專題08閱讀理解

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一、細(xì)節(jié)理解類

(一)明考查方式和考查角度

I.把握細(xì)節(jié)理解題的常見(jiàn)設(shè)問(wèn)方式：

⑴特殊疑問(wèn)句形式：以when,where,what,which,who,howmuch/many等疑問(wèn)詞開(kāi)頭引出的問(wèn)題。

(2)填空題形式：通常涉及與主題有關(guān)的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)。

(3)就文中數(shù)字、排序等提問(wèn)。

II.明晰細(xì)節(jié)理解題的考查角度：

(1)高頻考點(diǎn)：直接信息題；間接信息題。

(2)低頻考點(diǎn)：數(shù)字計(jì)算題；正誤判斷題；細(xì)節(jié)排序題。

(二)細(xì)節(jié)理解題正確選項(xiàng)特征

同義替換指對(duì)原文句子中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行同義替換。如把loseone'sjob換成了beoutofwork。有些細(xì)節(jié)

理解題把原文中的一些詞變換一下詞性，如把important變換成ofimportance；改變?cè)闹芯?/p>

子的語(yǔ)態(tài)，如主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)換。

信息歸納用精煉的語(yǔ)言來(lái)概括原文中比較分散或復(fù)雜的信息，設(shè)置為正確答案。

正話反說(shuō)把原文中的意思反過(guò)來(lái)表達(dá)而成為正確選項(xiàng)。

原文原詞利用原文原詞作為正確選項(xiàng)。

(三)細(xì)節(jié)理解題干擾選項(xiàng)特征

張冠李戴是原文信息，但不是題目要求的內(nèi)容。

無(wú)中生有符合常識(shí)，但不是文章的內(nèi)容。

曲解文意與原文的內(nèi)容極其相似，只是在某個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)處有些變動(dòng)。

顛倒是非在意思上與原文大相徑庭甚至完全相反。

正誤參半部分正確，部分錯(cuò)誤。

二、推理判斷類

(一)明確考查特點(diǎn)

I.把握推理判斷題常見(jiàn)的命題方式

(l)Wecaninferfromthe(first.../last)passagethat.(2)Thepassage/authorimplies/suggeststhat.

(3)Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat.(4)Themainpurposeofthepassageis.

(5)Wheredoesthispassageprobablycomefrom?(6)What'stheauthor'sattitudetowards...?

(7)Thewriterdevelopedthepassage/hismainideaby.

(8)Thefirst.../lastparagraphservesasa(n).

n.掌握推理判斷題的考查角度

(i)高頻考點(diǎn)：推斷隱含意義、寫(xiě)作意圖、觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度。

⑵低頻考點(diǎn)：推斷下段內(nèi)容、文章出處、讀者對(duì)象。

(二)推理判斷題正確選項(xiàng)特征

推理判斷題中的正確選項(xiàng)是依據(jù)文章的事實(shí)或證據(jù)推斷出的符合邏輯的結(jié)論或觀點(diǎn)，正確選項(xiàng)一般具有以

下特征：

1.“立足原文，只推一步”，即根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容，一步即可推得。

2.選項(xiàng)中一般不可以出現(xiàn)絕對(duì)概念。如only,never,all,absolutely等，正確答案的表述一般有一點(diǎn)模糊，會(huì)

用一些相對(duì)能夠留有一些余地的詞匯，如often,usually,sometimes,some,may,might,can,could,probably等。

(三)推理判斷題干擾選項(xiàng)特征'''

1.曲解文意：即推測(cè)意義與文章表層意義有區(qū)別。推理判斷題中有些選項(xiàng)來(lái)自文章中的某一句或某幾句話,

命題者可能會(huì)利用里面的詞設(shè)計(jì)出干擾項(xiàng)，看似表達(dá)文章的意思，其實(shí)是借題發(fā)揮，是對(duì)原文意思的曲解。

2.張冠李戴：即把文章中作者的觀點(diǎn)與其他人的觀點(diǎn)混淆在一起。題干問(wèn)的是作者的觀點(diǎn)，選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的

卻是其他人的觀點(diǎn)；題干問(wèn)的是其他人的觀點(diǎn)，選項(xiàng)中卻出現(xiàn)了作者的觀點(diǎn)。

3.偷梁換柱：干擾項(xiàng)用了與文章中某一句話相似的句型結(jié)構(gòu)和單詞，卻在考生易忽視的地方換了幾個(gè)單詞,

造成句意的改變。

4.無(wú)中生有：這種類型的干擾項(xiàng)往往是基本的生活常識(shí)或普遍認(rèn)可的觀點(diǎn)，但在文章中并無(wú)相關(guān)的信息支

