2025年考研英語（一）閱讀理解備考：詞匯語法與閱讀理解技巧試卷考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷第一部分閱讀理解閱讀下列短文，回答問題。PassageOneTherapidadvancementofartificialintelligence(AI)haspromptedconsiderabledebateregardingitsfutureimpactonthejobmarket.ProponentsarguethatAIwillprimarilyautomateroutine,repetitivetasks,freeinguphumanworkerstofocusonmorecreativeandcomplexendeavors.Theysuggestthatwhilesomejobsmaybedisplaced,newroleswillemerge,requiringskillsthatAIcannotreplicate,suchasemotionalintelligenceandcriticalthinking.Additionally,AIispredictedtoenhanceproductivityacrossvariousindustries,leadingtoeconomicgrowthandthecreationofwealththatcouldbenefitsocietyasawhole.However,criticsexpressconcernthatthetransitioncouldbefarmoredisruptive.TheycontendthatAIsystemsmayultimatelyprovecapableofperformingawiderrangeoftasksthaninitiallyanticipated,potentiallyrenderingmanyjobsobsoleteratherthanjustaugmentingthem.Thisperspectivehighlightsthepotentialforsignificantjoblosses,particularlyinsectorslikemanufacturing,dataentry,andcustomerservice.Furthermore,theconcentrationofAIdevelopmentanddeploymentinhigh-skilledsectorscouldexacerbateincomeinequality,leavinglower-skilledworkersbehind.TheethicalimplicationsofAI,includingissuesofbiasandaccountability,arealsoraisedassignificantchallengesthatneedaddressing.Societiesmayneedtoadaptinprofoundwaystomanagethisshift.Thiscouldinvolvesubstantialinvestmentineducationandretrainingprogramstoequiptheworkforcewiththeskillsnecessaryfortheevolvingjoblandscape.Policiesmightneedtobeimplementedtosupportthosewholosetheirjobsduetoautomation,potentiallythroughmechanismslikeuniversalbasicincomeorenhancedsocialsafetynets.Fosteringaculturethatembraceslifelonglearningandadaptabilitywillbecrucialforindividualsandorganizationsalike.Ultimately,thesuccessoftheintegrationofAIintotheworkforcehingesonproactivemeasurestomitigateitspotentialdownsidesandensureitsbenefitsaredistributedequitably.Questions:1.Accordingtothepassage,whatarethemainargumentspresentedbyproponentsofAI'simpactonthejobmarket?2.WhatspecificconcernsdocriticshaveregardingthepotentialdisruptioncausedbyAI?3.Thethirdparagraphsuggestsseveralsocietaladaptations.PleaseoutlinethekeymeasuresmentionedthatmightbenecessarytomanagethetransitioncausedbyAI.4.Basedonthepassage,discussthepotentiallong-termconsequencesofAIonincomeinequalityandsuggestonewaysocietycouldaddressthisissue.5.TheauthorconcludesbyemphasizingtheimportanceofcertainfactorsforthesuccessfulintegrationofAI.Whatarethesefactors,andwhyaretheyconsideredcrucial?PassageTwoInrecentyears,theconceptof"well-being"hasmovedbeyondtraditionalnotionsofmerephysicalhealthandfinancialstabilitytoencompassabroaderspectrumofhumanflourishing.Researchersandpolicymakersareincreasinglyrecognizingtheimportanceofmentalandemotionalwell-beingalongsidemoreconventionalmeasuresofsuccess.Thisshiftisdrivenbyagrowingbodyofevidencedemonstratingtheprofoundimpactofpsychologicalstatesonphysicalhealth,productivity,andoveralllifesatisfaction.Variousfactorscontributetoanindividual'swell-being.Strongsocialconnections,characterizedbymutualsupport,trust,andbelonging,areconsistentlyidentifiedascrucialelements.Engagementinmeaningfulactivities,whetherthroughwork,hobbies,orvolunteering,providesasenseofpurposeandaccomplishment.Mindfulnesspractices,suchasmeditationanddeepbreathingexercises,arealsogainingtractionaseffectivetoolsformanagingstressandenhancingemotionalregulation.Furthermore,accesstoqualityhealthcare,includingmentalhealthservices