重難點02閱讀理解詞義猜測題

詞義猜測題是高考閱讀理解試題中的必考題型，可以是對一個單詞意義的推斷，也可以是對一個短語或

句子的推斷，既可以考查生詞的意義，也可以考查熟詞的新意，可以考查替代詞的內(nèi)容。在閱讀理解題中，

所考查的詞或短語大多超出考綱的范圍，需要根據(jù)語境進行推測其含義。

平時的訓(xùn)練中應(yīng)當(dāng)注意生詞和短語的積累，還要掌握構(gòu)詞法，和一定的解題技巧。

預(yù)計2024年高考詞義猜測題仍舊占比0-1題。

近3年新高考詞義猜測題數(shù)據(jù)分析

重難詮釋

＞考點一：單詞或短語意義猜測

上下文猜詞義。猜測任何詞義都離不開上下文，所以要借助上下文對需要猜測的詞或短語進行合乎邏輯的

推測。可利用下列方法：

(1)根據(jù)定義或上下文解釋進行猜測。有時短文中出現(xiàn)一個需要猜測其意義的詞或短語，下面接著出現(xiàn)

其定義或解釋，這就是判斷該詞或短語意義的主要依據(jù)。

(2)根據(jù)同位關(guān)系進行猜測。閱讀中出現(xiàn)的難詞有時下文緊跟一個同位語，對上文的詞進行解釋，這時

可利用同位關(guān)系對上文或下文的詞義或短語意義進行猜測。

(3)根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法進行猜測。在英語中，有很多詞可以加前綴或后綴構(gòu)成一個新詞，如果掌握了一定的構(gòu)

詞知識，就不難猜出它的詞義。

(4)根據(jù)因果關(guān)系進行猜測。在一篇閱讀文章中，根據(jù)原因可以預(yù)測結(jié)果，根據(jù)結(jié)果也可以找出原因。

(5)根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)折或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系進行猜測。根據(jù)上下句的連接詞，如but,however,otherwise等可知上下句存

在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，從而依據(jù)某一句的含義，來確定另一句的含義。

(6)根據(jù)舉例推測詞義。有時，劃線部分后會根由一些具體的例子，這些例子可以幫助考試?yán)斫庠撛~

的詞義。線索詞suchas,such...as,forexample,forinstance,like,including,especially等。

＞考點二：猜測代替詞所替代的內(nèi)容

就近原則找指代。猜測代替詞的指代內(nèi)容，要求判斷代詞(it,one,they,this,that,these,those,which等)或助動

詞(do,does,did等)具體替代什么?？砂匆韵氯竭M行：返回原文，找到指代詞一向上(有時向下)搜索，找

最近的名詞、代詞，短語或句子一將找到的詞、詞組或句子代入替代該指代詞，看意思和邏輯關(guān)系是否通

順，從而確定最佳選項。

＞考點三：句意猜測題

意義吻合推句意。句意猜測要求通過閱讀文章，用合適的語句對其進行解釋性的描述。具體技巧如下：

(1)返回原文，找到該句，對原句進行語法和邏輯關(guān)系分析。對于需要猜測句意的情形，首先要理解句子的

前后特定語境，然后根據(jù)語境對此句在文中的意思進行有依據(jù)的推理，最后再進行歸納總結(jié)，得出答案。

(2)一般來說，正確選項的意思和原句的意思完全相同，只不過是用其他的詞匯或句式來轉(zhuǎn)換表達而已。

典例一

（2023年新高考I卷C篇）

Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldecluttar.

Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,

youwillthenaddbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassive

benefitstothethingsyouvalue.

Whatdoestheunderlinedword"declutter“inparagraph3mean?

A.Clear-up.B.Add-on.C.Check-in.D.Take-over.

典例二

（2023?年新高考II卷C篇）ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneverydayobject一the

book,representedhereinalmostthreehundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageofthereader

appearsthroughouthistory,inartmadelongbeforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists9

representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsofsharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.

Inthis“bookofbooks,“artworksareselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnections

betweendifferenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,withthebook

asafocusforrelationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed（描繪）aloneinmanysettingsandposes

一absorbedinavolume,deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebeenpainted

hundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecordmomentswecanallrelateto.

3.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"relateto“inparagraph2mean?

