【英語(yǔ)】高一英語(yǔ)閱讀理解(教育文化)解題技巧(超強(qiáng))及練習(xí)題(含答案)一、高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解教育文化類(lèi)1．閱讀理解

Recently,peopleintheUSeducationhavegotextremelyworriedbecauseanewreporthasshownthatAmericanstudentshaveamathsproblem.

The2015ProgrammeforInternationalStudentAssessment(評(píng)估)(PISA)showsmathsscoresintheUSgettinglowerandnoimprovementinscienceorreading.PISAtests15-year-oldsfromdifferentcountriesandregionsintheirmaths,scienceandreadingskills.About540,000studentsfrom72countriesandregionstookpartintheassessmentin2015.

USscoresinreadingandsciencewereaboutthesameasthreeyearsago,leavingAmericansnearthemiddleofthebiggergroup.Butthesituationinmathsismuchmoreworrying.TheUSaveragescorewas470,belowtheOECD(經(jīng)合組織)testaverageof490,meaningtheUSwasNo.40amongthe72countriesandareas.Itwas12pointslowerthanin2012and18pointslowerthanin2009.So,whatisgoingonwithAmericanstudents'mathsskills?

OnereasonmaybethattheUSdoesnotteachmathsinenoughdepth."StudentsareoftengoodatansweringthefirstpartofaproblemintheUnitedStates,"saidAndreasSchleicher,directorofeducationandskillsatOECD."Butassoonasstudentshavetogodeeperandanswerthemorecomplicatedpartofaproblem,theyhavedifficulties."Incomparison,manyhigh-performingcountriesandregionsinmathsteachalotlessbutfocusinmuchgreaterdepth,especiallywhenyoulookatEastAsia,JapanandSingapore,accordingtoSchleicher.

AnotherreasonmaybethefactthatmanypeopleintheUSareunwillingtotraveltoforeigncountriestolearnbetterteachingpractices."OneofourbiggestchallengesintheUSisthattheteachersarenotgoingoutandseeingwhathigh-performingcountriesdodifferently,"saidWendyKopp,whostartedTeachforAmerica,inanewsprogramme.（1）Whenitcomestothe2015PISAresults,peopleintheUSeducationaremoreconcernedabout

.A.

theUSaveragescoreB.

thedifferencesfromthepreviousPISAC.

Americanstudents'performanceinmathsD.

Americanstudents'situationinscienceandreadingskills（2）Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Americanstudentsarenotinterestedinsimplemathsproblems.B.Americanstudentsareunwillingtogoabroadforfurtherstudy.C.Americanmathsteachersenvyhigh-performingcountriesbetterteachingskills.D.Americanmathsteachersseldomteachstudentshowtosolvecomplicatedproblems.（3）Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.ToinformpeopleofAmericanstudents'2015PISAresults.B.ToanalysethecausesofAmericanstudents'problemswithmaths.C.TostresstheimportanceoflearningmathswelltoAmericastudents.D.TogiveAmericanmathsteacherssomeadviceonhowtoteachmaths.【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了2015年P(guān)ISA評(píng)估結(jié)果顯示美國(guó)學(xué)生的數(shù)學(xué)成績(jī)較之以前有明顯下降,進(jìn)而分兩方面闡述了造成這一結(jié)果的原因。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“Recently,peopleintheUSeducationhavegotextremelyworriedbecauseanewreporthasshownthatAmericanstudentshaveamathsproblem.”可知美國(guó)的教育界人士最近非常擔(dān)心的是美國(guó)學(xué)生在數(shù)學(xué)上的表現(xiàn),“anewreport”指的正是下文的2015年的PISA,故選C。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“OnereasonmaybethattheUSdoesnotteachmathsinenoughdepth.”可知美國(guó)的數(shù)學(xué)教學(xué)深度不夠,導(dǎo)致；以及“Butassoonasstudentshavetogodeeperandanswerthemorecomplicatedpartofaproblem,theyhavedifficulties.”美國(guó)學(xué)生在復(fù)雜問(wèn)題的求解上有很大的困難。故選D。（3）考查主旨大意。由PISA評(píng)估引出問(wèn)題“…whatisgoingonwithAmericanstudents’mathsskills?”,美國(guó)學(xué)生的數(shù)學(xué)技能怎么樣了?接著下文的兩段分別列出了“Onereason…”和“Anotherreason…”,分析了美國(guó)學(xué)生在數(shù)學(xué)上出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題的原因,故選B?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類(lèi)閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

InNewYorkCitypublicschools,176differentlanguagesarespokenamongthemorethan1millionstudents.For160,000children,Englishisnottheirfirstlanguage.NewYork'sDepartmentofEducationmakeslearningbetterforthesestudentsbyprovidingdual-language(雙語(yǔ))programmes.

