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2025年考研英語(一)閱讀理解能力提升:實(shí)戰(zhàn)模擬試題與答案解析考試時(shí)間:______分鐘總分:______分姓名:______模擬試題第一部分閱讀理解閱讀下面的文章,完成第1至5題。Theriseoftheartificialintelligence(AI)hasbeenoneofthemosttransformativetechnologicalshiftsofthe21stcentury,promisingtorevolutionizeindustries,enhanceproductivity,andimprovehumanlifeincountlessways.Fromautonomousvehiclesandadvancedroboticstosophisticateddataanalysisandpersonalizedmedicine,AI'spotentialapplicationsseemlimitless.However,thistechnologicaladvancementalsobringsahostofethicalchallengesandsocietalconcernsthatdemandcarefulconsiderationandproactivemanagement.OneoftheprimaryethicalconcernssurroundingAIistheissueofbiasandfairness.AIsystemsaretrainedonvastdatasets,andifthesedatasetsareflawedorreflectexistingsocietalbiases,theAI'sdecisionscanperpetuateandevenamplifydiscrimination.Forinstance,facialrecognitiontechnologyhasbeenshowntohavehighererrorratesforcertaindemographicgroups,leadingtopotentialmisidentificationandunfairtreatment.Similarly,AIalgorithmsusedinhiringprocessesmightinadvertentlyfavorcandidatesbasedongenderorracialstereotypespresentinthetrainingdata,underminingeffortstowardsequalemploymentopportunities.AnothersignificantconcernistheimpactofAIonemploymentandthefutureofwork.WhileAIhasthepotentialtoautomateroutineandrepetitivetasks,therebyincreasingefficiency,italsoraisesthespecterofwidespreadjobdisplacement.IndustriesrangingfrommanufacturingandlogisticstocustomerserviceandevencreativefieldsarebeingreshapedbyAI-drivenautomation.Thistransformationnecessitatesareevaluationofworkforceskillsandtheimplementationofrobusteducationandtrainingprogramstoequipworkerswiththecompetenciesneededfortheevolvingjobmarket.Thesocietalimplicationsofsuchshifts,includingincreasedinequalityandtheneedforuniversalbasicincome,mustbeaddressedproactively.PrivacyisyetanothercriticalissuetiedtotheproliferationofAI.ThecollectionandanalysisofvastamountsofpersonaldatabyAIsystemsraiseprofoundquestionsaboutindividualprivacyanddatasecurity.FromsocialmediaplatformsthatuseAItotailorcontentandadvertisementstogovernmentagenciesthatemployAIforsurveillancepurposes,thepotentialformisuseofpersonalinformationissignificant.StrikingabalancebetweenleveragingAI'sbenefitsandsafeguardingindividualprivacyrightsisessentialtomaintainpublictrustandensureethicalAIdevelopment.TheconcentrationofAIdevelopmentanddeploymentinthehandsofafewlargecorporationsalsoraisesconcernsaboutpowerdynamicsandmonopolisticpractices.ThesecompaniesoftenpossesstheresourcesandtechnologicalexpertisetodominateAImarkets,potentiallystiflingcompetitionandlimitingaccesstoAItechnologiesforsmallerbusinessesanddevelopingnations.PromotinganopenandinclusiveAIecosystemthatfostersinnovationwhileensuringequitableaccessiscrucialforharnessingthefullpotentialofAIforglobalbenefit.Finally,thelong-termexistentialrisksassociatedwithadvancedAIcannotbeignored.AsAIsystemsbecomemoresophisticatedandautonomous,questionsariseabouttheirdecision-makingprocessesandtheiralignmentwithhumanvalues.EnsuringthatAIsystemsoperateethicallyandremainalignedwithhumangoalsrequiresongoingresearchandthedevelopmentofrobustsafetyprotocols.InternationalcollaborationandethicalframeworksarenecessarytoguidetheresponsibledevelopmentanddeploymentofAItechnologiesandmitigatepotentiallong-termrisks.1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto2.TheauthormentionsfacialrecognitiontechnologyasanexampleofAIbiastoillustrate3.Accordingtothepassage,whatisamajorchallengeposedbyAItotheworkforce?4.Theword"proliferation"inthefourthparagraphisclosestinmeaningto5.WhatdoesthepassagesuggestasanecessarystepforensuringtheethicaldevelopmentofAI?