舟山中學(xué)高二第一學(xué)期第一次英語(yǔ)素養(yǎng)測(cè)評(píng)

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.本卷滿分150分，考試時(shí)間100分鐘；

2.答第I卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。

3.選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干

凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。不能答在本試卷上，否則無(wú)效。

第I卷

第一部分：聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到

答題紙上。

第一節(jié)：（共5小題;每小題L5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

聽完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。

1.WhatwilltheboydoonSaturday?

A.Takeanexam.B.Playoutside.C.Studyhard.

2.Whatdidthewomanleavebehind?

A.Herpurse.B.Herkeys.C.Herbag.

3.Wherewillthespeakersmeet?

A.Atabar.B.Onabridge.C.Inahouse.

4.Whenwillthespeakersarrive?

A.Atabout1:30.B.Atabout2:00.C.Atabout2:30.

5.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?

A.Afootballgame.B.Anewfilm.C.Aweekendplan.

第二節(jié)：（共15小題，每小題L5分，滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中

選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘：聽完后，各

小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽第6段材料，回答第6至7題。

6.Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthematch?

A.ExcitingB.Discouraging.C.Boring.

7.WhatdothespeakersplantodoonTuesdayafternoon?

A.Watchagame.B.Playtennis.C.Gotothecinema.

聽第7段材料，回答8至10題

8.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Classmates.B.Brotherandsister.C.Teacherandstudent.

9.Howdoesthemansound?

A.Uninterested.B.Delighted.C.Annoyed.

10.Whyisthemaninterestedinspacetravel?

A.Heenjoysstudyingphysics.B.Hewantstobeanastronaut.C.Helikessciencefictionmovies.

聽第8段材料，回答U至13題

11.WhatcolorarethejeansJenniferFoxordered?

A.Lightblue.B.Darkblue.C.Lightdark.

12.WhatdoesthemanaskJenniferFoxtodo?

A.Deliverthejeansback.B.Contactthesalesperson.C.Checktheordernumber.

13.Whatwillthemanconfirm?

A.Thedeliveryinformation,B.Theoriginalprice.C.Thediscount.

聽第9段材料，回答14至17題

14.Whycan'tthemanstayfocused?

A.Hehastoomanythingstodealwith.B.Hehasadifficultdecisiontomake.C.Hehasaquarrelwithhis

girlfriend.

15.Whenshouldthemanreplytothecompany?

A.Bytheendoftheweek.B.Bytheendofthemonth.C.Bythebeginningofnextmonth.

16.Whatispartoftheman'sproblem?

A.Hisgirlfrienddoesn'tsupporthisdecision.

B.Helacksthemoneyforhisdoctoralprogram.

C.Hisparentsandadviserhavedifferentopinions.

17.Whydoesn'ttheman'sgirlfriendagreetogetmarriednow?

A.Shehasn'tgraduatedyet.B.Theyhaven'tstartedtheircareersyet.C.Theyhaven51wontheirparents9

approval

聽第10段材料，回答18至20題

18.HowdidTedconnectwithhisstudents?

A.Byplayingchesswiththem.B.Bydealingwiththeirstruggles.C.Byhelpingwiththeirhomework.

19.Whataredozensofstudentsgoingtodothisweek?

A.Jointheschool?schessteam.B.VisitachessteaminNashville.C.Participateinanationalchess

competition.

2O.WhatlessonhavethestudentslearnedfromTed?

A.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.B.Thinktwicebeforetakingaction.C.Takeactionbeforeitgetstoolate.

第二部分：閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)：（共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

VisitIceland一ASpace-likeOdyssey（奇幻歷險(xiǎn)）

Withallofitsuniqueexperiences,atriptoIcelandwilltakeyourbreathaway.Icelandistrulyanoutdoor

enthusiast'sparadise.IfyouareplanningtovisitIceland,chooseonefromthehandpickedtouroperators.

ELDHESTAR-Volcanohorse-riding

AtEldhestarwedevelopactivitiestocombinepleasure,comfortandadventureinawayofrespectingnature.

Weoffervariousridingtoursallyearround.Forexperiencedriders,theadventureof6-7daysonhorsebackinthe

Icelandichighlandsishighlyrecommended.