,playsavitalroleinsupportingoverallwell-being.Achievingahighlevelofwell-beingisnotmerelyanindividualresponsibilitybutalsorequiressocietalsupport.Communitiescanfosterwell-beingbycreatingenvironmentsthatencouragesocialinteraction,provideaccesstogreenspaces,andpromotehealthylifestyles.Educationalinstitutionscanintegratewell-beingeducationintocurricula,teachingstudentscopingmechanismsandtheimportanceofself-care.Governmentscanimplementpoliciesthatsupportwork-lifebalance,suchaspaidparentalleaveandflexibleworkingarrangements.Byadoptingaholisticapproachthataddressestheinterconnectednessofphysical,mental,andsocialhealth,societiescanworktowardsenhancingthewell-beingoftheircitizens.Questions:6.Howhastheunderstandingof"well-being"evolvedaccordingtothepassage?7.Listandbrieflydescribeatleastthreekeyfactorsidentifiedinthepassagethatcontributetoanindividual'swell-being.8.Thepassagehighlightstheroleofcommunitiesandgovernmentsinpromotingwell-being.Whatspecificactionsorenvironmentsdoesitsuggestcommunitiescancreatetosupportwell-being?9.Discusstheideapresentedinthepassagethatachievinghighlevelsofwell-beingisnotjustanindividualresponsibility.Provideexamplestosupportyouranswer.10.Basedonthepassage,whatmightbethepotentialbenefitsofintegratingwell-beingeducationintoschoolcurricula?PassageThreeThedigitalagehasrevolutionizedthewayweaccessandconsumeinformation,fundamentallyalteringhumancognitionandbehavior.Theeasewithwhichvastamountsofdataarenowavailablehasthepotentialtodemocratizeknowledgeandempowerindividualsinnumerousways.However,thisconstantexposuretodigitalinformationalsopresentssignificantchallengestodeepthinkingandsustainedattention.Thepervasivenatureofdigitaldistractions,throughsocialmedianotifications,instantmessaging,andtheendlessscrollofonlinecontent,canfragmentfocusandhindertheabilitytoengageincomplexcognitivetasks.Neuroscientificresearchsuggeststhatthestructureofourbrainsmaybeadaptinginresponsetodigitaltechnology.Theconstantneedforstimulationandquickshiftsinattentioncanleadtochangesinneuralpathwaysrelatedtofocusandmemory.Whilethesechangesarenotinherentlynegative,theyraiseconcernsaboutourcapacityfordeepconcentrationandthelong-termeffectsofcontinuousdigitalengagementoncognitivedevelopment,particularlyinyoungergenerationswhoaregrowingupinthisenvironment.Navigatingthedigitalageeffectivelyrequiresaconsciousefforttocultivatehealthyhabits.Thisinvolvesdevelopingstrategiestomanagedigitaldistractions,suchassettingspecifictimesforcheckingemailsorusingappsthatlimitaccesstocertainwebsites.Mindfulnesspracticescanalsohelpindividualsbecomemoreawareoftheirdigitalconsumptionpatternsandmakemoreintentionalchoicesabouthowtheyengagewithtechnology.Furthermore,fosteringaculturethatvaluesdeepthinkingandcriticalanalysisoverpassiveconsumptionisessential.Educationalinstitutions,workplaces,andindividualsallhavearoletoplayinpromotingabalancedandmindfulapproachtotechnologyuse.Questions:11.Accordingtothepassage,howhasthedigitalagealteredhumancognitionandbehavior?12.Thepassagementionsbothpotentialbenefitsandchallengesofthedigitalage.Whatarethemainbenefitsithighlights,andwhatspecificchallengedoesitidentifyrelatedtodeepthinking?13.Describethepotentiallong-termeffectsofcontinuousdigitalengagementoncognitivedevelopment,assuggestedbyneuroscientificresearchmentionedinthepassage.14.Thepassageconcludesbyadvocatingforspecificstrategiesandaculturalshift.Whatarethekeyhealthyhabitsitsuggestsindividualsshouldcultivate,andwhyaretheyconsideredimportant?15.Consideringtheinformationpresented,discusstheroleofeducationalinstitutionsinhelpingstudentsdevelopahealthyrelationshipwithtechnology.