A.Understand.B.Paint.

C.Seize.D.Transform.

.限時檢測

（建議用時：8分鐘/篇）

1.（2023?山東?德州市第一中學(xué)校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測）Whilemanyanimalpopulationsseemtodwindle,one

speciesthatismovingintheoppositedirectionofsuchlossisAmerica'snativewildlife-woodstork.

ThewoodstorkistheonlystorkthatbreedsinNorthAmerica.In1984,itwasdeclaredanendangeredspecies

afteritspopulationdecreasedsharplytojust5,000matingpairs.Atthetime,scientistspredictedthatthebirdwould

becomecompletelyextinctby2000.Today,itnumbers10,000matingpairs,andtheFishandWildlifeServiceis

proposingadelistingofthewoodstorkasanendangeredspecies.Sohowdidthepopulationbounceback?

Thesuccessisinpartdowntotheresourcefulnessofthewoodstork.Thewoodstork'snativehomewasinthe

EvergladesinFlorida,butitmigratednorthastheEvergladeswerebeingdestroyedbydevelopmentofmankind.

Wetlandpreservationandrestoration,protectionofnestingareas,andmanagementofwaterflowsbeganwiththe

approvalofthewoodstork5sfirstrecoveryplanin1986.Inthefollowingyear,formerSavannahCoastalRefuges

biologistJohnRobinettenoticedstorknestsinGeorgiaasstorkpopulationsmovedtosaferwetlands.

AccordingtoStephanieKurose,aseniorpolicyspecialistattheCentreforBiologicalDiversity,the

EndangeredSpeciesActisalsotothankforthisrecovery.Shesaid,“Theactsavedthewoodstorkandithelped

preserveandrebuildvitalhabitatsthroughoutthesoutheast,whichhasimprovedwaterqualityandbenefited

countlessotherspecieswhocalltheareahome.^^“TheEndangeredSpeciesActhassaved99percentofthespecies

thatwereonthelistsince1973.Ahundredtypesofplantsandanimalshavebeendelistedastheirpopulations

becomestableagain.

Ifthewoodstorkisdelisted,itwillremainprotectedbyotherlawsandamonitoringplanwillbeputinplace

toensurethepopulationremainsstable.

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedworddwindleprobablymean?

A.Boost.B.Change.C.Decline.D.Explode.

2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthewoodstorkinparagraphtwo?

A.Itspopulationshowsarisingtrend.B.Ithasbecomecompletelyextinct.

C.Itiswidelydistributedworldwide.D.Itisthemostendangeredspecies.

3.Whatthreatenedthepopulationofthewoodstock?

A.ClimatechangeofEarth.B.Popularityofwatersports.

C.Impactofhumanactivities.D.Arrivalofotherwildanimals.

4.WhatisadirectresultoftheEndangeredSpeciesAct?

A.Peoplehavesaferwatertodrink.B.Alistofspecieshavebeensaved.

C.Thelocaleconomyhasboomed.D.Thewoodstockhasflownaway.

2.(2023?廣東東莞?東莞實驗中學(xué)?？家荒?ChatGenerativePre-trainedTransformer(ChatGPT),createdby

openAI,anAIandresearchcompany,isanaturallanguageprocessingtooldrivenbyAItechnologythatallowsyou

tohavehuman-likeconversationsandmuchmorewithachatbot.Thelanguagemodelcananswerquestions,and

assistyouwithtaskssuchascomposingemails,essaysandcode.

ChatGPTispoweredbyalargelanguagemodel,orLLM,meaningit'sprogrammedtounderstandhuman

languageandgenerateresponsesbasedonalargeamountofdata.WhatmakesChatGPTsoimpressiveisitsability

tologcontextfromuser'searliermessagesinathreadanduseittoformresponseslaterintheconversation.

AccordingtoanalysisbySwissbankUBS,ChatGPTisthefastestgrowingupappofalltime.InJanuary,only

twomonthsafteritslaunch,UBSanalysisestimatesthatChatGPThad100millionactiveusers.Forcomparison,it

tookninemonthsforTikToktoreach100million.