CONTACT:480-4800;info@;www.eldhestar.is

ADVENTUREVIKINGS

Justjoinourgreatselectionofscheduleddaytoursavailableallyearround!Weprovidediverseadventuresfrom

easyhikingtoextremesportsandwecanevenplanacustomizedadventureforyou.Wearealsothefirsttooffer

surfingschoolforbeginnersinIceland.

CONTACT:571-2900;info@;www.adventurevikings.is

EXTREMEICELANDICADVENTURES

Weareatouroperator,withafocusontoursandadventuresinthenorthofIceland.Ifyouwanttoexplore

Icelandbyhiking,snowmobiling,drivingsuperjeepsorparachuting（跳傘），sendusanemailandwefixwhatyou

need.

INTOTHEGLACIER

JoinIntotheGlacierforanadventurethatwillleadyoutotheuntouchedbeautyandrawnatureofLangjokull,

Iceland'ssecondlargestglacierIfsanopportunityofalifetimeaswejourneyupthewhiteslopesandgodeepinside

theman-madeicetunnels.

CONTACT:578-2550;info@;otheglacier.is

ThereisalwaysanadventurewaitingtohappeninIceland.ClickhereandlookformorethingstodoinIceland!

1.WhichnumberwouldyoudialifyouwanttotrywatersportsinIceland?

A.862-7988.B.578-2550.C.571-2900.D.480-4800.

2.Whatdothetraveloperatorshaveincommon?

A.Theybestsuitoutdoorlovers.B.TheyarelocatedinnorthernIceland.

C.Theyprovideservicesallyearround.D.Theyofferextremesportsexperiences.

3.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?

A.Atraveljournal.B.Anacademicarticle.

C.Atravelwebsite.D.Ageographymagazine.

【答案】l.C2.A3.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹的是為計(jì)劃去冰島旅游的戶外愛好者精心挑選的幾家旅行社。

【1題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ADVENTUREVIKINGS部分中的"Wearealsothefirsttooffersurfingschoolforbeginners

inIceland.（我們也是冰島第一家為初學(xué)者提供沖浪學(xué)校的公司。）”和“CONTACT:571-2900（聯(lián)系電話：571-

2900）”可知，ADVENTUREVIKINGS是一家提供沖浪運(yùn)動(dòng)的公司，所以，如果想?yún)⒓铀线\(yùn)動(dòng)，應(yīng)撥打的

電話是571-2900。故選C項(xiàng)。

【2題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題o根據(jù)首段中的"Withallofitsuniqueexperiences,atriptoIcelandwilltakeyourbreathaway.Iceland

istrulyanoutdoorenthusiast'sparadise.IfyouareplanningtovisitIceland,chooseonefi-omthehandpickedtour

operators4冰島的獨(dú)特經(jīng)歷會(huì)讓你大吃一驚。冰島確實(shí)是戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)愛好者的天堂。如果你計(jì)劃去冰島旅游，

可以從精心挑選的旅行社中選擇一家。）”可知，冰島是戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)愛好者的天堂，本文主要介紹的是為計(jì)劃

去冰島旅游的人們挑選的幾家旅行社，所以這幾家旅行社的共同點(diǎn)為：最適合戶外運(yùn)動(dòng)的愛好者。故選A

【3題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段中的"ThereisalwaysanadventurewaitingtohappeninIceland.Clickhereandlookfor

morethingstodoinIceland!（冰島總有一場(chǎng)冒險(xiǎn)在等著你。點(diǎn)擊這里尋找更多在冰島可以做的事情!）"可知，

點(diǎn)擊此處可以找到更多在冰島可做的事情，由此可知，本文應(yīng)該是取自于旅游網(wǎng)站。故選C項(xiàng)。

Familyvlogging-thefrequentrecordinganduploadingofpersonalvideosofthefamily,usuallyonvideo

sharingwebsite-hasbecomebigbusinessnowadays,especiallyamongparentsofyoungchildren.Themore

viewerssuchvideoscanget,themoremoneythefamilycanmake.Atfirstthought,itdoesseemlikeaneasywayto

makemoney.However,arewedoingrightbyputtingtheirlivesupforpublicattention?