Studentsaretaughtintwolanguages,Englishandanotherone,likeRussianorChinese.Maths,socialstudies,scienceandallotherregularcoursesaretaughtinbothlanguagessothattheycouldlearnaboutthecultureoftheothercountries.

MiladyBaezisDeputyChancellorofEnglishLanguageLearnersandStudentSupport.Shesays,"Thejobsofthefuturerequirethatourstudentsknowmorethanonelanguage.Theyaregoingtobetravellingabroad;theyaregoingtobecommunicatingwithpeoplefromallovertheworld.Thiswillopendoorsforthem."

Middle-schoolersmightnothavejobsontheirmindsyet.ForKequingJaing,shelikeskeepingupherfirstlanguage,Mandarin."ItmakesmefeelthatIamhomebecauseIcanspeakinChineseandlearninChinese,whilelearninginEnglish.SoitmakesmefeelbetterandmakesmeunderstandmoreaboutthetaskI'mlearning.

AnastasiaHudikovacametotheUnitedStateswhenshewas2yearsold.ShesaystheRussian-Englishprogrammekeepsherconnectedtoherheritageandherparents.

TheNewYorkschoolsalsoofferdual-languageprogrammesinsevenotherlanguages:Arabic,French,HaitianCreole,Hebrew,Korean,PolishandSpanish.Thereareplanstoaddevenmorelanguagesinthefuture.Whilethesedual-languageprogrammesarepopular,educatorsintheUSsaythatteachingEnglishcomesfirst.TheUSEnglishwantstomakeEnglishtheofficiallanguageoftheUnitedStates.（1）WhyaremanycoursesofpublicschoolsinNewYorkCitytaughtinbothlanguages?A.Togetthestudentstoknowtheculturesofothercountries.B.Toencouragemorestudentstogoabroadtostudyfurther.C.Toattractmorestudentstostudyinthepublicschools.D.Toshowtheadvantagesofstudyinginthepublicschools.（2）Howdoesthetextintroducethefactthatit'svitaltolearndifferentlanguages?A.Bymakingcomparisons.B.Bylistingpeople'sattitudes.C.Byclarifyingthesituation.D.Bygivingsomenumbers.（3）Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.MorelanguageshavebeenaddedtotheNewYorkCityschools.B.It'sunnecessarytolearnmorelanguagesinNewYorkCity.C.Englishshouldbeamustthoughdifferentlanguagesaretaught.D.Englishisspokenbythelargestnumberofpeopleintheworld.（4）Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.English,outofdate?B.ThenewestfashioninNewYorkCityC.TheeducationinNewYorkCityD.Dual-language,tobeornot?【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）C（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文,介紹了紐約的公立學(xué)校在重視英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的同時(shí),還強(qiáng)調(diào)雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)的必要性。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Maths,socialstudies,scienceandallotherregularcoursesaretaughtinbothlanguagessothattheycouldlearnaboutthecultureoftheothercountries.”可知,紐約公立學(xué)校的許多課程用雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)的目的是讓學(xué)生了解其他國(guó)家的文化風(fēng)俗。故選A。（2）考查推理判斷。本文通過(guò)列舉多人的觀點(diǎn)證明了學(xué)習(xí)多種語(yǔ)言的必要性。故選B。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Whilethesedual-languageprogrammesarepopular,educatorsintheUSsaythatteachingEnglishcomesfirst.”可知,美國(guó)的教育學(xué)家認(rèn)為盡管在學(xué)校雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)很流行,但是英語(yǔ)的地位是不能動(dòng)搖的。故選C。（4）考查主旨大意。本文主要講述了紐約的公立學(xué)校在重視英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的同時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)雙語(yǔ)教學(xué)的必要性，故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