Despitelookingveryimpressive,ChatGPTstillhaslimitations.Insteadofaskingforclarificationon

ambiguousquestions,themodeljusttakesaguessatwhatyourquestionmeans.ctTheprimaryproblemisthatthe

answersthatChatGPTproduceshaveahighrateofbeingincorrect,saysStackOverflowmoderatorsinapost.

Criticsarguethatthesetoolsarejustverygoodatputtingwordsintoanorderthatmakessensefromastatistical

pintofview,buttheycannotunderstandthemeaningorknowwhetherthestatementsitmakesarecorrect.Another

majorlimitationisthatChatGPT?sdataislimitedto2021.

ChatGPTisanadvancedchatbotthathasthepotentialtomakepeople'sliveseasierandtoassistwith

everydaytiringtasks,suchaswritinganemailorhavingtonavigatethewebforanswers.However,thereare

certaintechnicaldetailsthathavetobefiguredoutbeforeifswidelyused,topreventnegativeoutcomessuchas

thespreadofmisinformation.Ingeneral,thisAImodelreliesonlotsoftrainingandfine-tuningtoreachalevelof

idealperformance.

5.WhatcanwelearnaboutChatGPTfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Whatitspotentialmarketis.B.Itisdevelopedjointlybytwocompanies.

C.Whyitenjoysgreatpopularity.D.ItisaconversationalAItool.

6.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordreferto?

A.Context.B.ChatGPT5sability.C.Athread.D.LLM.

7.WhatisalimitationofChatGPT?

A.Lowefficiency.B.Disorderedwords.

C.Pooraccuracy.D.Frequentcrashes.

8.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetoChatGPT?

A.Unclear.B.Objective.C.Doubtful.D.Satisfied.

3.（2023?廣東廣州?統(tǒng)考二模）Thebestideasareoftensosmart,sosimpleandsoclearlyneeded;ifsstrange

todiscovertheydon'talreadyexist.SoitiswithFarmMySchool,aprogramthafsturningunderusedlandat

secondaryschoolsintocommerciallyachievable,regenerativemarketgardensfarmedbyandforlocal

communities.

Co-foundedbypermaculturistBenShawandregenerativeeducatorJamesMcLennan,FarmMySchool

connectslocalpeopleandorganizationsthroughvolunteeringthathelpsestablishaschooFsmarketgarden.

Studentslearnaboutcommunitynetworks,healthyeating,ecologicalresponsibility,wastereductionandclimate

reliefwhilehelpingwithfoodproduction.Schoolsintegratealltheseintotheircourseswhileproducingvegetable

boxeseveryweekthatfeedlocalfamilies,supplytheschooFsfoodneedsandultimatelypaythefarmer^salary.

FarmMySchoolhasgainedtheextraordinaryenthusiasmofthelocals,whoansweredanonlineshout-outto

buyticketstotheprogram'slauncheventatBellSecondarySchoollastOctober.CalledBuildAFarminaDay

Festival,theeventfeaturedworkshopsbyBenandJamestosharetheskillsrequiredtobuildwhattheysayisthe

world'slargestno-diggarden.4<Itwassuchapowerfulevent,andIthinkthatcomesdowntopeoplewantingtoact

now,“saysJames."Wechargedfortheexperienceand600guysturnedup!Theydidn'tevenneedfreedrinkstoget

excited.Weweregardeningtillmidnight.Itwasamazing.We'vegottruecommunitybuy-in.”

Volunteershavesincebegunbeneficialplantingthroughouttheschool.Nextstepsincludefurtherdiscussions

withlocalcommunities,employingafarmer,andbringinginateachertodevelopcourses."We'veseenthishuge

pushtowardsseeingschoolsasregenerativespaces,notjustforplantingbutforkidstobemoreconnectedtothe

outsideworld,andreallyseeingtheschoolinawholenewlight,“Jamessays."Forus,thebigexcitementisthatby

allowingaprofessionalfarmertotaketheresponsibilityofgrowingfood,it'snotonlyontheschooltolookafter

thatfarmanymore,whicheventuallymakesitmuchmoresustainable,,,addsBen.

9.WhywasFarmMySchoolfounded?

A.Toraisetheincomeofthelocalpeople.

B.Toadvocateacommercialfarmingplan.

C.Toprovidefreefoodforlocalcommunities.

D.Toturnunderusedcampuslandintomarketgardens.