撐點(diǎn)。其次，這種干擾項(xiàng)也有可能與設(shè)置的問(wèn)題毫不相干。

5.魚(yú)目混珠：魚(yú)目混珠類型的干擾項(xiàng)常出現(xiàn)在詞句理解類試題的選項(xiàng)中，即利用某個(gè)詞或句子的字面含義

代替其在文章特定語(yǔ)境中的具體含義。

6.擴(kuò)縮范圍：為了準(zhǔn)確、嚴(yán)密地表達(dá)文章內(nèi)容，命題者特別注意對(duì)文意范圍的限定，有時(shí)通過(guò)加上almost,

all,nearly,morethan,normally,usually等詞語(yǔ)對(duì)文意加以限制?！皵U(kuò)縮范圍”干擾法就是在選項(xiàng)中通過(guò)改變或

去掉限制性詞語(yǔ)，將信息的范圍、程度、感情色彩等改變，從而給考生解題造成干擾的命題方法。

三、詞義猜測(cè)類

（一）明確考查特點(diǎn)

I.把握詞句猜測(cè)題常見(jiàn)的命題方式

（l）Thephrase"...”inthesentencecouldbereplacedby.

（2）Theword"...”intheparagraphrefersto.

（3）Whatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinthe...paragraph?AVhatdoestheunderlinedwordmean?

（4）Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningtothephrase

（5）Thewordmostnearlymeans.

（6）Theunderlinedsentenceinthesecondparagraphimpliesthat________.

n.掌握詞句猜測(cè)題的考查角度’

（1）猜測(cè)生詞或熟詞生義；（2）猜測(cè)短語(yǔ)的意義；（3）猜測(cè)替代詞所替代的內(nèi)容（如it,one,they,this,that,these,

those等）；（4）猜測(cè)句意。

（二）明確方法技巧

（1）根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋進(jìn)行猜測(cè)

（2）根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)

（3）根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法（前綴、后綴、派生、合成等）進(jìn)行猜測(cè)

（4）根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)

（5）根據(jù)上下文的指代關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)

（6）根據(jù)同義或近義關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)

（7）根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測(cè)

（8）意義吻合定句意

四、主旨大意類題型

（一）明確考查特點(diǎn)

I.把握主旨大意題常見(jiàn)的命題方式

Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

Whatdoesthetextmainlytellus?

Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

Themainideaofthefirst/second/thirdparagraphis.

Paragraph1/2/3mainlydealswith.

n.掌握主旨大意題的考查角度

主旨大意類題型主要測(cè)試學(xué)生對(duì)文章全面理解和概括的能力，提問(wèn)的內(nèi)容可能是全文的大意，也可能

是某段的段落大意，一般不易在文中直接找到答案。

（二）明確方法技巧

1.閱讀文章的標(biāo)題或副標(biāo)題

文章的標(biāo)題是一篇文章的題眼，通過(guò)閱讀標(biāo)題或副標(biāo)題可以迅速把握文章的主旨大意。

2.尋找文章的主題句

分析篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，找出文章主題。在許多情況下，尤其在閱讀說(shuō)明文和議論文時(shí)，根據(jù)其篇章特點(diǎn)我們

可以通過(guò)仔細(xì)閱讀短文的第一句或第二句，即文章的主題句來(lái)歸納出文章的主題.若短文由若干段組成，除

仔細(xì)閱讀第一段的首句外，還須仔細(xì)閱讀每一段的第一句，即段落中心。通常文章的中心思想包含在文章

的首句，有時(shí)也在文章的末句，其他句子都是用來(lái)說(shuō)明和闡述主題句。因此，在確定文章的中心思想時(shí)，

要求學(xué)生重視閱讀文章的首句和末句。但也有一些文章，中心思想常常貫穿在全文中，因此要求學(xué)生綜觀

全文，對(duì)段落的內(nèi)容要融會(huì)貫通，對(duì)文章透徹理解后歸納總結(jié)。主題句的特點(diǎn)是：1.相對(duì)于其他句子，它

表達(dá)的意思比較概括；2.主題句一般結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單；3.段落中其他句子必定是用來(lái)解釋，支撐或發(fā)展主題句所

表達(dá)的思想的。

五、理清文章結(jié)構(gòu)

文章的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)是文章重要的內(nèi)在特征，了解篇章段落的邏輯結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)提高閱讀理解的準(zhǔn)度和速度有著

不可估量的作用。因此，在平時(shí)的閱讀理解訓(xùn)練中要強(qiáng)化領(lǐng)悟段落、篇章結(jié)構(gòu)及行文邏輯內(nèi)在規(guī)律，長(zhǎng)此

以往，內(nèi)化于心，潛移默化形成讀文的內(nèi)在“情思”，這個(gè)“情思”就是指與文章情感思路一致的、默契的思維

流動(dòng)。具備了這種“情思”，快讀、精讀文章就達(dá)到了一種至高境界。

（一）記敘文中的“具體事例型段落”——抓住此事例圍繞的觀點(diǎn)