AsaFulbright（富布萊特法案基金）scholaratYale,Iwantedverymuchtogetsomeindividualhelpfromsomefamousprofessors,buttheiroffice-hourswereonlyonceaweekandtherewerealwaysstudentswaitingoutside.Atfirst,Iwastoopolitetogettheirhelp.ThenIrealizedthatChinesepolitenessdoesnotworkinthissociety.IneededtobeaggressivetogetwhatIwanted.IalsonoticedthatChinesestudentsorAsianstudentswereverypoliteinclasswhileAmericanstudentsofteninterruptedtheprofessor,askingquestionsanddominatingthediscussion.TheChinesestudentswerenotasaggressiveasAmericanstudents.

Iwasimpressedbytheroleoftheprofessorintheclass.Theprofessordidn'tactasanauthority,givingfinalconclusions,butasaresearcherlookingforanswerstoquestionstogetherwiththestudents.Onelinguisticfeatureofhisinteractingwithhisstudentswasthatheusedmanymodalverbs-farmorethanIdidinBeiwai.Whenansweringquestions,heusuallysaid:"thisismypersonalopinionanditcouldbewrong.ItwouldbeagoodideaifyoucouldreadthebookImentionedtheotherday."Or,"YoumayfindthebookIrecommendedhelpful."Or,"Youcouldberight,butyoumightfindthispointofviewalsointeresting."Whenmakingcommentsonstudents'performances,theprofessorusuallysaid:"Itmighthavebeenmuchclearerifyouhadtakeninsomeoftheideaswediscussedearlierthissemester."

InChina,authoritiesarealwayssupposedtogivewisedecisionsandcorrectdirections.Thereforestudentsalwaysexpecttheprofessortogiveananswertothequestion.Istillrememberhowannoyedtheywerewhenforeignteachersdidnotprovidesuchananswer.TheirexpectationsfromauthoritiesaremuchhigherthanthoseofAmericanstudents.OncetheChinesestudentsgottheanswer,theyweresureaboutit.ThatiswhytheymakefarmorecertainstatementthanAmericanstudents.ThatiswhyChinesestudentsfinditdifficulttousemodalverbsbecausethefunctionofmodalverbsistoprovideroomfornegotiationanddifferentideas.（1）TheAmericanprofessorsusemanymodalverbsbecausetheywantto______.A.

arguewiththeirstudents

B.

bemoresureabouttheiranswersC.

expresstheirideasmoreclearly

D.

developtheirstudents'ownwayofthinking（2）Whichofthefollowingstatementsbestexpressestheauthor'sidea?A.

Chineseprofessorscanalwaysgivecorrectanswertothequestion.B.

Americanprofessorsarenotresponsiblesincetheydon'tgivestudentsanswers.C.

Americaneducationproducesaggressivestudents.D.

EducationinChinaisnothelpfulindevelopingstudents'creativity.（3）Whichofthefollowingmethodsdidtheauthormainlyemployindevelopingthearticle?A.

Comparisonandcontrast.

B.

Causeandeffect.

C.

Givingexamples.

D.

Description.（4）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardseducationinU.S.?A.

Positive

B.

Negative

C.

Neutral

D.

Unsure【答案】（1）D（2）D（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】文章描述中西方不同的文化背景下，學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)方式和表達(dá)方式的不同。（1）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容Theprofessordidn'tactasanauthority,givingfinalconclusions,butasaresearcherlookingforanswerstoquestionstogetherwiththestudents.教授并不作為權(quán)威，給出最后答案，而是作為研究者，和學(xué)生一起尋找問(wèn)題的答案。下句說(shuō)到他們和學(xué)生交流的語(yǔ)言特征是使用很多的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，并舉了很多例句，因此可推斷美國(guó)教授這樣做是為了發(fā)展學(xué)生自己的思維方式。故選D。（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中作者的描述，中國(guó)學(xué)生總是期待教授給出問(wèn)題的答案，他們對(duì)權(quán)威的期待比美國(guó)學(xué)生高的多，一旦中國(guó)學(xué)生得到答案，他們就很確定?？赏茢嘀袊?guó)教育對(duì)發(fā)展學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造力是沒(méi)有幫助的。故選D。（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通讀全文可知，文章通過(guò)比較和對(duì)比來(lái)說(shuō)明中西方學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)方式和教育方式的不同。故選A。（4）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。作者只是通過(guò)比較和對(duì)比來(lái)描述中西方學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)方式和教育方式的不同，并沒(méi)有對(duì)美國(guó)教育加以評(píng)論，故作者對(duì)美國(guó)教育的態(tài)度是中立的。故選C。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解，涉及推理判斷題和細(xì)節(jié)理解題。推理判斷題要注意聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出所需信息；細(xì)節(jié)理解題要注意仔細(xì)閱讀文章，從文中找出所需答案。4．閱讀理解