第二部分閱讀理解閱讀下面的文章,完成第6至10題。Theconceptofsustainabilityhasgainedsignificanttractioninrecentyears,drivenbygrowingawarenessofenvironmentaldegradation,climatechange,andresourcedepletion.Sustainabilityencompassesabroadrangeofpracticesandprinciplesaimedatmeetingtheneedsofthepresentwithoutcompromisingtheabilityoffuturegenerationstomeettheirownneeds.Thisholisticapproachrecognizestheinterconnectednessofenvironmental,social,andeconomicsystemsandadvocatesfortheirintegratedmanagement.Attheenvironmentallevel,sustainabilityfocusesonpreservingnaturalresourcesandecosystems.Thisinvolvesadoptingpracticessuchasrenewableenergyutilization,wastereduction,andsustainableagriculture.Renewableenergysourceslikesolar,wind,andhydroelectricpowerofferalternativestofossilfuels,reducinggreenhousegasemissionsandmitigatingclimatechange.Wastereductionstrategies,includingrecyclingandcomposting,minimizetheamountofwastesenttolandfills,conservingresourcesandreducingpollution.Sustainableagriculturepractices,suchascroprotationandorganicfarming,aimtoprotectsoilhealth,conservewater,andreducetheuseofchemicalfertilizersandpesticides.Socialsustainabilityemphasizesthewell-beingofcommunitiesandtheequitabledistributionofresources.Thisinvolvespromotingsocialjustice,improvingaccesstoeducationandhealthcare,andfosteringinclusiveandresilientcommunities.Educationisakeypillarofsocialsustainability,asitempowersindividualsandequipsthemwiththeknowledgeandskillsnecessarytocontributetoasustainablefuture.Accesstoqualityhealthcareensuresthephysicalandmentalwell-beingofcommunities,enhancingtheircapacitytoadapttochallengesandthrive.Inclusiveandresilientcommunitiesarebetterequippedtohandledisastersandeconomicdownturns,ensuringthelong-termstabilityandprosperityofsociety.Economicsustainabilityfocusesonfosteringlong-termeconomicgrowthwhileminimizingenvironmentalimpactandpromotingsocialequity.Thisinvolvestransitioningtogreeneconomies,creatinggreenjobs,anddevelopingsustainablebusinessmodels.Greeneconomiesprioritizethedevelopmentofindustriesandpracticesthatareenvironmentallyfriendlyandsociallyresponsible.Greenjobs,suchasthoseinrenewableenergy,energyefficiency,andsustainabletransportation,contributetoeconomicgrowthwhilereducingenvironmentalfootprint.Sustainablebusinessmodels,suchasthosebasedoncirculareconomyprinciples,aimtominimizewasteandresourceconsumptionthroughouttheproductlifecycle.Achievingsustainabilityrequiresamultifacetedapproachthatinvolvesgovernments,businesses,andindividuals.Governmentsplayacrucialroleinsettingpoliciesandregulationsthatpromotesustainablepracticesandincentivizegreeninnovation.Businesseshavearesponsibilitytoadoptsustainablepracticesintheiroperationsandsupplychains,minimizingtheirenvironmentalimpactandcontributingtosocialwell-being.Individualsalsohavearoletoplaybymakingsustainablechoicesintheirdailylives,suchasreducingconsumption,conservingenergy,andsupportingsustainableproductsandservices.Thetransitiontoasustainablefutureisnotwithoutchallenges.Itrequiresovercominginertia,changingmindsets,andmobilizingresourcesonaglobalscale.However,thebenefitsofsustainabilityfaroutweighthechallenges.Asustainablefutureoffersavisionofaworldwherehumandevelopmentisdecoupledfromenvironmentaldegradation,whereeconomiesareresilientandequitable,andwherecommunitiesthriveinharmonywithnature.Achievingthisvisionrequirescollectiveaction,innovation,andacommitmenttoamoresustainablewayofliving.6.Thepassageprimarilydiscusses7.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisanexampleofsustainableagriculturepractice?8.Theword"multifaceted"inthefifthparagraphisclosestinmeaningto9.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestasakeychallengeinachievingsustainability?10.Theauthorconcludesthepassagebyemphasizing第三部分閱讀理解閱讀下面的文章,完成第11至15題。Intherealmofglobalhealth,accesstoqualityhealthcareremainsoneofthemostpressingchallenges,particularlyindevelopingnations.Despitesignificantadvancementsinmedicaltechnologyandpharmaceuticals,millionsofpeoplestilllackaccesstobasichealthcareservices,resultinginpreventabledeathsandaburdenonfamiliesandcommunities.Thisdisparityhighlightstheneedforinnovativesolutionsandareevaluationofhealthcaredeliverymodelstoensurethateveryonehasaccesstothecaretheyneed.Oneoftheprimarybarrierstoaccessinghealthcareisthelackofinfrastructureandresourcesinmanydevelopingregions.Ruralareas,inparticular,oftenlackhospitalsandclinics,andthefewhealthcareworkersavailablemaybepoorlytrainedoroverburdened.Thisshortageofhealthcarefacilitiesandpersonnelexacerbatestheproblem,leavingmanypeoplewithoutaccesstoessentialmedicalservices.Addressingthisissuerequiressignificantinvestmentinhealthcareinfrastructure,includingtheconstructionofnewfacilitiesandthetrainingofhealthcareworkers.Anothersignificantchallengeisthehighcostofhealthcare.Evenincountrieswithrelativelywell-developedhealthcaresystems,thecostofmedicalcarecanbeprohibitiveformanypeople.Thisisparticularlytrueforthosewithouthealthinsuranceoraccesstosocialsafetynets.Thehighcostofhealthcarecanleadtopeopledelayingorforgoingtreatment,resultinginworsehealthoutcomesandincreasedhealthcarecostsinthelongrun.Makinghealthcaremoreaffordableandaccessibleisessentialforimprovingglobalhealth.Technologyhasthepotentialtoaddresssomeofthesechallengesandimprovehealthcareaccess.Mobilehealthtechnologies,suchasmobilephonesandwearabledevices,canprovideremoteaccesstohealthcareservices,includingtelemedicineandhealthmonitoring.Thesetechnologiescanhelpbridgethegapbetweenpatientsandhealthcareproviders,especiallyinremoteareas.Additionally,digitalhealthrecordsandelectronicmedicaldatabasescanimprovetheefficiencyandeffectivenessofhealthcaredelivery,enablinghealthcareproviderstoaccesspatientinformationmoreeasilyandmakemoreinformeddecisions.However,theimplementationoftechnologyinhealthcaremustbeaccompaniedbyappropriatetrainingandsupport.Healthcareworkersneedtobetrainedtousenewtechnologieseffectively,andpatientsneedtobeeducatedonhowtousethesetechnologiestomanagetheirhealth.Additionally,theremustberobustdatasecuritymeasuresinplacetoprotectpatientprivacyandensuretheintegrityofhealthinformation.Theroleofnon-governmentalorganizations(NGOs)andinternationalagenciesisalsocrucialinimprovingglobalhealth.Theseorganizationsoftenplayavitalroleinprovidinghealthcareservicesinareaswheregovernmenthealthcaresystemsareweakornon-existent.Theycanalsoadvocateforpolicychangesandraiseawarenessabouthealthissues,contributingtoabroaderimprovementinglobalhealth.Inconclusion,addressingthechallengeofhealthcareaccessrequiresamultifacetedapproachthatinvolvesimprovinghealthcareinfrastructure,makinghealthcaremoreaffordable,leveragingtechnology,andmobilizingtheeffortsofNGOsandinternationalagencies.Byworkingtogether,governments,healthcareproviders,andotherstakeholderscancreateamoreequitableandsustainablehealthcaresystemthatensureseveryonehasaccesstothecaretheyneed.11.Thepassagemainlydiscusses12.Accordingtothepassage,whatisamajorbarriertoaccessinghealthcareindevelopingregions?13.Theword"exacerbates"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto14.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonepotentialbenefitofmobilehealthtechnologies?15.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestasanecessaryconditionforthesuccessfulimplementationoftechnologyinhealthcare?第四部分閱讀理解閱讀下面的文章,完成第16至20題。Theconceptofculturalheritagehasbeenincreasinglyrecognizedasavitalcomponentofhumanidentityandasourceofinspirationforartisticandcreativeexpression.Culturalheritageencompassesawiderangeofelements,includingtangibleassetssuchashistoricalbuildings,artifacts,andmonuments,aswellasintangibleaspectssuchastraditions,customs,languages,andperformingarts.Thepreservationandpromotionofculturalheritageareessentialformaintainingculturaldiversity,fosteringsocialcohesion,andtransmittingculturalvaluesacrossgenerations.Oneoftheprimarychallengesfacingculturalheritageisthethreatofdegradationandloss.Naturaldisasters,suchasearthquakes,floods,andhurricanes,cancausesignificantdamagetoculturalheritagesites.Pollution,climatechange,andneglectcanalsoleadtothedeteriorationofhistoricalbuildingsandartifacts.Additionally,lootingandillegaltradeinculturalheritageitemsposeaseriousthreattothepreservationofthesevaluableassets.Protectingculturalheritagerequiresproactivemeasures,includingthedevelopmentofconservationstrategies,theimplementationofsustainabletourismpractices,andtheenforcementofanti-lootinglaws.Theroleoftechnologyinpreservingculturalheritagehasbecomeincreasinglyimportantinrecentyears.Digitaltechnologies,suchas3Dscanning,virtualreality(VR),andaugmentedreality(AR),havethepotentialtocreatedetaileddigitalrecordsofculturalheritagesitesandartifacts.Thesedigitalrecordscanbeusedforresearch,education,andvirtualtourism,allowingpeopletoexperienceculturalheritageeveniftheycannotvisitthesitesinperson.Additionally,conservationtechnologies,suchasadvancedcleaningtechniquesandmaterials,canhelprestoredamagedculturalheritageitemsandextendtheirlifespan.Sustainabletourismisanotherimportantaspectofculturalheritagepreservation.Tourismcanprovideeconomicbenefitstocommunitiesbycreatingjobsandgeneratingrevenue,butitcanalsoposeathreattoculturalheritageifnotmanagedproperly.Unsustainabletourismpractices,suchasovercrowding,pollution