這種類型的段落整段都在講具體事例。往往這個(gè)事例本身并不重要，而作者是為了證明自己的某個(gè)觀

點(diǎn)才講了這樣一個(gè)事例。因此，考生要站在宏觀的角度把握這個(gè)事例證明了什么觀點(diǎn)，或者說(shuō)明了哪一方

面。它的特點(diǎn)就是會(huì)有特別具體的描述詞，比如某個(gè)人名，多次被提到，而且用到的動(dòng)詞也都是一些表示

具體動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，而不是觀點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞。

（二）說(shuō)明文中的“對(duì)比型段落”——分清層次最重要

這種段落最常見(jiàn)的就是按時(shí)間分類說(shuō)明或按某一特性分類說(shuō)明。針對(duì)這種段落，要特別留意段落中的

過(guò)渡詞，比如，aboveall,inaddition,finally等等。

（三）議論文中的“總分型段落”或“分總型段落”——一定要找到并讀懂主旨句

“總分型段落”排列在一開(kāi)始就給出了作者的觀點(diǎn)或者要說(shuō)明的主要內(nèi)容。后面的大部分都在論證這個(gè)觀

點(diǎn)或者進(jìn)行細(xì)節(jié)上的說(shuō)明。針對(duì)這種類型的語(yǔ)篇，考生應(yīng)該做到細(xì)讀主旨段落，略讀細(xì)節(jié)段落，以讀懂主

旨為要?jiǎng)?wù)。考生會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)文后的題目大都圍繞主旨而命題，而偏離主旨的大都是干擾項(xiàng)，而不是正確答案。

“分總型段落”排列在開(kāi)始和中間都是一些細(xì)節(jié)型的內(nèi)容，有時(shí)是平行的細(xì)節(jié)，有時(shí)是層層遞進(jìn)，但一直到語(yǔ)

篇的最后一段才點(diǎn)出最重要的觀點(diǎn)或結(jié)論。顯然讀這種語(yǔ)篇的落腳點(diǎn)應(yīng)該在結(jié)尾處。跟總分型的語(yǔ)篇相比,

分總型的語(yǔ)篇有時(shí)更耗時(shí)間去發(fā)現(xiàn)主旨，因此考生們平時(shí)做題的時(shí)候要多去體會(huì)，爭(zhēng)取在最短的時(shí)間找到

主旨。

基礎(chǔ)題

Doyouknowthatover1/3ofallfoodproducedintheworldgoestowaste?AccordingtotheUnitedNations

（UN）,everyyeararoundtheworld,aboutonebillion（十億）tonsoffoodiswasted.Atthesametime,thereare

nearlyonebillionpeoplewhogohungry.Simply1/4ofthefoodwastedisenoughtokeepthemoutofhunger.In

addition,thewastedfoodproducesoverthreebilliontonsofcarbondioxide（CO2）,whichspeedsupclimate（氣彳戾）

change.Whatcanwedotosolvethisfoodwasteproblem?

Oneeffectivesolutionisbalancingfoodproductionwithdemand（需求）.Inhotelsandothersimilarplaces,

specialinstrumentsshouldbeusedsothatcookingspecialistsjustprepareandcookfoodasitisordered.

Anothereffectivesolutionisstartingprogramstoreduce（減少）foodwaste.Storesandbuyerscantrytheir

besttobecreativeinfoodwastereduction.Forexample,storescanprovidecustomerswithinstructionstelling

themhowtomakefulluseoffood.Buyerscantrynotfixingtheireyesonlyonfoodofthebestquality（質(zhì)量）.

Sometimes,thefoodofnon-topqualityisalsogoodenoughtoeat,orcanbeboughtandthenusedtomake

deliciousdishes.

Oneofthehardestsolutionstoachieveisforeachandeveryonetobuyandpreparefoodwithaplanoftheir

ownsothatlessfoodiswasted.Challengingasitis,theuseofmealplansinpreparingfoodcanplayanimportant

roleinendingfoodwasteinthefamily.

Foodrecyclingisoneoftheknownsolutions.Effortsarenowalreadyinprogress.Foodthatisnotsafefor

humanstoeatisrecycledintootherproductssuchasanimalfeedsandclothing.Yet,thereisstillalongwaytogo

andmuchforimprovementinthisarea.

Inaword,foodwastehasbeenoneofthebiggestproblemsintheworldthathaveinfluencedusgreatly.Many

solutionshavebeenfoundandmanymoreareyettobeworkedout.Ifeachofuscanputinmoreefforts,food

wasteissuretobereducedforthegoodofourfuture.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whatisapossibleresultoffoodwaste?

A.Theproblemofworldwidehunger.B.Abigincreaseinfoodproduction.

CThespeed-upofclimatechange.D.Asuddendropinpopulation.

2.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Foodrecyclinghasbeenhugelysuccessful.B.Buyersshouldgiveupnon-topqualityfood.

C.Storesshouldtrainpeopletomakedeliciousdishes.D.Mealplansinthefamilyarehardtoputintopractice.

3.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.Benefitsofreducingfoodwaste.B.Solutionstothefoodwasteproblem.