Almostnoneofushavethetimetoreadeverythingwe'dliketoread.Yetwelosecountlesshourstodailyactivitiesthatbringuslittlejoyliketakingbusesandwaitinginline.Whatifwecouldturntheselittleblocksofunoccupiedtimeintopreciousandrewardingmomentsforlearningandreflection?

Foundedin2012,iReader,amicro-learningapponmobilephones,bringsthebiggestideasfrombest-sellingbooksthrough15-minuteaudio(音頻)andtext.Sofar,morethan3,000bookshavebeenincluded,rangingfrompsychologyandparentingtomanagementandeconomics,withnewtitlesaddedeveryday.

Readerispioneeringanewmethodofreading,withover9millionusersenjoyingthebenefitsalready.AccordingtothePewResearchCenter(PRC),theBritishreadjust4paperbooksayearandover25%haven'treadasinglepaperbookthisyear,butreadingisn'tdying.TherearenowmorewaysfortheBritishtoreadthaneverbefore,duetothewidespreaduseofe-booksandaudiobooks.

ThebooksiniReaderarerewrittentoensureitiseasytorememberthemaincontent.Thewaythecontentiseditedhasbeenspecificallydesignedtoensureitisusefulinpractice.Besides,thecontentisrewrittenwithrelevantexamplesinreallife,whichmeansusersaremorelikelytorememberandapplywhatishelpfultothem.

HolgerSeim,Germanco-founderofthisapp,declares,"iReadergivesyouthebiggestideasintheshortestpossibletime.Ittransformsgreatideasintolittlepacksyoucanlistentoorreadinjust15minutes."（1）Whatdoestheauthorsuggestpeopledointheunoccupiedtime?A.

Readandthink.

B.

Writeandshare.C.

Avoidtakingbuses.

D.

Bringjoytodailyroutines.（2）WhatcanweinferfromthePRCfindings?A.TheBritishbenefitalotfromreading.B.Readingmethodsaremoreimportantthanbefore.C.Digitaltechnologyaretakingtheplaceofpaperbooks.D.NewformsofbooksarechangingthewaytheBritishread.（3）HowdoesiReadermakethecontenteasytoremember?A.Bybringingfuntoit.B.Bymakingituseful.C.Byusingartisticdesigns.D.Bytakingusersasexamples.（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.iReaderPreventsReadingfromDyingB.iReaderUnitesWorldwideBook-loversC.iReader:TheBestNewAppCreationD.iReader:BigIdeasinSmallPackages【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）B（4）D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了一種閱讀方式：iReader。它開(kāi)創(chuàng)了一種新的閱讀方式，已經(jīng)有超過(guò)900萬(wàn)的用戶享受到了這種好處，同時(shí)也正改變著英國(guó)人的閱讀方式。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。第一段中的“Almostnoneofushavethetimetoreadeverythingwe'dliketoread.”幾乎沒(méi)有人有時(shí)間讀我們想讀的所有東西；以及最后一段中的“Whatifwecouldturntheselittleblocksofunoccupiedtimeintopreciousandrewardingmomentsforlearningandreflection?”可知作者認(rèn)為我們應(yīng)該把空閑的時(shí)間變成寶貴的、有價(jià)值的學(xué)習(xí)和反思的時(shí)間，即作者建議我們利用空閑時(shí)間來(lái)閱讀和思考，故選A。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“TherearenowmorewaysfortheBritishtoreadthaneverbefore,duetothewidespreaduseofe-booksandaudiobooks.”可知由于電子書(shū)和有聲書(shū)的廣泛使用，英國(guó)人現(xiàn)在有了比以往更多的閱讀方式。即從PRC的發(fā)現(xiàn)中我們能得知新的書(shū)籍形式正在改變英國(guó)人的閱讀方式。故選D。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Thewaythecontentiseditedhasbeenspecificallydesignedtoensureitisusefulinpractice.”可知iReader通過(guò)使得目錄有助于實(shí)踐來(lái)讓內(nèi)容更容易記住，故選B。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)最后一段中的“iReadergivesyouthebiggestideasintheshortestpossibletime.Ittransformsgreatideasintolittlepacksyoucanlistentoorreadinjust15minutes.”可知iReader能在最短的時(shí)間內(nèi)給你最大的想法。它把偉大的想法轉(zhuǎn)化成小包裝，你可以在15分鐘內(nèi)聽(tīng)或讀。再結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知，文章主要是說(shuō)明了iReader這種新的閱讀方式是小包裝里的大創(chuàng)意，故選D?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解