10.Howdoschoolsinvolvestudentsintotheprogram?

A.Bydevelopingprogram-basedcourses.

B.Byorganizingvoluntaryworkincommunities.

C.Byofferingthempart-timejobsinthemarketgardens.

D.Byencouragingthemtoproducedailyvegetableboxes.

11.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"buy-in"meaninparagraph3?

A.Competition.

B.Investment.

C.Support.

D.Protection.

12.WhatisthehighlightoftheprogramaccordingtoBen?

A.Itbringsinmoneytosupporttheschool.

B.Theschoolfarmwillbeabletolastlong.

C.Thelocalpeoplewilltakecareofthefarm.

D.Studentsconnectmorewiththeoutsideworld.

4.（2023?湖南郴州?校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測）WhentheGreatBackyardBirdCount（GBBC）beganlastFriday,Steve

andJanetKistlerofHartCounty,Kentucky,joinedin.They'vedonesoeveryyearsincethenow-globaltradition

began25yearsago.

ForMoiraDalibor,whoteachesmathataschool,thiswasthefirstcount.Sheledagroupofstudentsand

parentstoanarboretum（植物園）foranexerciseindata-gathering.Theywereamonghundredsofthousandsof

peoplearoundtheworldcountingandrecordingoverfourdays.Lastyear,about385,000peoplefrom192

countriestookpartintheGBBC.

ThisglobaldatagoesintotheeBirddatabaseusedbyscientistsforresearchonbirdpopulations,whichhave

declinedsharplyoverallinpastdecades.It'spartofarisein“citizenscience^^projectsinwhichvolunteerscollect

dataaboutthenaturalworldforusebyresearchers.

Manybird-watchersuseeBirdyear-round,andithascollectedhugeamountsofdata-oftenbetween1

millionand2millionbirdchecklistsamonthfromaroundtheworldinthepastcoupleofyears,saysBecca

Rodomsky-Bish,theproject9sleaderattheCornellLabofOrnithology,inIthaca,NewYork.'"Observingbirdsisa

goodwaytoconnectwiththenaturalworld.Birdsareeverywhere.Youdon'thavetoleaveyourhouse.Theywill

come.Andthey'recharismaticbecausethey'refunandinterestingtowatch.”

Thisishowitworks:Participantswatchbirds,whetherthatmeanslookingoutofthewindowfor15minutes

ortakingalongertriptoanaturearea.OrganizersrecommendtheMerlinbirdIDapptodistinguishbirdsbysize,

shape,songorothercharacteristics.Manyparticipantsalsocarryfieldguidesandbinoculars（雙筒望遠(yuǎn)鏡）along

withtheirphones.TheythenenterthefindingsintotheeBirdapp.Thosenumbershelpresearcherstracktheups

anddownsofvariousspecies,whichthenhelpdeterminethedirectionofconservationefforts.

DaliborpreparedherclasseswithinformationaboutlocalspeciesandpracticedwiththeMerlinapp.Thekids

recordedbirdsightingswithpencilsanddrawingboards,andparentvolunteersenteredthosenumbersonphones.

13.WhydidDaliborleadherstudentstoanarboretum?

A.Todoexerciseforhealth.B.Toobservedifferentplants.

C.Topracticetheirmathskills.D.Tocollectinformationaboutbirds.

14.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“charismatic“inparagraph4probablymean?

A.Attractive.B.Beautiful.C.Rare.D.Shy.

15.WhatcanpeopleusetheMerlinbirdIDapptodo?

A.Torecordtheirfindings.B.Toidentifydifferentbirds.

C.Tohelpdeterminethebirds'habitat.D.Totracktheupsanddownsofvariousspecies.

16.Whafsthebesttitleofthetext?

A.GreatBackyardBirdCount:astrangeactivity

B.Watchingbirdscontributestostudents5education

C.MoiraDalibor:apioneerandresponsibleteacher

D.GreatBackyardBirdCountshowspowerofcitizenscience

5.（2023?廣東江門?新會陳經(jīng)綸中學(xué)?？既＃㏒alvadorDali（1904-1989）wasoneofthemostpopularof

modernartists.ThePompidouCentreinParisisshowingitsrespectandadmirationfortheartistandhispowerful

personalitywithanexhibitionbringingtogetherover200paintings,sculptures,drawingsandmore.Amongthe

worksandmasterworks-onexhibitionthevisitorwillfindthebestpieces,mostimportantlyThePersistenceof

Memory.ThereisalsoUEnigmesansFinfrom1938,worksonpaper,objects,andprojectsforstageandscreen

andselectedpartsfromtelevisionprogrammesreflectingtheartisfsshowmanqualities.

