第06講一般過去時（解析版）【暑假自學(xué)課】2025年新八年級人教版（2024）英語一般過去時語法解析1.核心結(jié)構(gòu)與用法句型結(jié)構(gòu)公式例句標(biāo)志詞肯定句主語+動詞過去式Sheplayedthepianoyesterday.Theywerelateforschool.yesterday（昨天）lastweek/month（上周/月）ago（以前）in2023（在2023年）justnow（剛才）否定句主語+didn’t+動詞原形Hedidn’twatchTVlastnight.Weweren’tathomeyesterday.一般疑問句Did+主語+動詞原形？Were/Was+主語+表語？Didyougotothepark?Wasshehappyyesterday?特殊疑問句疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形？疑問詞+were/was+主語？Whatdidtheydolastweekend?Wherewasheborn?2.規(guī)則動詞過去式變化規(guī)則結(jié)尾字母變化規(guī)則例詞易錯錯誤一般情況加-edplay→playedwork→worked不可漏加-ed（如look→look錯誤）以不發(fā)音e結(jié)尾加-ddance→dancedlive→lived去e加-d（如hope→hoped）輔音+y結(jié)尾變y為i加-edstudy→studiedcarry→carried元音+y直接加-ed（如enjoy→enjoyed）重讀閉音節(jié)且末尾只有一個輔音字母雙寫輔音字母加-edstop→stoppedshop→shopped非重讀閉音節(jié)不雙寫（如visit→visited）不規(guī)則動詞特殊變化go→wenteat→atebe→was/were不可按規(guī)則變化（如think→thinked錯誤）【典例分析】考點1：一般過去時結(jié)構(gòu)辨析（基礎(chǔ)）1.—______you______tothemuseumyesterday?—Yes,Idid.A.Do;goB.Did;goC.Did;wentD.Do;went【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)標(biāo)志詞yesterday用一般過去時，一般疑問句需用助動詞Did，后接動詞原形go，故選B。2.She______not______herhomeworklastnight.A.did;doB.did;didC.does;doD.does;did【答案】A【解析】否定句結(jié)構(gòu)為didn’t+動詞原形，lastnight表過去，主語第三人稱單數(shù)仍用didn’t，故選A。3.—Where______he______from?—HewasfromChina.A.is;comeB.does;comeC.did;comeD.was;come【答案】C【解析】詢問過去的來源，實義動詞come需用助動詞Did，構(gòu)成Did+主語+comefrom，故選C?？键c2：動詞過去式變化規(guī)則（進(jìn)階）1.They______totheparkand______apicniclastSunday.A.go;haveB.went;hadC.go;hadD.went;have【答案】B【解析】lastSunday表過去，go的過去式為went，have的過去式為had，并列結(jié)構(gòu)需保持時態(tài)一致，故選B。2.Theboy______hishomeworkcarefullyyesterday.A.studyB.studiesC.studiedD.studyed【答案】C【解析】study以輔音+y結(jié)尾，變y為i加-ed，正確過去式為studied，而非studyed，故選C。3.We______atthehotellastnightbecauseitrainedheavily.A.stopedB.stoppedC.stopD.stopping【答案】B【解析】stop為重讀閉音節(jié)，末尾只有一個輔音字母p，需雙寫p加-ed，正確形式為stopped，故選B。學(xué)習(xí)總結(jié)核心語法點速記1.結(jié)構(gòu)公式：肯定句：主語+動詞過去式（規(guī)則動詞加-ed/不規(guī)則動詞特殊形式）。否定句：主語+didn’t+動詞原形（無論主語人稱，動詞均用原形）。疑問句：Did+主語+動詞原形？（be動詞過去式was/were直接提前）。2.動詞過去式規(guī)則：規(guī)則動詞：一般加-ed，e結(jié)尾加-d，輔音+y變i+ed，重讀閉音節(jié)雙寫加-ed。不規(guī)則動詞：需單獨記憶（如do→did，see→saw，am/is→was，are→were）。標(biāo)志詞：yesterday,lastweek,...ago,in2022等表示過去的時間短語。易錯點警示be動詞誤用：注意主語與be動詞過去式的搭配（I/He/She/It→was，We/You/They→were）。不規(guī)則動詞混淆：避免將不規(guī)則動詞按規(guī)則變化（如?drink→drinked??drink→drank）。助動詞多余：否定句和疑問句中已有did，動詞需用原形（如?Hedidn’twent??Hedidn’tgo）。過關(guān)檢測（一）單項選擇1.—______wasyourweekend?—Itwasgreat!A.WhatB.HowC.WhereD.When【答案】B【解析】對周末的感受提問用How，構(gòu)成Howwas+主語，故選B。2.They______tothezoobybusyesterday.A.goB.goesC.wentD.going【答案】C【解析】yesterday為過去時間，go的過去式為went，故選C。3.—Didyou______anyphotosinthepark?—Yes,Idid.A.takeB.takesC.tookD.taking【答案】A【解析】一般疑問句中助動詞Did后接動詞原形take，故選A。4.She______herroomjustnow.A.cleanB.cleansC.cleanedD.cleaning【答案】C【解析】justnow表過去，clean為規(guī)則動詞，直接加-ed，故選C。5.We______notathomelastnight.Wewereatthecinema.A.areB.wereC.isD.was【答案】B【解析】主語We對應(yīng)be動詞過去式were，否定式為weren’t，故選B。6.He______alettertohisfriendlastmonth.A.writeB.writesC.wroteD.writing【答案】C【解析】lastmonth表過去，write的過去式為不規(guī)則變化wrote，故選C。7.—______she______toschoolbybikeyesterday?—No,shetookthebus.A.Does;goB.Did;goC.Did;goesD.Do;go【答案】B【解析】yesterday表過去，一般疑問句用Did+主語+動詞原形go，故選B。8.They______awonderfultimeatthepartylastnight.A.haveB.hasC.hadD.having【答案】C【解析】lastnight表過去，have的過去式為had，故選C。9.—Where______youborn?