C.Theimportanceoffightingfoodwaste.D.Theattitudetothefoodwasteproblem.

【答案】l.C2.D3.B

【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了食物浪費(fèi)的現(xiàn)狀以及四個(gè)解決食物浪費(fèi)問(wèn)題的方法，并得出結(jié)論:

如果我們每個(gè)人都做出努力，食物浪費(fèi)問(wèn)題一定會(huì)有所改善。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Inaddition,thewastedfoodproducesoverthreebilliontonsofcarbondioxide（CO2）,which

speedsupclimatechange.”可知食物浪費(fèi)可能造成的一個(gè)結(jié)果是氣候變化的加速。故選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Oneofthehardestsolutionstoachieveisforeachandeveryonetobuyandpreparefoodwith

aplanoftheirownsothatlessfoodiswasted.”可知家庭的膳食計(jì)劃很難付諸實(shí)施。故選D。

3.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句"Whatcanwedotosolvethisfoodwasteproblem?”以及通讀全文可知主要

介紹了四種解決食物浪費(fèi)問(wèn)題的方法。故選B。

Whenconsideringthekindofexperiencethatmakeslifebetter,mostpeoplefirstthinkthathappinessdepends

onexperiencingpleasure:goodfood,goodjobs,allthecomfortsthatmoneycanbuy.Ifwecouldn'thavethese,we

mightaswellsitinfrontofthetelevisiononaquietevening.

Pleasureisanimportantpartofthequalityoflife,butbyitselfitdoesn'tbringhappiness.Whenpeoplethink

furtheraboutwhatmakesaworthylife,theytend（傾向于）tomovebeyondpleasantmemoriesandbeginto

rememberotherevents,otherexperiencesthatoverlap（有重疊）pleasurableonesbutfallintoagroupwitha

separatename:enjoyment.Enjoyableeventstakeplacewhenpeoplehavenotonlysatisfiedaneedormetsome

earlierexpectation,butalsoachievedsomethingunexpected.

Enjoymentischaracterizedbyasenseofcuriosity,ofachievement.Playingatennisgamethatimprovesone's

abilityisenjoyable,asisreadingabookthatshowsthingsinanewlight,asishavingaconversationthatleadsus

toexpressideaswedidn'tknowwehad.Noneoftheseexperiencesmaybeespeciallypleasurablewhentheyare

takingplace,butwhenwethinkbackonthemafterwards,wewouldsay,“Thatreallywasfun,,andwishthey

wouldhappenagain.Afteranenjoyableeventweknowthatwehavechanged,andgrown.

Experiencesthatgivepleasurecanalsogiveenjoyment,butthetwofeelingsarequitedifferent.Forexample,

everybodytakespleasureineating.However,toenjoysfoodismoredifficult-youhavetopayenoughattention

toameal,soastosenseandtellitsvarioustastes.Asthisexamplesuggests,wecanexperiencepleasurewithout

anypsychicenergy,whileenjoymenthappensonlyasaresultoffullattention.Apersoncanfeelpleasurewithout

anyeffort,aslongascertainpartsinhisbrainarestimulated（刺激）.Butifsimpossibletoenjoyatennisgameora

bookwithoutfullattention.It'sforthisreasonthatpleasuredoesnotlastlong,nordoesitmakeusgrow.Growth

requiresfullattentiontogoalsthatarenew,thatarerelativelychallenging.

Withoutenjoyment,lifewillgoon,anditcanevenbepleasant.Butitdependsheavilyonluckandtheexternal

（外部的）environment.Toachievepersonalcontroloverthequalityofexperience,however,weneedtolearnhow

tobuildenjoymentintowhathappensdayin,dayout.

1.Youwillmostprobablyexperienceenjoymentwhenyou.

A.buyexpensiveshoesB.orderadeliciousmeal

C.talkwithfriendsfornewideasD.sitquietlyinfrontofatelevision

2.Whatdoyouknowaboutpleasureandenjoymentfromthepassage?

A.Enjoymentgrowsoutofpleasure.

B.Pleasureandenjoymentcomehandinhand.

C.Pleasurableexperiencesarepartofenjoyableones.

D.Someexperiencesprovidebothpleasureandenjoyment.

3.Thewords"psychicenergy“inParagraph4areclosestinmeaningto.

A.attentionB.interestC.abilityD.knowledge

4.Thewriterprobablyagreesthat.