第二部分寫作Directions:Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshouldfirstdescribethedrawing,thenexplainitsmeaning,andfinallymakeaconclusion.[DrawingDescription:Apersonissittingatacomputer,lookinghappyandfocusedonascreendisplayingagraphthatisrapidlyrising.Besidetheperson,thereareseveralbooksonthefloor,someopenedbutseeminglyunread.Theenvironmentisatypicalhomeofficesetting.]---試卷答案第一部分閱讀理解PassageOne1.ProponentsarguethatAIwillautomateroutinetasks,freeinghumansforcreativework,newrolesrequiringskillsAIcannotreplicate(likeemotionalintelligenceandcriticalthinking),andincreasingproductivity,leadingtoeconomicgrowthandsocietalbenefit.*解析思路：問題1要求概括支持者（proponents）的觀點(diǎn)。文章第一段明確提出了這些觀點(diǎn)：自動化重復(fù)性工作、解放人類從事創(chuàng)造性工作、催生AI無法替代的新工作（如情商和批判性思維）、提高生產(chǎn)力、促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長和社會整體受益。答案需要將這些核心論點(diǎn)整合起來。2.CriticsareconcernedthatAImightautomateawiderrangethanexpected,potentiallyrenderingmanyjobsobsoleteinsteadofjustaugmentingthem,leadingtosignificantjoblosses(especiallyinmanufacturing,dataentry,customerservice),andexacerbatingincomeinequalityduetotheconcentrationofAIinhigh-skilledsectors,aswellasraisingethicalissueslikebiasandaccountability.*解析思路：問題2要求概括批評者（critics）的擔(dān)憂。文章第二段詳細(xì)列出了這些擔(dān)憂：自動化范圍可能超出預(yù)期、導(dǎo)致工作消失而非增強(qiáng)、造成大規(guī)模失業(yè)（尤其在特定行業(yè)）、加劇收入不平等（因AI集中在高技能領(lǐng)域）、以及存在偏見和問責(zé)等倫理問題。答案應(yīng)涵蓋這些具體的顧慮。3.Thethirdparagraphsuggestssocietaladaptationsincludingsignificantinvestmentineducationandretrainingprogramsfortheworkforce,implementingpoliciestosupportjoblosers(e.g.,universalbasicincomeorenhancedsocialsafetynets),andfosteringacultureoflifelonglearningandadaptabilityforbothindividualsandorganizations.*解析思路：問題3要求概述第三段提到的應(yīng)對AI轉(zhuǎn)變的必要社會措施。該段明確指出了教育再培訓(xùn)投入、支持失業(yè)者的政策（如全民基本收入或加強(qiáng)社會保障網(wǎng)）、以及培養(yǎng)終身學(xué)習(xí)和適應(yīng)的文化這三個(gè)關(guān)鍵措施。答案需準(zhǔn)確列出并簡述這些措施。4.Basedonthepassage,AIcouldpotentiallywidentheincomegapbyconcentratingbenefitsinhigh-skilledsectorswhiledisplacinglower-skilledworkers.Societycouldaddressthisissuebyimplementingpoliciesthatredistributewealthorproviderobustsupportforthosedisplaced,suchasenhancedsocialsafetynetsorjobretrainingprogramstoensurebroaderequitablebenefitfromAIadvancements.*解析思路：問題4要求討論AI對收入不平等的潛在長期后果并提出解決方案。文章第二段暗示了AI可能加劇收入不平等（高技能領(lǐng)域集中），第三段提出了解決方案，如支持失業(yè)者（可能通過社會保障或再培訓(xùn)）。答案需要結(jié)合這兩段信息，先點(diǎn)明潛在后果，再提出相應(yīng)對策。5.TheauthorconcludesthatsuccessfulintegrationofAIhingesonproactivemeasures.Thekeyfactorsaremitigatingpotentialdownsides(likejobdisplacement)throughsocietaladaptation(e.g.,education,supportsystems)andensuringequitabledistributionofbenefits,preventingnegativeconsequencesfromoverwhelmingthepositivepotentialofAI.*解析思路：問題5要求根據(jù)作者結(jié)論，說出成功整合AI的關(guān)鍵因素及其重要性。文章最后一段的結(jié)論強(qiáng)調(diào)了需要“主動措施”（proactivemeasures）來確保成功整合，并指出要減輕負(fù)面影響（如工作流失）并確保利益公平分配。這些因素被視為關(guān)鍵，因?yàn)樗鼈兡芊乐关?fù)面后果壓倒正面潛力，確保整合的成功。PassageTwo6.Theunderstandingof"well-being"hasevolvedfromfocusingsolelyonphysicalhealthandfinancialstabilitytoencompassingabroaderrangeofhumanflourishing,includingmental,emotional,andsocialhealth,recognizedascrucialforoveralllifesatisfactionandbeingsupportedbyevidenceofitsimpactonphysicalhealthandproductivity.*解析思路：問題6要求說明“幸?！备拍畹睦斫馊绾窝葑儭Ｎ恼碌谝欢蚊鞔_指出了這種演變：從傳統(tǒng)的身體健康和財(cái)務(wù)穩(wěn)定，擴(kuò)展到更廣泛的“人類繁榮”，包括心理、情感和社會健康，并且這種更廣義的理解得到了證據(jù)支持，并被認(rèn)為對身心健康和生產(chǎn)力至關(guān)重要。