—IwasborninShanghai.A.areB.wereC.isD.was【答案】B【解析】出生是過去的動作，主語you對應(yīng)be動詞過去式were，故選B。10.He______hisbikeandhurthislegyesterday.A.fallB.fallsC.fellD.falling【答案】C【解析】yesterday表過去，fall的過去式為不規(guī)則變化fell，故選C。（二）句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Heplayedbasketballyesterday.（改為否定句）→He____________basketballyesterday.【答案】didn’tplay【解析】在實義動詞played前加didn’t，動詞還原為原形play。2.Theywerelateforthemeeting.（改為一般疑問句）→____________lateforthemeeting?【答案】Werethey【解析】將be動詞were提前至句首，首字母大寫，構(gòu)成一般疑問句。3.Shevisitedhergrandparentslastweek.（對劃線部分提問）→____________she______lastweek?【答案】Whatdid;do【解析】對動作visited提問用Whatdid，后接動詞原形do。4.Iwasbornin2010.（改為否定句）→I____________bornin2010.【答案】wasnot【解析】在was后加not，可縮寫為wasn’t，否定be動詞短語。5.Didtheygotothebeach?（作肯定回答）→Yes,____________.【答案】theydid【解析】肯定回答用Yes+主語+did，主語they與問句一致。6.Hedidhishomeworkathome.（改為一般疑問句）→______he______hishomeworkathome?【答案】Did;do【解析】將助動詞Did提前，動詞還原為原形do。7.Theweatherwassunnyyesterday.（對劃線部分提問）→____________theweatheryesterday?【答案】Howwas【解析】對天氣狀況提問用Howwas，構(gòu)成Howwas+主語。8.Theyboughtsomebookslastweekend.（改為否定句）→They____________anybookslastweekend.【答案】didn’tbuy【解析】在bought前加didn’t，動詞還原為原形buy，some改為any。9.Wasshehappyattheparty?（作否定回答）→No,____________.【答案】shewasn’t【解析】否定回答用No+主語+wasn’t，主語she與問句一致。10.Hewenttobedat10:00p.m.（對劃線部分提問）→__________________he______tobed?【答案】Whattimedid;go【解析】對具體時間提問用Whattimedid，后接動詞原形go。（三）改錯題1.Tomdidn’twenttoschoolyesterday.（改：______）【答案】go【解析】didn’t后需接動詞原形go，過去式went應(yīng)改為原形。2.Sheeatedanappleforbreakfast.（改：______）【答案】ate【解析】eat的過去式為不規(guī)則變化ate，非規(guī)則變化eated錯誤。3.Wereyouseethemovielastnight?（改：______）【答案】Did【解析】實義動詞see的過去式疑問句需用助動詞Did，而非Be動詞Were。4.Westopedatasmalltownontheway.（改：______）【答案】stopped【解析】stop為重讀閉音節(jié)，應(yīng)雙寫p加-ed，stoped拼寫錯誤。5.Hewasn’tdohishomeworkyesterday.（改：______）【答案】didn’t【解析】否定實義動詞do需用didn’t+原形，wasn’t后不能接動詞原形。（四）完形填空閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳答案。LastSaturday,I____1____upearlyandwenttotheparkwithmyfriends.Theweather____2____sunnyandwarm.We____3____gamesandflewkitesthere.Atnoon,we____4____apicnicnearthelake.We____5____sandwiches,fruit,andjuice.Intheafternoon,we____6____tothemuseum.Wesawmanyinterestingthingsthere.Itwasagreatday!1.A.getB.getsC.gotD.getting【答案】C【解析】LastSaturday表過去，get的過去式為got，故選C。2.A.isB.wasC.areD.were【答案】B【解析】weather為不可數(shù)名詞，對應(yīng)be動詞過去式was，故選B。3.A.playB.playsC.playedD.playing【答案】C【解析】and連接并列過去式，play的過去式為played，故選C。4.A.haveB.hasC.hadD.having【答案】C【解析】have的過去式為had，構(gòu)成hadapicnic，故選C。5.A.eatB.eatsC.ateD.eating【答案】C【解析】eat的過去式為ate，與上下文時態(tài)一致，故選C。6.A.goB.goesC.goneD.went【答案】D【解析】go的過去式為went，構(gòu)成wenttothemuseum，故選D。（五）閱讀理解Passage1閱讀短文，選擇最佳答案：Hello,I’mLily.Yesterdaywasmybirthday.Igotupearlyandfoundabiggiftboxonmydesk.Itwasfrommyparents.Insidetheboxwasanewbike!Afterbreakfast,myfriendscametomyhouse.Wesangsongs,playedgames,andateadeliciouscake.Intheafternoon,werodebikesinthepark.Ihadawonderfulbirthday!1.WhenwasLily’sbirthday?A.Today.B.Lastweek.C.Yesterday.D.Tomorrow.【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)“Yesterdaywasmybirthday.”直接得出答案為C。2.WhatdidLilyfindonherdesk?A.Abook.B.Abike.C.Agiftbox.D.Acake.【答案】C【解析】由“foundabiggiftboxonmydesk”可知，Lily在桌上發(fā)現(xiàn)的是禮物盒，故選C。3.Whatdidtheydointheafternoon?A.Sangsongs.B.Playedgames.C.Atecake.D.Rodebikes.【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)“werodebikesin