ThevisitorwillentertheWorldofDalithroughaneggandismetwiththebeginning,theworldofbirth.The

exhibitionfollowsapathoftimeandsubjectwiththevisitorexitingthroughthebrain.

TheexhibitionshowshowDalidrawstheviewerbetweentwoinfinities（無P艮）.“Fromtheinfinitysmalltothe

infinitylarge,contractionandexpansioncominginandoutoffocus:amazingFlemishaccuracyandtheshowy

Baroqueofoldpaintingthatheusedinhismuseum-theatreinFigueras,"explainsthePompidouCentre.

ThefineselectionofthemajorworkswasdoneinclosecooperationwiththeMuseoNationalReinaSofiain

Madrid,Spain,andwithcontributionsfromotherinstitutionsliketheSalvadorDaliMuseuminSt.Petersburg.

17.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribeDaliaccordingtoParagraph1?

A.Optimistic.B.ProductiveC.Generous.D.Traditional.

18.WhatisDali'sThePersistenceofMemoryconsideredtobe?

A.Oneofhismasterworks.B.Asuccessful,screenadaptation.

C.Anartisticcreationforthestage.D.OneofthebestTVprogrammes.

19.HowaretheexhibitsarrangedattheWorldofDali?

A.Bypopularity.B.Byimportance.

C.Bysizeandshape.D.Bytimeandsubject.

20.Whatdoestheword“contributions“inthelastparagraphreferto?

A.Creations.B.Projects.C.Donations.D.Documents.

6.（2023?廣東廣州?廣州市協(xié)和中學(xué)校考——模）WhatmightbetheglobalimpactofextremelossesoftheAmazon

rainforest-theworld'slargestrainforest?AnewstudyhasfoundthatrapiddeforestationoftheAmazonrainforest

couldinfluencethetemperatureandrainfalloverasfarawayastheTibetanplateauandAntarctica.

SainiYangatBeijingNormalUniversityinChinaandhercolleaguesanalysedglobalclimatologicaldatafrom

1979to2019toidentifycorrelationsintemperatureandrainfallbetweentheAmazonrainforestandotherareas.

Suchlinksarecalled"teleconnections（遙相關(guān)）

TheyfocusedontheAmazonrainforestinparticularbecauseofitssignificanceasamajorcarbonsinkandasa

climatic“tippingpoint（臨界點）“thatcouldseeforeststurntotropicalgrasslandsbeyondacertainlimitofwarming

andhuman-drivendeforestation.

Theresearchersfoundthatsince1979,warmtemperaturesintheAmazonwasassociatedwithwarm

temperaturesovertheTibetanplateauandtheWestAntarcticicesheet;morerainfallintheAmazonwasrelevantto

lessrainfallinthoseregions.

ByanalysingchangingtemperaturesintheregionsbetweentheAmazonandthosedistantareas,theywere

alsoabletotracethepaththroughwhichenergyormaterialssuchasblackcarbonreleasedinforestfiremight

propagatethroughtheatmosphere.Theiranalysisshowedtherouteremainedconsistentunderdifferentfuture

warmingcircumstances.

ThecollapseoftheWestAntarcticicesheetisaknowntippingpoint.MeltingsnowontheTibetanplateauis

not,buttheregioniswarmingmorerapidlythanmuchoftherestoftheglobe,andchangestosnowandicethere

couldhaveconsequencesforecosystemsandthebillionsofpeoplethatrelyonitssnowmeltforwater.

“IftheAmazondoeshaveaninfluenceontheseregions,itcouldmeanthereisahigherrisktheAmazon

tippingpointmightsetothersoff',saysJothanatthePotsdamInstituteforClimateImpactResearchinGermany.

“Itaddsanadditionalpotentialdominothatcan

21.Howdidthestudyidentifyteleconnections?

A.Byrecordingtemperatureandrainfall.