Foronething,asthechildrengrowup,theyincreasinglybecomeawarethatwhattheydoneedstobeadmirable

enoughforthepublictoenjoy-Beingyoungchildren,theyalsowouldwanttodowhateverittakestopleaseothers.

Theythenfeelthepressuretobeperfect,andasthatissomethingnotalwayspossible,theybecomeanxiousand

stressed.Commentsfromviewersandtheexpectationsofsponsors（贊助者）canalsoaffecttheparents9reactions

towardstheirchildren.

Anotherproblemisthelackofprivacyinthechildren'slives.Asthechildrenreachadolescence,thereisa

greaserneedforpersonalspace.At12or13,veryfewchildrenwouldappreciatebeingfilmedwhileeatingorhaving

aconversationwiththeirfriends.Teenhoodisatimeofsignificantchangeinanindividual,bothphysicallyand

emotionally,andisatimewhenparentsneedtoprotecttheirchildrenandguidethem,insteadofexposingthemto

theeyesofthepublic.

Familyvloggingcanbeirresistible,givenhowitallowsparentstobringgreaterfuntotheirfamilylives.There

isalsotheeasymoneyandthefametolookforwardto.Indeed,allwouldprobablygowell,butonlyaslongas

parentskeepinmindthat,ifnotmanagedwell,makingtheirchildrenlivetheirlivesintheunforgivingeyesofthe

publiccouldprovetobeabigmistake.

4.Howdoesvloggingaboutchildren'slivesinfluencethefamily?

A.Childrenwillgetusedtopublicattention.

B.Childrenmaysufferfromtoomuchpressure.

C.Parentsmayshownoconcernfortheirchildren.

D.Parentsbecomeaddictedtoexposingtheirchildrentothepublic.

5.Howdoesthewritermainlydevelophisargument?

A.ByprovidingexamplesB.Bylistingnumbers

C.BymakingcomparisonsD.Byanalyzingcauses

6.Whafsthewriter'spurposeofwritingthetext?

A.Tointroduceanewbigbusiness

B.Toshowhowvlogginginfluencepeople'slives.

C.Topersuadeparentstowatchoutforcommentsfromviewers.

D.Toconvinceparentsofthedangerofvloggingaboutchildren'slives.

7.Whafsthewriter'sattitudetovloggingaboutchildren'slives?

A.negativeB.positiveC.neutralD.uninterested

【答案】4.B5.D6.D7.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。主要分析了家庭視頻微博中把孩子的生活公之于眾對(duì)孩子的影響，以此讓家長(zhǎng)

相信關(guān)于孩子生活的視頻微博存在的危險(xiǎn)。

【4題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Foronething,asthechildrengrowup,theyincreasinglybecomeawarethat

whattheydoneedstobeadmirableenoughforthepublictoenjoy—Beingyoungchildren,theyalsowouldwant

todowhateverittakestopleaseothers.Theythenfeelthepressuretobeperfect,andasthatissomethingnot

alwayspossible,theybecomeanxiousandstressed.（一方面，隨著孩子們的成長(zhǎng)，他們?cè)絹?lái)越意識(shí)到他們所做

的事情需要足夠令人欽佩，以供公眾欣賞一一作為孩子，他們也會(huì)想盡一切辦法取悅別人。然后，他們會(huì)

感到要完美的壓力，因?yàn)檫@并不總是可能的，他們變得焦慮和壓力。）”可知，孩子們?yōu)榱巳傆诠?，?/p>

們會(huì)感到要完美的壓力，從而變得焦慮和壓力，所以關(guān)于孩子的視頻博客會(huì)讓孩子感到很大的壓力。故選

B項(xiàng)。

【5題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Foronething,asthechildrengrowup,theyincreasinglybecomeawarethat

whattheydoneedstobeadmirableenoughforthepublictoenjoy-Beingyoungchildren,theyalsowouldwant

todowhateverittakestopleaseothers.（一方面，隨著孩子們的成長(zhǎng)，他們?cè)絹?lái)越意識(shí)到他們所做的事情需要