A.feelingpleasurestopspeoplefromachievinggrowth

B.feelingenjoymentcomeswithachievinggrowth

C.aworthylifedependsonluckandenvironment

D.pleasureisthekeytoahappyandworthylife

【答案】l.C2.D3.A4.B

【解析】本文主要講述了快樂(lè)和享受的聯(lián)系和對(duì)比。

1.推理判斷題。木艮據(jù)“Playingatennisgamethatimprovesone'sabilityisenjoyable,asisreadingabookthatshows

thingsinanewlight,asishavingaconversationthatleadsustoexpressideaswedidn'tknowwehad.“可知打——

場(chǎng)能提高一個(gè)人能力的網(wǎng)球是令人愉快的，就像讀一本從新的角度看待事物的書(shū)一樣，就像進(jìn)行一場(chǎng)能讓

我們表達(dá)自己不知道自己擁有的想法的談話一樣。由此推出當(dāng)你和朋友談?wù)撔孪敕〞r(shí)，你很可能會(huì)體驗(yàn)到

樂(lè)趣。故選C。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Experiencesthatgivepleasurecanalsogiveenjoyment,butthetwofeelingsarequite

different.”可知有些經(jīng)歷既能帶來(lái)愉悅，又能帶來(lái)享受。故選D。

3.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“Asthisexamplesuggests,wecanexperiencepleasurewithoutanypsychicenergy,while

enjoymenthappensonlyasaresultoffullattention.”可知正如這個(gè)例子所表明的，我們可以在沒(méi)有任何精神能

量的情況下體驗(yàn)快樂(lè)，而享受只有在全神貫注的情況下才會(huì)發(fā)生。psychicenergy與attention意思相近。故

選Ao

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)“Enjoymentischaracterizedbyasenseofcuriosity,ofachievement."以及“Growthrequires

fullattentiontogoalsthatarenew,thatarerelativelychallenging.”可知作者會(huì)贊成“感到快樂(lè)與得到成長(zhǎng)是相輔

相成的”這一觀點(diǎn)。故選B。

Thescientificmethodisusedforsimpleexperimentsthatstudentsmaydointheclassroomorverydifficult

experimentsthatscientistsaredoingallovertheworld.Itisawayofthinkingthathelpsyoutoavoiddrawing

incorrectconclusions.

Thereareusuallyfourstepsinthescientificmethod,includingobservation（觀察）,hypothesis（假設(shè)），

experiment,andconclusion.Thestepsmaynotalwaysbecompletedinthesameorder,butthefirststepisusually

observationandaskingaquestionaboutyourobservation.Forexample,youhadasickstomach,andateacandy

bar.Anhourlater,youobservedthatyoufeltmuchbetter.Here,youcanaskaquestion,suchas,"Whatmakesa

sickstomachfeelbetter?”

Thesecondstepistostateapossibleanswertothequestion,orahypothesis,suchas""Agood

hypothesisincludesthreethings:Theexplanationfortheobservations,itisabletobetested,anditwillusually

predictnewoutcomesorconclusions.

Thethirdstepistheexperiment,totestthehypothesis.Anexperimentisatestwhichwilleitherchallengeor

supportthehypothesis.Thehypothesiswillthenbetrueorfalse.

Thefinalstepistothinkaboutwhathappenedwhenyoutestedthehypothesisanddrawaconclusion.The

conclusionwilleitherclearlysupportthehypothesisoritwillnot.Iftheresultssupportthehypothesis,aconclusion

canbewrittenandyoucanshareitwiththerestoftheworld.Ifitdoesnotsupportthehypothesis,youmaychoose

tochangethehypothesisorwriteanewonebasedonwhatwaslearnedduringtheexperiment.

1.Whichsentencebestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Howdothefourbasicstepsinthescientificmethodwork?

B.Whatmakesagoodhypothesisbasedontheobservation?

C.Theconclusionwillalwaysclearlysupportthehypothesis.

D.Learningthescientificmethodmayhelpstudentssucceedinscience.

2.WhichsentenceshouldgointheemptyboxinParagraph3?

A.Acandybarmakesasickstomachfeelbetter.

B.Itwasthemedicineyoutookanhourearlierthatmadeyoufeelbetter.

C.Eatacandybaragain,andseewhathappenstoyoursickstomach.

D.Askpeopleifeatingacandybarhasmadeasickstomachfeelbetter.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinthelastparagraphreferto（指的是）？

A.Thehypothesis.B.Theconclusion.

C.Thequestion.D.Theobservation.

4.WhichofthefollowingsentencesabouttheexperimentisTRUE?

A.Anexperimentisatesttoalwayssupportthehypothesis.

B.Anexperimentdoesnothavetobepartofthescientificmethod.

C.Anexperimentisatesttoeitherchallengeorsupportahypothesis.

D.Anexperimentisonlyusedwhenscientistsaretryingtoproveahypothesis.