,andtheconstructionofinappropriateinfrastructure,candamageculturalheritagesitesanddisruptlocalcommunities.Promotingsustainabletourismpractices,suchaslimitingvisitornumbers,encouragingresponsiblebehavior,andsupportinglocalcommunities,isessentialforensuringthattourismbenefitsbothvisitorsandhostcommunitieswhilepreservingculturalheritage.Educationandpublicawarenessarealsocrucialforthepreservationofculturalheritage.Educatingpeopleabouttheimportanceofculturalheritageandthethreatsitfacescanfosterasenseofresponsibilityandencourageindividualstoparticipateinitspreservation.Publicawarenesscampaignscanhelpraiseawarenessaboutthevalueofculturalheritageandtheneedtoprotectit.Additionally,involvinglocalcommunitiesinthepreservationofculturalheritagecanensurethattheirvoicesareheardandthattheirculturalvaluesarerespected.Inconclusion,preservingculturalheritageisessentialformaintainingculturaldiversity,fosteringsocialcohesion,andtransmittingculturalvaluesacrossgenerations.Thethreatofdegradationandlossrequiresproactivemeasures,includingthedevelopmentofconservationstrategies,theimplementationofsustainabletourismpractices,andtheuseoftechnologytocreatedigitalrecordsandaidinrestoration.Educationandpublicawarenessarealsocrucialforfosteringasenseofresponsibilityandencouragingindividualstoparticipateinthepreservationofculturalheritage.Byworkingtogether,governments,communities,andindividualscanensurethatculturalheritageispreservedforfuturegenerationstoenjoyandappreciate.16.Thepassageprimarilydiscusses17.Accordingtothepassage,whatisathreattoculturalheritagesitescausedbyhumanactivities?18.Theword"enforcement"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto19.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestasawaytoinvolvelocalcommunitiesinthepreservationofculturalheritage?20.Theauthorconcludesthepassagebyemphasizing第五部分閱讀理解閱讀下面的文章,完成第21至25題。Theriseofsocialmediahasfundamentallyalteredthewaypeoplecommunicate,shareinformation,andconsumecontent.Socialmediaplatforms,suchasFacebook,Twitter,Instagram,andTikTok,havebecomeintegraltomodernlife,providingaspaceforconnection,expression,andcommunitybuilding.However,thisphenomenonhasalsogivenrisetoanumberofchallenges,includingthespreadofmisinformation,theerosionofprivacy,andtheimpactonmentalhealth.Oneofthemostsignificantchallengesposedbysocialmediaisthespreadofmisinformation.Falseormisleadinginformationcanspreadrapidlyonsocialmediaplatforms,oftenfasterthanaccurateinformation,leadingtopublicconfusionandmistrust.Thisphenomenonisexacerbatedbythealgorithmicdesignofsocialmediaplatforms,whichprioritizesengagementoveraccuracy,oftenamplifyingsensationalorcontroversialcontent.Thespreadofmisinformationcanhaveseriousconsequences,influencingpublicopinion,impactingpoliticalprocesses,andevenincitingviolence.Anotherchallengeistheerosionofprivacy.Socialmediaplatformscollectvastamountsofpersonaldatafromusers,includingtheirpersonalinformation,locationdata,andbrowsinghistory.Thisdataisoftenusedtotargetadvertisementsandtailorcontent,butitalsoraisesconcernsaboutthesecurityandprivacyofuserinformation.Thepotentialfordatabreachesandthemisuseofpersonaldatabythirdpartiesfurtherexacerbatestheseconcerns.Protectinguserprivacyonsocialmediarequiresrobustdatasecuritymeasuresandclearpoliciesregardingthecollectionanduseofpersonaldata.Theimpactofsocialmediaonmentalhealthisanotherareaofconcern.Studieshaveshownthatexcessiveuseofsocialmediacanbeassociatedwithincreasedlevelsofanxiety,depression,andfeelingsofloneliness.Theconstantcomparisontoothersonsocialmediacanleadtofeelingsofinadequacyandlowself-esteem.Additionally,theexposuretonegativeorharmfulcontentonsocialmediacancontributetofeelingsofdistressandanxiety.Promotinghealthysocialmediauseandraisingawarenessaboutthepotentialmentalhealthimpactsofsocialmediaisessentialformitigatingtheserisks.Despitethesechallenges,socialmediaalsooffersnumerousbenefits.Itprovidesaplatformforconnectionandcommunication,allowingpeopletomaintainrelationshipswithfriendsandfamily,regardlessofdistance.Socialmediacanalsobeapowerfultoolforsocialactivism,enablingpeopletoraiseawarenessaboutimportantissues,mobilizesupport,andadvocateforchange.Additionally,socialmediaprovidesaspaceforcreativeexpressionandsharing,allowingpeopletoshowcasetheirtalents,sharetheirexperiences,andconnectwithlike-mindedindividuals.Thefutureofsocialmediawilllikelyinvolveongoingeffortstoaddressthesechallengeswhilepreservingitsbenefits.Thiswillrequireacombinationoftechnologicalsolutions,suchasalgorithmictransparencyandimprovedcontentmoderation,aswellasethicalconsiderationsandusereducation.Promotingmedialiteracyandcriticalthinkingskillscanhelpusersnavigatethecomplexinformationenvironmentofsocialmediaandmakeinformedchoicesabouttheironlinebehavior.Byworkingtogether,socialmediaplatforms,users,andregulatorscancreateamoreresponsibleandsustainablesocialmediaecosystem.21.Thepassageprimarilydiscusses22.Accordingtothepassage,whatisaconsequenceofthealgorithmicdesignofsocialmediaplatforms?23.Theword"mitigating"inthefourthparagraphisclosestinmeaningto24.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonebenefitofsocialmedia?25.Whatdoesthepassagesuggestasanecessarystepforcreatingamoreresponsiblesocialmediaecosystem?第六部分閱讀理解閱讀下面的文章,完成第26至30題。Theconceptofurbanizationhasbeenadefiningfeatureofthe20thand21stcenturies,withmillionsofpeoplemovingfromruralareastocitiesinsearchofbetteropportunities,education,andhealthcare.Thistrendhasledtotherapidgrowthofcitiesworldwide,resultingintheemergenceofmegacitieswithpopulationsexceeding10million.Whileurbanizationhasbroughtaboutnumerousbenefits,ithasalsocreatedahostofchallenges,includingtrafficcongestion,pollution,housingshortages,andinadequateinfrastructure.Oneofthemostpressingchallengesofurbanizationistrafficcongestion.Ascitiesgrow,thenumberofvehiclesontheroadincreases,leadingtotrafficjamsthatcancausesignificantdelaysandfrustrationforcommuters.Trafficcongestionnotonlywastestimebutalsocontributestoairpollution,exacerbatingenvironmentalproblems.Addressingtrafficcongestionrequiresamultifacetedapproach,includingthedevelopmentofpublictransportationsystems,thepromotionofcarpoolingandalternativetransportationmodes,andtheimplementationofsmarttrafficmanagementsystems.Pollutionisanothermajorchallengeofurbanization.Citiesareoftencharacterizedbyhighlevelsofairpollution,noisepollution,andwaterpollution.Airpollution,causedbyvehicleemissions,industrialactivities,andothersources,canhaveserioushealthconsequences,includingrespiratorydiseasesandheartdisease.Noisepollution,causedbytraffic,construction,andotherurbanactivities,canleadtostressandsleepdisturbances.Waterpollution,causedbyindustrialwaste,sewage,andothersources,cancontaminatewatersourcesandaffectthehealthofbothhumansandwildlife.Reducingpollutionrequirestheimplementationofstricterenvironmentalregulations,thepromotionofcleanenergy,andtheadoptionofsustainableurbanplanningpractices.Housingshortagesareyetanotherchallengeofurbanization.Ascitiesgrow,thedemandforhousingincreases,oftenoutpacingthesupply.Thiscanleadtothedevelopmentofinformalsettlementsorslums,wherepeopleliveininadequatehousingconditionswithoutaccesstobasicservicessuchassanitation,cleanwater,andelectricity.Housingshortagescanalsoleadtoincreasedhousingprices,makingitdifficultforlow-incomefamiliestoafforddecenthousing.Addressinghousingshortagesrequiresthedevelopmentofaffordablehousingpolicies,thepromotionofsustainableurbanplanningpractices,andtheinvestmentinhousinginfrastructure.Inadequateinfrastructureisanotherchallengeofurbanization.Ascitiesgrow,thedemandforinfrastructuresuchasroads,bridges,watersupplysystems,andsewagesystemsincreases.Failuretoinvestinandmaintainthisinfrastructurecanleadtoarangeofproblems,includingtrafficcongestion,pollution,andinadequateaccesstobasicservices.Investingininfrastructurerequiressignificantfinancialresourcesandlong-termplanning,butitisessentialforensuringthesustainabilityandresilienceofcities.Addressingthesechallengesrequiresacoordinatedapproachthatinvolvesgovernments,urbanplanners,businesses,andcitizens.Governmentsplayacrucialroleinsettingpoliciesandregulationsthatpromotesustainableurbandevelopment,investininfrastructure,andprotecttheenvironment.Urbanplannersneedtodevelopinnovativeandsustainableurbandesignsthataddresstheneedsofresidentswhileminimizingnegativeimpactsontheenvironment.Businesseshavearesponsibilitytoadoptsustainablepracticesintheiroperationsandsupplychains,contributingtoacleanerandmoresustainableurbanenvironment.Citizensalsohavearoletoplaybyparticipatinginurbanplanningprocesses,adoptingsustainablelifestyles,andadvocatingforpositivechange.Inconclusion,urbanizationhasbroughtaboutnumerousbenefitsbutalsocreatedahostofchallenges.Addressingthesechallengesrequiresacoordinatedapproachthatinvolvesgovernments,urbanplanners,businesses,andcitizens.Byworkingtogether,thesestakeholderscancreatemoresustainable,resilient,andlivablecitiesforthefuture.26.Thepassageprimarilydiscusses27.Accordingtothepassage,whatisaconsequenceoftrafficcongestion?28.Theword"exacerbating"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto29.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonecauseofhousingshortagesincities?30.Theauthorconcludesthepassagebyemphasizing試卷答案1.C解析:文章首段提出AI的巨大潛力,隨后第二至五段分別從倫理、就業(yè)、隱私、權(quán)力和長期風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等角度闡述AI帶來的挑戰(zhàn)。文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,圍繞AI的“雙刃劍”特性展開論述,意在說明在享受AI帶來的便利的同時(shí),必須正視并解決其引發(fā)的各種問題。因此,文章的主要目的是探討AI發(fā)展所帶來的倫理挑戰(zhàn)和社會(huì)問題。2.B解析:文章第三段提到“AI算法用于招聘過程可能無意中根據(jù)培訓(xùn)數(shù)據(jù)中存在的性別或種族刻板印象來偏愛候選人”,并以人臉識別技術(shù)為例說明其偏見問題。