足夠令人欽佩，以供公眾欣賞一一作為孩子，他們也會(huì)想盡一切辦法取悅別人。）”以及第三段中的

“Anotherproblemisthelackofprivacyinthechildren'slives.Asthechildrenreachadolescence,thereisa

greaserneedforpersonalspace.（另一個(gè)問題是孩子們生活中缺乏隱私。隨著孩子們進(jìn)入青春期，他們對(duì)個(gè)人

空間的需求越來(lái)越大。）”可知，作者在首段陳述觀點(diǎn)后，在下文中從兩個(gè)方面分析了家庭視頻博客將關(guān)于

孩子生活的視頻公布于眾產(chǎn)生的一些問題，所以，作者是通過分析原因的方式來(lái)展開他的論點(diǎn)的。故選D

項(xiàng)。

【6題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)首段中的However,arewedoingrightbyputtingtheirlivesupforpublicattention?（然而,

我們把他們的生活公之于眾是對(duì)的嗎?）"可知，作者在首段用提問的方式引出本文的主題一一把孩子的生

活公之于眾，對(duì)嗎？接下來(lái)從兩個(gè)方面分析了家庭視頻博客將孩子的生活公之于眾存在的問題，結(jié)合尾段

中的Indeed,allwouldprobablygowell,butonlyaslongasparentskeepinmindthat,ifnotmanagedwell,

makingtheirchildrenlivetheirlivesintheunforgivingeyesofthepubliccouldprovetobeabigmistake.（事實(shí)

上，一切都可能順利進(jìn)行，但前提是父母要記住，如果管理不善，讓孩子在公眾無(wú)情的目光下生活可能會(huì)

是一個(gè)巨大的錯(cuò)誤。）”可知，作者提醒家長(zhǎng)，如果管理不善，把孩子公之于眾可能是一個(gè)巨大的錯(cuò)誤，所

以本文的目的是讓家長(zhǎng)相信關(guān)于孩子生活的視頻微博是有危險(xiǎn)的。故選D項(xiàng)。

【7題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)首段中的“However,arewedoingrightbyputtingtheirlivesupforpublicattention?（然而,

我們把他們的生活公之于眾是對(duì)的嗎?）"可知，作者在首段用提問的方式引出本文的主題，說明作者對(duì)此

做法持懷疑態(tài)度，結(jié)合尾段中的“Indeed,allwouldprobablygowell,butonlyaslongasparentskeepinmind

that,ifnotmanagedwell,makingtheirchildrenlivetheirlivesintheunforgivingeyesofthepubliccouldproveto

beabigmistake.（事實(shí)上，一切都可能順利進(jìn)行，但前提是父母要記住，如果管理不善，讓孩子在公眾無(wú)情

的目光下生活可能會(huì)是一個(gè)巨大的錯(cuò)誤。）”可知，作者通過分析，向家長(zhǎng)闡明，如果管理不善，把孩子公

之于眾可能是一個(gè)巨大的錯(cuò)誤，由此可推斷，作者對(duì)關(guān)于孩子生活的家庭視頻微博持否定的態(tài)度。故選A

項(xiàng)。

C

You'veprobablyeatenahotdogandfeltliketheunderdog——buthaveyoueverspottedasundog?

Asundogisaweathereventthatcausestwobrightburstsofrainbowcoloredlighttoappearoneithersideof

thesun.Itislocatedapproximately22degreeseitherleft,right,orboth,fromthesun,dependingonwheretheice

crystals（冰晶體）are.Ifthesunwereaclock,youwouldseethemaround3o5clockand9o'clock.Sometimes

sundogsappearwithahalo（光環(huán)）aroundthesun.Theycanbeverybeautiful,withareddishglowclosesttothesun

andabluishwhitecenter.Sundogscanbeseenduringanyseasonbutaremostoftenseenduringthewintermonths

whenthesunislowerinthesky.Youarealsomorelikelytoseethemearlyorlateintheday,whenthesunisnear

thehorizon（地平線）.Themostbrilliantsundogshappenonsunnydays.

Conditionsneedtobejustrightforsundogstoappear.Sunlightpassesthroughhigh,coldcirrusclouds（卷云）.