【答案】l.A2.A3.B4.C

【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了基本科學(xué)方法包括四個(gè)步驟：觀察、假設(shè)、實(shí)驗(yàn)和結(jié)論。

1.主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了基本科學(xué)方法包括四個(gè)步驟：觀察、假設(shè)、實(shí)驗(yàn)和結(jié)論。選項(xiàng)A“科學(xué)方法

的四個(gè)基本步驟是如何工作的？”最能表達(dá)出文章主旨。故選A。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Agoodhypothesisincludesthreethings:Theexplanationfortheobservations,itisabletobe

tested,anditwillusuallypredictnewoutcomesorconclusions.（一個(gè)好的假設(shè)包括三件事：對(duì)觀察結(jié)果的解釋，

它能夠被檢驗(yàn)，它通常會(huì)預(yù)測(cè)新的結(jié)果或結(jié)論。）”可知A選項(xiàng)“一塊糖能讓惡心的胃感覺(jué)好一點(diǎn)?！笔且粋€(gè)

好的假設(shè)，是一個(gè)解釋，且能夠被檢驗(yàn)。故選A。

3.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)"Theconclusionwilleitherclearlysupportthehypothesisoritwillnot."可知此處"it”指代前

面的“Theconclusion”，表示“結(jié)論要么明確地支持假設(shè)，要么結(jié)論不支持假設(shè)”。故選B。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Anexperimentisatestwhichwilleitherchallengeorsupportthehypothesis.”可知實(shí)驗(yàn)是——

種挑戰(zhàn)或支持假設(shè)的測(cè)試。故選C。

四

Oneday,Helenshouts,t6Roger,comeandlookattheegg!Ifscracking（裂開(kāi)）Slowlyalongbeak（喙）

appears.Theyareunsurewhatitis.

Dadchecksonthecomputer,a4Hey,look!It'sapterodactyl（翼手龍）"Apterodactyl?^^shoutthechildren.

“Yes,it'satypeofdinosaur.PterodactylscansaysDad.

ThenHelennamesitDacty.

Amonthlater,hegrowsup.Butthereissomethingwrongwithhiswings."MyroomistoosmallandDacty

keepsbanging（碰撞）hiswingsonthewalls.IfeelsorryforsaysHelen.Finally,theytakeDactytoavet（獸

醫(yī)）.

Twoweekslater,Dacty?swingsarebetter.However,heisn'twillingtofly.TheyphoneAuntElizabeth.Soon

shearrives.t4Myofficeisverybig.IfsperfectforDactyduringtheday.Andatnight,whenthemuseumisempty,

Dactycanflyaroundhappily."Thenshetakesthemtothemuseum.Onarriving,theytakeDactyoutofthebasket.

Hestretches（伸展）hiswings,flieshighupandlandsonastonestatue.

“Look,helikeshere,“shoutsHelen.6tCanheseeinthedark?”asksRoger.t4Yes,theyseeclearlyinthedark,

justlikeowls（貓頭鷹）/saysAuntElizabeth.

SixmonthspassesandDactyisverybignow.Onenight,Dactyseeslightsmovinginsidethemuseum.Two

men-BertandEriccomeinwithtorches（手電筒）.Theyarewearingmasksandtryingtoopenacase（箱子）.

Insideitisamummy（木乃伊）.SuddenlyEriclooksupandseesDacty.Heisveryscared.U4Look,Bert,thereisa

hugebirdupthere.,,Bertlooksup.Dactydoesn'tmove,t6Eric,don'tbesilly.Ifsonlyastatue,9,saysBert."Come

on.Iwillopenthecase.Youlookforthegoldmedallions（大獎(jiǎng)?wù)拢〢tthemoment,Dactyfliesdownandcatches

Eric.Thethiefisveryscaredandhecan'tsayanything.Dactyfliesupandliftshimontopofastatue.He'sstuck.

Atonce,DactyfliesdownagainandcatchesBert,too.Bothofthemarestuckthere.

Thenextmorning,whenAuntElizabethcomesin,sheseesthebrokenmummycaseandthetwomen.They

areshoutingloudly.

Dactyfliesdowntoher."Hereyouare,Dacty,“shesaysandpets（愛(ài)撫）hishead.4tThankyou,youdidagreat

job.^^Thenshephonesthepolice.

Themayor（市長(zhǎng)）shakesDacty?swingandputsabigshinymedaloverhishead.""Congratulations,youdida

greatjob.ThenheturnstoAuntElizabeth,"It'sgreattohaveabigbirdasaguard!9,

“Dactyisapterodactyl!,,Rogersays.

“Dactyisaheronow,“saysAuntElizabeth.

“Apterodactyl?”shoutsanotherman."Wow!Theylovewarmweatherandjungles（叢林）.Iworkinthe

BotanicalGardens（植物園）.Wehaveawonderfulpalm（棕桐）house,bigandwarm,justlikeajungle.Hewilllove

there.Youcancometovisititanytime.

SonowDactyislivingintheBotanicalGardens.RogerandHelenvisithimeveryday.

（AdaptedfromTheSurprise）

1.HowdoesDactyhurthiswings?

A.Heplaysgameswiththechildren.B.Hefallsoffthetreewhenflying.

C.HebangsonthewallsinHelen'sroom.D.Hepractisesflyinginthemuseum.

2.WhichwordcanbestdescribeDacty?

A.Curious.B.Honest.C.Generous.D.Smart.

3.Whatisthecorrectorderofwhathappensinthestory?

a.Dactyistakentoseeavet.

b.HelennamesthepterodactylDacty.

c.DactylivesintheBotanicalGardens,

d.Thethievesstealthingsinthemuseum.