Childrenwhospendmoretimereadingwiththeirparentshaveagreaterchanceofbecomingbetterreadersthanthosewhodon't.Withhelpfromtheirparents,childrencanlearntechniquestoimprovetheirreadingskills.

"Alotofparentsthinkaftertheirchildlearnstoread,theyshouldstopreadingtothem,"DonnaGeorgesaid."Theyaresadlymistaken."

GeorgeoffersherservicestoparentsattheTitleILearningCenters.Shesaidreadingaloudtochildrenmaybethemostvaluablethingparentscando."Itisbetterforchildrentohearthingsatahighlevelthanwheretheyare,"Georgesaid."Parentsaretheirchild'sfirstteacher."Parentshelptheirchildrenbuildlistening,phonics,comprehensionandvocabularyskillswhentheyreadaloudtothem.

Beforeparentscanidentifyreadingproblems,theyshouldescapetheenemy—televisionandlimitthetimetheirchildrenspendwatchingtelevision.GeorgesuggestednotallowingkidstohaveaTVintheirbedrooms,settingascheduleofwhenkidscanwatchorkeepingalistofhowmanyprogramschildrenwatch.LouiseJonessaidthatwhileher14-year-olddaughterand10-year-oldsonenjoyreading,thetelevisionsometimesbecomesadistraction.Soshetriestobuildthesituationbysuggestingbookstheentirefamilywillenjoyreadingtogether,liketheHarryPotterseries.

Parentswhodonotreadthemselvesshouldnotcountontheirchildrenbeingenthusiasticaboutit.Ifparentswouldreadtotheirchildrenatleast15minuteseveryday,childrenwouldnothavesomanyproblemsinschool.Itistheparents'jobtohelpbuildthatdesireintheirchildren,andofcoursetoknowwhatkindofbookstoreadisalsoimportant.（1）AccordingtoGeorge,readingaloudtochildren______.A.helpsthemcorrectmistakesB.ishelpfultotheirreadingC.isparents'firstdutytotheirchildrenD.cangetchildrenoutoftelevision'sattraction（2）Theunderlinedword"distraction"(inParagraph4)meanssomethingthatcan_____.A.improvechildren'sreadingskillsB.helpchildrenformtherighthabitofreadingC.makechildreninterestedinreadingD.stopchildrenconcentratingonreading（3）Whatisimportantaccordingtothefourthparagraph?A.Readingskills.B.Readingspeed.C.Readingmaterials.D.Readingenvironment.（4）Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe______.A.ChildrenSpendMoreTimeReadingwithParentsB.ParentsAreTheirChild'sFirstTeacherC.HowParentsMakeTheirChildaBetterReaderD.HowtoImproveChildren'sReadingAbility【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）D（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了經(jīng)常與父母一起閱讀的孩子更容易成為優(yōu)秀的閱讀者，在父母的幫助下，孩子們會(huì)提高閱讀技巧，并詳細(xì)闡述了父母如何使孩子成為更好的閱讀者。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Parentshelptheirchildrenbuildlistening,phonics,comprehensionandvocabularyskillswhentheyreadaloudtothem.”可知家長(zhǎng)對(duì)孩子大聲的閱讀，會(huì)幫助他們建立聽(tīng)力、發(fā)音、理解和詞匯技能。即家長(zhǎng)對(duì)孩子大聲的閱讀對(duì)孩子的閱讀是有幫助的，故選B。（2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第四段中的“Beforeparentscanidentifyreadingproblems,theyshouldescapetheenemy—televisionandlimitthetimetheirchildrenspendwatchingtelevision.”可知電視是影響孩子閱讀的敵人，所以當(dāng)LouiseJoines14歲的女兒和10歲的兒子享受閱讀的快樂(lè)時(shí)，電視就會(huì)成為使他們分心的東西，所以distraction的意思是“分心”，故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。第四段主要講了為了避免電視成為孩子閱讀的障礙，不建議在孩子的臥室安裝電視，而且列舉了LouiseJones的例子，為了避免電視使孩子分心，LouiseJones營(yíng)造全家都讀書(shū)的氛圍。所以從本段可以知道閱讀環(huán)境是很重要的，故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。主要講述了經(jīng)常與父母一起閱讀的孩子更容易成為優(yōu)秀的閱讀者，在父母的幫助下，孩子們會(huì)提高閱讀技巧。并詳細(xì)闡述了父母如何使孩子成為更好的閱讀者。故選C。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)，推理判斷和主旨大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Therearearound600,000vegans(素食者)intheUK.That'sjustover1%ofthepopulation—anamountexpectedtoincreaseto25%by2025.Andifthere'sonetypeoffoodthatBritslove,itisfastfood.PeopleintheUKloveitsomuchthattherewasa34%increaseinthenumberoffastfoodoutletsfrom2010to2018.It'snosurprise,then,thatveganfastfoodisalsoontherise.