7.Keyfactorscontributingtoindividualwell-beingmentionedinclude:strongsocialconnections(mutualsupport,trust,belonging),engagementinmeaningfulactivities(work,hobbies,volunteering)providingasenseofpurpose,andmindfulnesspractices(likemeditation)formanagingstressandenhancingemotionalregulation;accesstoqualityhealthcare,includingmentalhealthservices,isalsovital.*解析思路：問題7要求列出并簡述對個(gè)人幸福感有貢獻(xiàn)的至少三個(gè)因素。文章第二段明確提到了這些因素：強(qiáng)大的社會聯(lián)系、從事有意義的活動、正念實(shí)踐以及獲得優(yōu)質(zhì)醫(yī)療保健（包括心理健康服務(wù)）。答案需要從中選擇至少三個(gè)，并進(jìn)行簡要描述。8.Communitiescancreatesupportiveenvironmentsforwell-beingbyencouragingsocialinteraction(e.g.,communitycenters,publicspaces),providingaccesstogreenspaces(parks,gardens)forrelaxationandrecreation,andpromotinghealthylifestyles(e.g.,fitnessprograms,healthyeatinginitiatives).Asupportivecommunityenvironmentfostersconnection,stressreduction,andoverallhealth.*解析思路：問題8要求說明社區(qū)可以創(chuàng)建哪些具體的環(huán)境或采取什么行動來支持幸福感。文章第三段提到了社區(qū)可以做的幾件事：鼓勵社交互動（如社區(qū)中心、公共空間）、提供接觸綠色空間的機(jī)會（公園、花園）、以及推廣健康生活方式（如健身計(jì)劃、健康飲食倡議）。答案需概括這些行動及其目的。9.Achievinghighlevelsofwell-beingisnotsolelyanindividualresponsibilitybecauseexternalfactorssignificantlyinfluenceit.Societalstructures,economicconditions,accesstoresources(likequalityeducation,healthcare,safeenvironments),andsocialpolicies(likework-lifebalanceregulations)shapeindividuals'opportunitiesandconstraintsinpursuingwell-being.Forexample,lackofaffordablehealthcareorlongworkinghoursmandatedbypolicycanhinderwell-beingregardlessofindividualeffort.*解析思路：問題9要求解釋為什么獲得高水平幸福感不僅僅是個(gè)人責(zé)任。文章第三段的核心觀點(diǎn)是，幸福感是整體的，需要社會支持。答案需要論證外部因素（社會結(jié)構(gòu)、經(jīng)濟(jì)條件、資源獲取、社會政策）對個(gè)人幸福感有重要影響，因此這并非僅僅是個(gè)人責(zé)任。并給出例子（如醫(yī)療保健的可負(fù)擔(dān)性、工作時(shí)間規(guī)定）來支持論點(diǎn)。10.Integratingwell-beingeducationintoschoolcurriculacouldpotentiallybenefitstudentsbyteachingthemcopingmechanismsforstressandemotionalregulationskills,promotingself-awarenessandhealthyhabitsfromayoungage,potentiallyimprovingmentalhealthoutcomes,andfosteringaculturethatvaluesoverallhealthalongsideacademicachievement.*解析思路：問題10要求根據(jù)文章，討論將幸福感教育納入課程的可能好處。文章第三段提到教育機(jī)構(gòu)可以通過融入幸福感教育來發(fā)揮作用。答案需要說明這種教育能帶來的好處，如教授應(yīng)對機(jī)制、促進(jìn)自我意識、培養(yǎng)健康習(xí)慣、改善心理健康、以及營造重視整體健康的文化等。PassageThree11.Thedigitalagehasalteredhumancognitionandbehaviorbychanginghowweaccessandconsumeinformation,potentiallyfragmentingfocusandhinderingdeepthinkingandsustainedattentionduetopervasivedigitaldistractions(likenotificationsandendlessscrolling),whilealsopotentiallyreshapingbrainstructuresrelatedtofocusandmemorythroughconstantstimulation.*解析思路：問題11要求說明數(shù)字時(shí)代如何改變了人類認(rèn)知和行為。文章第一段指出了這種改變：信息獲取和消費(fèi)方式的變化、由于數(shù)字干擾（通知、無限滾動）導(dǎo)致注意力碎片化、深度思考和持續(xù)注意力受損，以及大腦結(jié)構(gòu)與注意力相關(guān)的部分可能因持續(xù)刺激而重塑。12.Themainbenefitshighlightedarethedemocratizationofknowledgeandempowermentthrougheasyaccesstovastamountsofdata,andthepotentialforenhancedconnectivityandcommunication.Thespecificchallengeidentifiedrelatedtodeepthinkingisthatthepervasivenatureofdigitaldistractionscanfragmentfocusandhindertheabilitytoengageincomplexcognitivetasks.*解析思路：問題12要求列出數(shù)字時(shí)代的主要好處和具體挑戰(zhàn)（關(guān)于深度思考）。文章第一段提到了好處：知識民主化、賦權(quán)（因易獲取大量數(shù)據(jù)）、增強(qiáng)連接和溝通。挑戰(zhàn)在第一段末尾和第二段開頭明確指出：數(shù)字干擾普遍存在，會破壞專注力，妨礙復(fù)雜認(rèn)知任務(wù)的進(jìn)行。13.Neuroscientificresearchsuggestspotentiallong-termeffectsofcontinuousdigitalengagementoncognitivedevelopment,particularlyinyounger