A.b-d-a-cB.d-a-b-cC.b-a-d-cD.c-d-a-b

4.Whatcanweinfer（推斷）fromthestory?

A.Alldinosaursenjoycoldweatherandjungles.

B.Humansandanimalsshouldcareabouteachother.

C.Childrenthinkitnecessarytoraiseananimalathome.

D.Itisbetterforadinosaurtolivewithhumansthaninnature.

【答案】l.C2.D3.C4.B

【解析】本文節(jié)選自《令人驚喜的禮物》，主要講述了一個(gè)叫Dacty的翼手龍和人類之間發(fā)生的故事。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"MyroomistoosmallandDactykeepsbanging（碰撞）hiswingsonthewalls”可知它的翅

膀撞到了海倫房間的墻上傷到了翅膀。故選C。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Thankyou,youdidagreatjob”以及文章可知Dacty能夠?qū)⑿⊥底プ?，可知它非常的聰明?/p>

故選Do

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ThenHelennamesitDacty.”可知海倫給它起名叫Dacty,即b；根據(jù)“Finally,theytakeDacty

toavet”可知它傷到了翅膀，他們帶它去看獸醫(yī)，即a；根據(jù)“Twomen-BertandEriccomeinwithtorches（手

電筒）.Theyarewearingmasksandtryingtoopenacase”可知兩個(gè)小偷進(jìn)入到博物館，想要偷東西，即d；根

據(jù)“SonowDactyislivingintheBotanicalGardens”可知現(xiàn)在它住在植物園里，即c,故正確順序是b-a-d-co

故選C。

4.推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，海倫和羅杰照顧Dacty,在它受傷的時(shí)候給它看醫(yī)生，Dacty也幫助抓到了

小偷，由此我們可推出人類和動(dòng)物應(yīng)該互相關(guān)心。故選B。

提高題

MyFirstDayofSchool

Frightened,IwaswalkingintomyfirstschoolinAmerica.IhadtraveledalongdistancefromIndiainorderto

joinmyparents,whohadbeenhereforthreeyears,hopingAmericawouldhelpmyfuture.MyfatherdecidedthatI

wouldhaveabettereducationhere,soIenrolled（登t己）inthelocalhighschoolinmynewtown.

IwasafraidofhowIwoulddo.Onthefirstday,IwenttomysecondclassafterIhadmissedmyfirst.With

anxiety,Ireachedforthedoor,openingitslowly.Withoutpayingattentiontomyclassmates,Iwentstraighttothe

teacherandaskedifthiswastherightclass.Withasoftvoiceheanswered,atYes.^^Hisvoicecomfortedmealittle.

HegavemeasheetcalledCourseRequirements,whichIwouldnevergetinIndiabecausewedidn'thaveanything

likethat.ThenheaskedmetochoosewhereIwouldsit.Ididn'tactuallywanttopickaseat.InIndiawehadfixed

seats,soIneverneededtoworryaboutthat.Ispenttherestoftheclasstakingnotesfromtheimageproducedby

theoverheadprojector（投影儀）.InIndianschools,wedidn'tusethetechnology.Wehadtotakenotesastheteacher

spoke.

Itwasnoon.IwasveryconfusedaboutwhenIwouldhavelunch.IwenttomynextclassandthebellrangasI

entered.Iwentthroughtheregular（慣常的）processofaskingtheteacherifIwasintherightclass.Shesaid,"It's

stillfourthperiod.^^

“Butthebelljustrang,“Isaid.

Changingfromagentletonetoaharsh（刺耳的）one,shesaid,“Thatisthelunchbell,youngman.^^

Iapologized.WithoutanotherwordIheadedforthecafeteria.Ifeltluckybecausewedidn'thavethisinIndia.

EveryconfusionseemedlikeabarrierIhadtogetthroughtoreachmygoal.Attheendoftheday,Iwasonmyway

tothebuswhichwedidn'thaveinIndiaeither.Isawmybusandsatdowninsidehappily.Iwasthinking,today

wasn'tsobad.

l.WhydidtheauthorattendanAmericanhighschool?

A.BecausehisfatherpreferredAmericanschools.

B.Becausehisfamilywantedhimtohaveabrightfuture.

C.Becausehismotherhadworkedinitfor3years.

D.Becausehehadbeenlongingtoleavehishomeland.

2.Whatdoweknowabouttheauthor'sfirstdayofschool?

A.Hewenttothewrongclassforsecondperiod.

B.Hemetsomeenthusiasticteachersandclassmates.

C.HegottheCourseRequirementssheetfromhisclassmate.

D.HeexperienceddifferencesbetweenAmericanandIndianschoolsinmanyways.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"barrier“probablymean?

A.Door.B.Difficulty.

C.Task.D.Period.

4.Howdidtheauthorfeelattheendoftheday?

A.Worried.B.Puzzled.C.Happy.D.Sad.

