise for fear that I should disturb you.虛擬語氣中的幾個特例虛擬語氣中的幾個特例虛擬語氣虛擬語氣1、表示說話人的要求、建議、命令時，常用(should) do表示虛擬形式, 主要用于名詞性從句中。2、其它情況常用兩種形式：表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反，用過去式；表示與過去事實相反用過去完成式。簡單的歸納簡單的歸納虛擬語氣虛擬語氣1. Alan _ the party if he had gone to London.2. A. would have missed B. had missed3. C. woul

19、d miss D. missed4. 2. If I had known you were coming, I _ you at the airport.5. A. had met B. met6. C. would meet D. would have metExercisesAD虛擬語氣虛擬語氣3. If only I _ to my parents! (But I didnt.) A. listened B. had listened C. should listen D. would listen4. Tom suggested that Ann _ the house. A. sel

20、l B. sold C. shall sell D. would sell5. I wish this bus _ to the university. A. go B. went C. has gone D. had goneBAB虛擬語氣虛擬語氣6. Simon looks as though he never _ a square meal(吃得飽), though his parents feed him very well. A. get B. getting C. got D. should get7. He is talking so much about America as

21、if he _ there. A. had been B. were C. was D. been8. I _ you some money, but I hadnt got any then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lentCAB虛擬語氣虛擬語氣9. Have you ever been to Beijing? - No, but I wish I _. A. have B. will C. do D. had10. I dont think it is the right time that y

22、ou _. A. will go B. went C. go D. must go11. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it . A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been brokenDBC虛擬語氣虛擬語氣1.Everything _ if Albert hadnt called the fire brigade. A. will be destroyed B. will have been destroyed C. would be destr

23、oyed D. would have been destroyed2.If you hadnt gone with Tom to the party last night,_. A.you would meet John already B. you wont have missed John C.you will have met John D. you would have met John虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 3.Supposing this ship _, do you think there would be enough life jackets for all the passeng

24、ers? A. was sinking B. has sunk C. were to sink D. sunk4.The teacher suggested that each student _ a plan for the vacation.A. made B. make C. makes D. will make5.Frankly, Id rather you _ anything about it for the time being.A. do B. dont do C. didnt do D. had not do虛擬語氣虛擬語氣 8.I wish our teacher _ to

25、 give another test. I havent got prepared yet.A. isnt going B. werent going C. will not going D. could have gone9.I wish I _ to the movies with you last night. A. went B. did go C. could go D. had gone虛擬語氣虛擬語氣10.It is required that the machine _ as frequently as necessary. A. be oiled B. must be oil

26、ed C. is oiled D. will oil11.His English teacher recommends that he _ a regular degree program. A. begins B. begin C. will begin D. is beginning12.We prefer that the plan _ before being put into execution.A. is fully discussed B. must be fully discussed C. be fully discussed D. will be fully discussed虛擬語氣虛擬語氣13. _,we could not have finished the work on time.A. If they do not help us B. Was it not for their helpC. Should