B.Byfindingthesimilaritiesbetweenregions.

C.Byexaminingpreviousdataonglobalclimate.

D.ByanalysingclimatologicaldataoftheAmazon.

22.Theunderlinedword"propagate“inparagraph5probablymeans"

A.spreadB.absorbC.launchD.switch

23.WhatJothansuggestsabouttheAmazon?

A.Itisnowatahigherriskofdisappearing.

B.Itindeedhasaneffectonthetworegions.

C.Deforestationiscausedbyhumanactivities.

D.Thetippingpointmightcauseachainreaction.

24.Whichcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

A.ChangeswithintheAmazon.

B.TheAmazonatatippingpoint.

C.TheTibetanplateauandAntarctica.

D.GlobalimpactsoftheAmazondeforestation.

7.（2023?江蘇?統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）OnanextremelycoldDecembernight,firetrucksarrivedinthesleepylittletownof

Manton,MichiganandshottoChittie'shome.Wasitbecauseofafireorachildclimbingtoohightoadangerous

place?Rather,itwasforhelpingmakeadreamcometrue.

Outdooractivitiesandaslowpaceoflifeareamainstayinthisruraltown.Whenpeoplewereunabletoleave

thecommunity,ScottChittiedecidedtheyneededasafeplacetocometogetherandsomethingjoyfulduringthe

wintermonths.Andwhatisabetteroutdooractivitytogetpeopleoutsidethaniceskating?

Tofulfilhisdream,Chittiedownloadedinstructionsonhowtobuildanicerinkandthenordereda3,000

squarefootwaterproofclothandsomewoodtocreatewallsonline.Ittook12firetruckstogetenoughwatertofill

theplot.

IttookalittletimeandsomeneighborlypersuasionasChittiewentdoortodoortoconvincepeopletocometo

seehiscreation,andsoonChittie9sbackyardicerinkbecameaMantonhotspot.Childrenwereskatingand

shooting,afirewasburning,andhotchocolatewassteaminginto-gocups."Whenthingsweretough,itwasa

place,“saysChittie9sneighborAudreyHooker.44Itwasfantasticbecausewejustcametogetherandbecamecalm

andhappyinsteadofconcemed.^^

Butthegoodwilldidn'tstopwithChittie.Whenthecommunityheardhowmuchmoneyheusedtomakethis

projecthappen,everyonesteppedforward.Afundraiserbroughtinabout$1,300,andlettersfloodedtoChittie's

homestuffedwithcash."'Almost30completestrangersknockedonmydoortojustshakemyhandandsaythank

you,mostofthemhandingmemoneyaswellandthreeaskingforahug,“saysChittie."Thishasbeena

communitything.It'smorethanme.Iwanttoshowtherestoftheworldwhatalittleeffortandthebestintentions

cando.”

25.WhydidfiretruckscometoManton?

A.Todealwithanemergency.B.Tosendwatertothecommunity.

C.Toensurepeople'ssafetyinthetown.D.TohelpwithChittiebuildingtheicerink.

26.WhatdidChittiedotocarryouthisproject?

A.Persuadehisneighborstomakedonations.B.Purchaseapieceoflandbehindhishouse.

C.TurntotheInternetfortipsandmaterials.D.ResearchthepopularlifestylesinManton.

27.Howdidtheicerinkaffectthecommunity?

A.ItmadethecommunitypopularinMantan.B.Itsloweddownthepaceoftheresidents5life.

C.Itofferedpeopletherecomfortandcompany.D.Itinspiredtheresidentstodooutdooractivities

28.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmean?

A.Everyonecouldmakeadifferencetosociety.B.Chittiereceivedactsofkindnessfromothers.

C.Thecommunitygotbetterduetotheicerink.D.Chittiehadgoodwilltothewholecommunity.

8.（2023?江蘇南通?統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）Otters（水獺）areknowntobeverysocialandintelligentcreatures,butanew

studybytheUniversityofExeterhasgivennewinsightintotheirintellect.

Researchersgaveotters"puzzleboxes（智力訓(xùn)練箱）“，someofwhichcontainedfamiliarfood,whileothers

heldunfamiliarnaturalprey（獵物）一shorecrabandbluemussels,whichareprotectedbyhardoutershells.For

thefamiliarfood-meatballs,afavoritewiththeAsianshort-clawedottersinthestudy-thescientistshadfive

differenttypesofboxes,andthemethodtoextract（提?。﹖hefoodchangedineachversion,forexamplepullinga

taboropeningacap.Theunfamiliarfoodpresentedadditionalproblemsbecausetheottersdidnotknowifthecrab

andmusselsweresafetoeatandhadnoexperienceofgettingthemoutoftheirshells.

Inordertodecidewhetherfoodwassafeanddesirabletoeat,theotters,whichliveatNewquayzooandthe

TamarOtterandWildlifeCentre,watchedintently（專注地）astheircompanionsinspectedwhatwasintheboxes

andmimickedtheirbehavioriftheotherotterssampledthetreats.

However,theypreferredtospendmoretimetryingtofigureouthowtoremovethemeatfromtheshellson

theirownandreliedlessontheactionsoftheircompanions.Ofthe20ottersinthestudy,11managedtoextractthe

meatfromallthreetypesofnaturalprey.

“Muchoftheresearchintotheextractiveforaging（覓食）andlearningcapabilitiesofottershascenteredon

artificialfoodpuzzles,"saidtheleadauthor,AlexSaliveros,oftheCentreforEcologyandConservationon

Exeter?sPenryncampusinCornwall."Here,wewereinterestedininvestigatingsuchskillsinthecontextof

unfamiliarnaturalfood,aswellasinrelationtoartificialfoodpuzzles.”

Otheranimalsemploysociallearningtodecidewhatissafetoeat;rats,forexample,prefernovelfoodtypes

thattheyhavesmelledonthebreathofotherrats.

Scientistshopethatunderstandinghowotterscopewithunfamiliarforagedfoodintheirnaturalenvironment

canhelpthemtraintheanimalstosurviveinthewild."Thecaptive（圈養(yǎng)的）ottersinthisstudyinitiallystruggled

withnaturalprey,buttheyshowedtheycanlearnhowtoextractthefood/saidSaliveros.ctOurfindingssuggest

thatifyougiveoneotterpre-releasetraining,itcanpasssomeofthatinformationontoothers.^^

29.WhatisParagraph2mainlyabout?

A.Thepurposeoftheresearch.B.Theprocessofextractingthefood.

C.Thediscoveryoftheintellect.D.Thewaysofpresentingthefood.

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"mimicked“probablymeaninparagraphs?

A.Copied.B.Influenced.C.Translated.D.Monitored.

31.Whatdoesthenewstudyfocuson?

A.Changesinotters9learningcapabilities.

B.Otters5newresponseinartificialfoodpuzzles.

C.Otters9learningskillsindifferentcircumstances.

D.Relationshipsbetweenotters5variouslearningskills.

32.Whafsthesignificanceofthefindings?

A.Theymayhelpextractthefood.B.Theyimproveotters9intelligence.

C.Theycanaidconservationefforts.D.Theyjustifytheearlyreleaseofotters.

9.（2023?江蘇鹽城?統(tǒng)考三模）Inthisageofscreens,smartphones,virtualassistantsandvoice-enabledspeakers,we

constantlyreceivevisualandauditory（聽覺的）suggestionsofthingstodo,productstobuy,andmediatoconsume.

Yetareallthesemessagescreatedequal?Accordingtoaresearch,theanswerisno.

Inthespringof2018,MariadassouandBechler,bothgraduatestudentsofBusiness,weresittinginaseminar

（研討會），inwhichtheywerestudyinghowdifferenttypesofmessagesaffectdecision-making.Theylearnedthat

peoplegenerallyperceivesomeoneasmoreintelligentwhentheyconveyspokeninformationratherthandelivering

thesamemessageinwriting.

Astheychattedafterclass,Mariadassourecalls,“Wewondered,4Whatwouldhappenifyouapplythisto

recommendations??Theybelievedthereis“ageneralperceptionthatpeopleactonauditoryandvisual

informationthesameway“andwantedtoexplorethisassumption.

Mariadassou,whoispursuingherPhDinmarketing,withBechler,nowaprofessorattheUniversityofNotre

Dame'sMendozaCollegeofBusiness,ranaseriesofstudieswherethesameinformationwaspresentedto

participantsindifferentforms,i