語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文,主要講述了作者進(jìn)入美國(guó)高中后第一天的經(jīng)歷和感受。

1.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的"hopingAmericawouldhelpmyfUture"和"Iwouldhaveabettereducation

here”可推斷出作者進(jìn)入美國(guó)高中是因?yàn)樗改赶虢o他更好的教育，讓他有一個(gè)光明的未來(lái)。故選B。

2.D推理判斷題。第二段多處提到美國(guó)學(xué)校和印度學(xué)校的區(qū)另IJ,如在印度，沒(méi)有課程要求,學(xué)生不能挑選座位,

上課沒(méi)有科技輔助，以及最后一段提到的印度學(xué)校沒(méi)有餐廳也沒(méi)有校車(chē)等，故可推斷在上學(xué)的第一天，作者從

很多方面感受到了美國(guó)學(xué)校和印度學(xué)校的不同。故選D。

3.B詞義猜測(cè)題。畫(huà)線詞所在句意為“每個(gè)困惑似乎都是我為了達(dá)到目標(biāo)必須要跨越的o”由此可以

推斷出此處應(yīng)該指的是障礙。difficulty從意義上最接近barrier,且與getthrough搭配，故選B。

4.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后三句中的"Attheendoftheday"“satdowninsidehappily^^“todaywasn'tso

bad”可知作者感覺(jué)很快樂(lè)。故選C。

Peruisfamouslyknownasthe"landoftheIncas”.AtriptoPeruhadbeenonmywishlistforquiteawhile.It

wasfinallytimeformetovisitthecountry.

MyfirstdaystartedinLima,thecapitalofPeru.ImetwiththeGAdventuresrepresentative（代表）ofthetour

here.GAdventuresisanorganizationthathelpsyoutoconnectwithotherlike-mindedpeopleinsmall

group-basedtraveladventures.TheyplayedabigpartinhelpingtomakePeruanunforgettableexperienceforme!

InLima,myrepresentativediscussedtheplanformytour,andIalsohadthechancetoexploreLimainmyown

time,withmanyactivities,includingacitytour,show,bikingtour,andmore.

DaytwohadmetakingaflightfromLimatoCusco.ManypeoplevisitCuscoforshoppingbutforme,the

mainreasonforspendingadayortwoinCuscowastoadapttothealtitude（海拔）.AsI'ddecidedtoreachthe

wonderofMachuPicchu,adaptationhadbecomeimportanttoavoidingaltitudesickness.Iwashappytospenda

dayexploringCusco.CuscowasoncethecapitaloftheIncaEmpire.Today,it'sfamousforitsartists,paintings,

clothingandtraditionalinstruments.There*ssomethingforeveryoneinthiscity.

Thedayfinallycame!DaythreehadmeenjoyingalovelyguidedvisittoMachuPicchuatsunrise.Ihadfree

timetoexplorethecityonmyownaswellaswithmyguide.Therewasalottotakein!Ihadtostopforamoment

andfelttheenergyofsuchanancientcity.ThehistoryhereisunbelievableandIwillneverforgetmytimeherefor

aslongasIlive!

1.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetoGAdventures?

A.Doubtful.B.Satisfied.C.Uninterested.D.Hopeful.

2.WhydidtheauthorstayinCusco?

A.Togoshopping.B.Tofindalocalguide.

C.Togetusedtothehighaltitude.D.TodoresearchontheIncaEmpire.

3.HowdidtheauthorfeelwhentravelingaroundMachuPicchu?

A.Fullofexcitement.B.Outofluck.

C.Lostindoubt.D.Deepinregret.

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.MyloveoftravelingB.MywonderfultriptoPeru

C.Peru:the“l(fā)andoftheIncas^^D.Traveling:thefutureofPeru

語(yǔ)篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文，文章主要講述了作者游覽秘魯?shù)慕?jīng)歷。

1.B推理判斷題。由文章第二段第四句“它們?cè)趲椭屆佤敵蔀槲译y忘的經(jīng)歷這件事上發(fā)揮了重要作用!”可

知,作者對(duì)GAdventures是非常滿意的。故選B項(xiàng)。

2.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段第二句“許多人來(lái)庫(kù)斯科購(gòu)物，但對(duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)，在庫(kù)斯科待一兩天主要是為了適

應(yīng)海拔?！笨芍xC項(xiàng)。

3.A推理判斷題。由文章最后一段最后兩句“我不得不停下來(lái)一會(huì)兒，感受這座古城的活力。這里的歷史令

人難以置信,我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記這段時(shí)光!”可知，在游覽馬丘比丘時(shí)，作者心里很激動(dòng)。故選A項(xiàng)。

47.B主旨大意題。由文章第一段“秘魯以正助口人的土地，而聞名。秘魯之行在很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間里是我的愿望

之一。我終于可以游覽這個(gè)國(guó)家了?！币约昂笪膶?duì)秘魯之行的介紹可知，本