Veganfastfoodhasbecomebigbusiness.AtJustEat,anonlinefooddeliverycompany,veganordersmorethandoubledin2018.Greggs,achainofhigh-streetbakeries,nameditsvegansausagerollthe"fastest-sellingproductinsixyears".AndbigfranchisessuchasMcDonald'sandKFChaveannouncedmeat-freechickennuggets(雞塊)tocomeinthefuture.

What's.drivingthispopularity?KatrinaFox,founderofVeganBusinessMedia,believesit'stheresultofthebreakingdownofstereotypes(成見(jiàn))."Veganfoodisnolongerseenasabitoflettuceandlentils—youcaneatprettymuchanything".

It'salsoclaimedthattherearehealthbenefits.JohnMarulanda,ownerofMooshiesisaveganburgerbarinLondon—wantstoimplement"achangetoahealthyversionoffastfood.Something,heclaims,thatcomesasaresultoftheinherentnutritionalvalueoftheingredientstheyuse.

But,isveganfastfoodactuallyhealthy?AzminaGovindjioftheBritishDieteticAssociationsays"nottoassume"thatisthecase,"It'sfineifthoseproductshavegotvitaminB12,iodineorcalciumaddedtothem,buttheycanstillbefried,itcanstillhavelotsofcreamy,fattysaucesandlotsofsalt.