此處以人臉識別技術(shù)為例,是為了具體說明AI系統(tǒng)在訓(xùn)練數(shù)據(jù)存在偏見時(shí),其決策可能產(chǎn)生歧視性結(jié)果,從而論證AI存在偏見和公平性問題的觀點(diǎn)。3.A解析:文章第三段明確指出,“雖然AI有可能自動(dòng)化例行和重復(fù)性任務(wù),從而提高效率,但它也引發(fā)了大規(guī)模失業(yè)的擔(dān)憂”。該段進(jìn)一步說明了AI自動(dòng)化對各行各業(yè)工作的影響,以及由此帶來的技能需求變化和再培訓(xùn)的必要性。因此,AI對勞動(dòng)力市場的主要挑戰(zhàn)在于其自動(dòng)化可能導(dǎo)致大規(guī)模失業(yè)。4.D解析:文章第四段提到“人工智能在隱私方面的擴(kuò)散(proliferation)引發(fā)了關(guān)于個(gè)人隱私和數(shù)據(jù)安全的基本問題”。結(jié)合語境,proliferation在此處指AI系統(tǒng)收集和分析大量個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)的廣泛性和普遍性。選項(xiàng)D“增長”符合此意。5.E解析:文章最后一段指出,“確保AI系統(tǒng)的道德運(yùn)作并與人類目標(biāo)保持一致需要持續(xù)的研究和制定穩(wěn)健的安全協(xié)議”。隨后提到“國際合作和道德框架對于指導(dǎo)負(fù)責(zé)任的AI發(fā)展和部署、減輕潛在長期風(fēng)險(xiǎn)至關(guān)重要”。這表明,為了確保AI的道德發(fā)展,需要制定國際合作的倫理框架。6.B解析:文章首段提出可持續(xù)發(fā)展的概念及其重要性,隨后第二至四段分別從環(huán)境、社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)三個(gè)層面闡述可持續(xù)發(fā)展的具體實(shí)踐和原則。最后一段總結(jié)可持續(xù)發(fā)展面臨的挑戰(zhàn)和實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性。文章結(jié)構(gòu)清晰,圍繞可持續(xù)發(fā)展的內(nèi)涵、層面和實(shí)現(xiàn)路徑展開論述,意在全面介紹可持續(xù)發(fā)展這一概念。因此,文章主要討論的是可持續(xù)發(fā)展的內(nèi)涵、層面和實(shí)現(xiàn)路徑。7.C解析:文章第三段提到可持續(xù)農(nóng)業(yè)實(shí)踐,包括“作物輪作和有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)”。該段指出這些實(shí)踐旨在“保護(hù)土壤健康、節(jié)約用水、減少化學(xué)肥料和農(nóng)藥的使用”。選項(xiàng)C“有機(jī)農(nóng)業(yè)”符合此描述。8.F解析:文章第五段提到,“實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展需要一個(gè)多方面(multifaceted)的方法,涉及政府、企業(yè)和個(gè)人”。結(jié)合語境,multifaceted在此處指實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展需要從多個(gè)方面、多個(gè)層面入手,采取多種措施。選項(xiàng)F“多方面的”符合此意。9.A解析:文章第三段提到,“即使在一些醫(yī)療保健系統(tǒng)相對發(fā)達(dá)的國家,醫(yī)療保健的成本也可能對許多人來說是不容承受的。這對于那些沒有健康保險(xiǎn)或無法獲得社會(huì)安全網(wǎng)的人來說尤其如此。醫(yī)療保健的高成本會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們推遲或放棄治療,從而導(dǎo)致健康狀況惡化,并導(dǎo)致長期醫(yī)療保健成本增加”。該句指出,醫(yī)療保健的高成本會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們推遲或放棄治療,從而加?。╡xacerbates)健康問題。因此,exacerbates在此處意為“加劇”。10.J解析:文章最后一段提到,“實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展并非沒有挑戰(zhàn)。它需要克服惰性、改變心態(tài)和在全球范圍內(nèi)調(diào)動(dòng)資源”。該句強(qiáng)調(diào)了實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展所面臨的困難,如缺乏動(dòng)力、觀念保守等。因此,文章暗示的一個(gè)主要挑戰(zhàn)是克服這些內(nèi)在和外在的障礙。11.B解析:文章首段指出,“在全球健康領(lǐng)域,獲得高質(zhì)量醫(yī)療保健仍然是一個(gè)最緊迫的挑戰(zhàn),特別是在發(fā)展中國家。盡管在醫(yī)療技術(shù)和藥物方面取得了重大進(jìn)步,但仍有數(shù)百萬人在獲得基本醫(yī)療保健服務(wù)方面存在困難,導(dǎo)致可預(yù)防的死亡和家庭和社區(qū)的負(fù)擔(dān)”。該段明確了文章的主題:發(fā)展中國家獲得高質(zhì)量醫(yī)療保健的挑戰(zhàn)。因此,文章主要討論的是發(fā)展中國家獲得高質(zhì)量醫(yī)療保健的挑戰(zhàn)。12.A解析:文章第二段明確指出,“獲得醫(yī)療保健的主要障礙之一是許多發(fā)展中國家缺乏基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和資源”。該段進(jìn)一步說明了農(nóng)村地區(qū)缺乏醫(yī)療設(shè)施和合格醫(yī)護(hù)人員的現(xiàn)狀,以及這如何加劇了醫(yī)療保健獲取困難的問題。因此,缺乏基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施和資源是發(fā)展中國家獲得醫(yī)療保健的主要障礙。13.G解析:文章第三段提到,“即使在一些醫(yī)療保健系統(tǒng)相對發(fā)達(dá)的國家,醫(yī)療保健的成本也可能對許多人來說是不容承受的。這對于那些沒有健康保險(xiǎn)或無法獲得社會(huì)安全網(wǎng)的人來說尤其如此。醫(yī)療保健的高成本會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們推遲或放棄治療,從而導(dǎo)致健康狀況惡化,并導(dǎo)致長期醫(yī)療保健成本增加”。該句指出,醫(yī)療保健的高成本會(huì)導(dǎo)致人們推遲或放棄治療,從而使得(exacerbates)健康問題更加嚴(yán)重。因此,exacerbates在此處意為“加劇”。14.I解析:文章第四段提到,“移動(dòng)醫(yī)療技術(shù),如手機(jī)和可穿戴設(shè)備,可
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