Giventhecurrentgrowthinorders,thetrendforveganfastfoodisn'tlikelytodisappearanytimesoon,Health—wise,itmaynotbeanymorenourishingthanregularfastfood,butformany,thelackofanimalsufferinginvolvedintheprocessisabigplus.（1）What'sthemainideaofParagraph1?A.VegansintheUKareincreasing.B.Britishpeoplelovejunkfood.C.Eatingtoomuchfastfoodisbadforhealth.D.VeganfastfoodisbecomingpopularinBritain.（2）Whichmightbethereasonforthepopularityofveganfastfood?A.Itsuniqueflavors.B.Thechangeoflifepace.C.Itshealthbenefits.D.Itscolorfuldecorations.（3）WhatisAzminaGovindji'sopinionaboutveganfastfood?A.Itisnotsohealthy.B.Itismorevaried.C.Itismorenutritious.D.Itwillsoondisappear.（4）Whydomanypeopletendtoveganfastfoodaccordingtothelastsentence?A.Tokeepabalanceddiet.B.Forreligiousreasons.C.Outoftheloveforanimals.D.It'scheaperthanregularfood.【答案】（1）D（2）C（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，素食快餐在英國(guó)越來(lái)越受歡迎，文章陳述了它受歡迎的潛在原因。于此同時(shí)，也有人認(rèn)為素食快餐并沒(méi)有那么健康，可能人們選擇素食快餐是出于對(duì)動(dòng)物的愛(ài)。（1）考查段落大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“It'snosurprise,then,thatveganfastfoodisalsoontherise.”毫無(wú)以外，素食快餐也在增加，可知，本段主要講述隨著快餐在英國(guó)的增加，素食快餐也在增加，即素食快餐在英國(guó)變得越來(lái)越受歡迎。故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“It'salsoclaimedthattherearehealthbenefits.”它還聲稱對(duì)健康有益)可知，素食快餐流行的原因之一是對(duì)健康有好處。故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“AzminaGovindjioftheBritishDieteticAssociationsays‘nottoassume’thatisthecase,"It'sfineifthoseproductshavegotvitaminB12,iodineorcalciumaddedtothem..buttheycanstillbefried,itcanstillhavelotsofcreamy,fattysaucesandlotsofsalt.”英國(guó)飲食協(xié)會(huì)的AzminaGovindji說(shuō)，“不要假設(shè)”是這樣的情況，“如果這些產(chǎn)品含有維生素B12就好了，加入碘或鈣。但是它們?nèi)匀皇怯驼ǎ匀挥性S多奶油、脂肪和很多鹽?！笨赏茰y(cè)，AzminaGovindji認(rèn)為素食快餐并沒(méi)有那么健康，因?yàn)樗鼈內(nèi)匀挥脕?lái)油炸，含有大量脂肪和鹽。故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Health-wise,itmaynotbeanymorenourishingthanregularfastfood,butformany，thelackofanimalsufferinginvolvedintheprocessisabigplus.”在健康方面，它可能不會(huì)比普通快餐更營(yíng)養(yǎng)，但對(duì)于很多人來(lái)說(shuō)，在整個(gè)過(guò)程中沒(méi)有動(dòng)物受苦是一大好處，可知，很多人選擇素食快餐是因?yàn)闆](méi)有動(dòng)物的痛苦在里面，故推測(cè)他們是出于對(duì)動(dòng)物的愛(ài)而選擇素食快餐的。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和段落大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇健康類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Shetookupskatingatage85,madeherfirstmovieappearanceatage114,andheldaconcertintheneighborhoodonher121stbirthday.

Whenitcomestolonglife,JeanneCalmentistheworld'srecordholder.Shelivedtotheripeoldageof122.Sois122theupperlimittothehumanlifespan(壽命)?Ifscientistscomeupwithsomesortofpillordietthatwouldslowaging,couldwepossiblymakeitto150－orbeyond?

Researchersdon'tentirelyagreeontheanswers."Calmentlivedto122,soitwouldn'tsurprisemeifsomeonealivetodayreaches130or135,"saysJerryShayattheUniversityofTexas.

SteveAustadattheUniversityofTexasagrees."Peoplecanlivemuchlongerthanwethink,"hesays."Expertsusedtosaythathumanscouldn'tlivepast110.WhenCalmentblewpastthatage,theyraisedthenumberto120.Sowhycan'twegohigher?"

Thetroublewithguessinghowoldpeoplecanlivetobeisthatit'salljustguessing."Anyonecanmakeupanumber,"saysRichMillerattheUniversityofMichigan."UsuallythescientistwhopicksthehighestnumbergetshisnameinTimemagazine."

Won'tnewanti-agingtechniqueskeepusaliveforcenturies?Anycure,saysMiller,foragingwouldprobablykeepmostofuskickinguntilabout120.Researchersareworkingontreatmentsthatlengthenthelifespanofmiceby50percentatmost.So,iftheaveragehumanlifespanisabout80years,saysMiller,"addinganother50percentwouldgetyouto120."

Sowhatcanweconcludefromthislittledisagreementamongtheresearchers?Thatlifespanisflexible(有彈性的),butthereisalimit,saysGeorgeMartinoftheUniversityofWashington."Wecangetfliestolive50percentlonger,"hesays."Butafly'snevergoingtolive150years."Ofcourse,ifyoubecameanewspecies(物種),onethatagesataslowerspeed,thatwouldbeadifferentstory,headds.

DoesMartinreallybelievethathumanscouldevolve(進(jìn)化)theirwaytolongerlife?"It'sprettycooltothinkabout,"hesayswithasmile.（1）WhatdoesthestoryofJeanneCalmentprovetous?A.Peoplecanliveto122.B.Oldpeoplearecreative.C.Womenaresportyat85.D.Womenlivelongerthanmen.（2）AccordingtoSteveAustadattheUniversityofTexas,______.A.theaveragehumanlifespancouldbe110B.scientistscannotfindwaystoslowagingC.fewpeoplecanexpecttolivetoover150D.researchersarenotsurehowlongpeoplecanlive（3）Whowouldagreethatascientistwillbecomefamousifhemakesthewildestguessatlongevity?A.JerryShay.B.SteveAustad.C.RichMiller.D.GeorgeMartin.（4）Whatcanweinferfromthelastthreeparagraphs?A.Mostofuscouldbegoodatsportsevenat120.B.Theaveragehumanlifespancannotbedoubled.C.Scientistsbelievemiceareagingataslowerspeedthanbefore.D.Newtechniquescouldbeusedtochangefliesintoanewspecies【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了科學(xué)家對(duì)長(zhǎng)壽的不同觀點(diǎn)和對(duì)延長(zhǎng)人的壽命的不同理解。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“JeanneCalmentistheworld'srecordholder.Shelivedtotheripeoldageof122.”說(shuō)明人們可以活到122歲，故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。文章第四段中的“Peoplecanlivemuchlongerthanwethink.”可知人類(lèi)能活多長(zhǎng)仍是未知數(shù)，故選D。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第五段中的“UsuallythescientistwhopicksthehighestnumbergetshisnameinTimemagazine."，可知RichMiller認(rèn)為科學(xué)家們，只要瘋狂的想法找機(jī)會(huì)成名，因此選C。（4）考查推理判斷。最后三段提到了在老鼠身上做的實(shí)驗(yàn)，證明生命是可以通過(guò)抗老技術(shù)延長(zhǎng)的，但同時(shí)又提到生命是有限度的?？茖W(xué)家通過(guò)試驗(yàn)證實(shí)人類(lèi)平均壽命的跨度不能翻倍，故選B。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇健康類(lèi)閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解

Mistakesareapartoflife.Toerrishuman.Failureisalsoapartoflife,nottheendoflife.Behappyfacinglife'schallenges.Whenyoumaketheefforttobehappyandtoimproveyourlife,youareactuallyrewardedalongtheway.

Lifeislikeagameandmaybeyoucanaward(獎(jiǎng)勵(lì))pointsforeveryeffortthathasbeenasuccessforyou.Tryit.Addtenpointsforeveryachievement.Andwhenyouhavereached50points,justyell,"Hey,I'vewon!"andgiveyourselfareward.Ifyouhappentohavemissedyourpointsforwhateverreason,tellyourself,"Well,Itried!"whichisbetterthannottryingatall.Don'tletitbesaidyoudidn'ttry.

Whatisitthatyouwanttomakeyourselfhappy?Actuallyhappinessmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Forexample,anathletewillbehappywinninghisfirstrace.Foranewmotherhappinesswouldbeseeingherbaby'sfirststeps.Happinessforapoorpersonwouldmeanhavingamealjustfortoday.Sohappinessforyouisreallysomethingsimplethatyouwantforyourself.

Itreallydoesn'thavetobebig.Asamatteroffactyoushouldalwayshaverealisticexpectations.Makethebestoutofeverygivensituation.Ifyouexpectacertainresultfromasituationanditdoesnothappen,don'tgetdespondent.Thisjustmeanstryinghardernexttime.Weallhaveinusthepowertosucceed.Don'tlet"giveup"beapartofyourvocabulary.（1）Bysaying"Toerrishuman",theauthormeansthat________.A.humanbeingsshouldtrytoavoid(避免)makingmistakesB.nooneisperfect(完美的)andeveryonemakesmistakesC.mistakesandfailuresmakeupourlifeD.humanbeingsmakemistakeseasily（2）What'sthemainideaofParagraph2?A.Trytoreach50points.B