Thesecloudscontainflat,6-sidedicecrystals.Iftheplate-likecrystalsgotowardthegroundhorizontallywiththe

largefacetowardstheearth,lightisreflectedthroughthesides.Thecrystalsactasprisms（棱鏡）,separatingthelight

andmakingthesundog.

Throughouthistory,sundogshavebeenusedtopredictweatherbecausetheyoftenindicatethatsnoworrainis

onitsway.Somepeoplebelievedthatsundogswereasignofgoodluckorencouragement,whileotherssawthemas

awarningfromGod.

FamousauthorssuchasWilliamShakespeareandJackLondonhavedescribedsundogsinstoriesandpoemsas

bothfrighteningandamazing.Artistshavebeeninspiredtocatchthebeautyofsundogsindrawingspaintings,and

photography,androckbandshaveevenwrittensongsaboutthem.

8.Whatcanwelearnaboutsundogsfromthesecondparagraph?

A.Sundogscanbeusedtotellthetime.B.Sundogsaremostcommoninwinter.

C.Sundogsalwayscomeafterarainbow.D.Sundogspredictthecomingofsunnydays.

9.Inwhichsituationwillsundogscomeintobeing?

A.Thecloudsseparatethesunlight.

B.Theplateturnsitsfacetowardstheearth.

C.Thecrystalsgotowardthegroundhorizontally.

D.Icecrystalsarepositionedwiththeirflatsideshorizontaltotheground.

10.Whydopeopleusesundogstopredictweather?

A.BecausepeoplethinktheystandforbadluckB.Becausesundogsarebeyondtheirrecognition.

C.Becausearainorsnowoftencomesafterthem.D.BecausepeopleconsideritasawarningfromGod.

11.WhydoestheauthormentionShakespeareandJackLondon?

A.Toprovesundogsaremagicalevents.

B.Toshowsundogshavelongattractedgreatattention.

C.Toencouragewriterstodescribesundogsintheirworks.

D.Toremindpeoplethattheyaregoodatwritingstoriesandpoems

【答案】8.B9.D10.C11.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是一種罕見的大氣光學(xué)現(xiàn)象一一幻日，介紹了它的形成原理和形成

條件等。

【8題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Sundogscanbeseenduringanyseasonbutaremostoftenseenduringthe

wintermonthswhenthesunislowerinthesky.（在任何季節(jié)都可以看到幻日，但最常見的是在太陽(yáng)較低的冬

季。）”可知，幻日在任何季節(jié)都會(huì)出現(xiàn)，但在冬季是最常見的。故選B項(xiàng)。

9題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Iftheplate-likecrystalsgotowardthegroundhorizontallywiththelargeface

towardstheearth,lightisreflectedthroughthesides.Thecrystalsactasprisms（棱鏡），separatingthelightand

makingthesundog.（如果片狀晶體水平朝向地面，大面朝向地球，光線會(huì)從側(cè)面反射。晶體充當(dāng)棱鏡，分離

光線并制造出幻日。）”可知，冰晶垂直向下，平坦的側(cè)面與地面平行，此時(shí)晶體充當(dāng)棱鏡，反射太陽(yáng)光

線，從而產(chǎn)生幻日現(xiàn)行，所以，冰晶的側(cè)面與地面平行是形成幻日的條件。故選D項(xiàng)。

【10題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的^Throughouthistory,sundogshavebeenusedtopredictweatherbecause

theyoftenindicatethatsnoworrainisonitsway.（縱觀歷史，幻日一直被用來(lái)預(yù)測(cè)天氣，因?yàn)樗鼈兘?jīng)常預(yù)示著

雪或雨即將來(lái)臨。）”可知，歷史上人們用幻日預(yù)測(cè)天氣，是因?yàn)樗鼈兊某霈F(xiàn)預(yù)示著要下雨或下雪，也就是

雨或雪就在幻日之后出現(xiàn)。故選C項(xiàng)。

【11題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)尾段中的uFamousauthorssuchasWilliamShakespeareandJackLondonhavedescribed

sundogsinstoriesandpoemsasbothfrighteningandamazing.（威廉?莎士比亞（WilliamShakespeare）和杰

克?倫敦（JackLondon）等著名作家在故事和詩(shī)歌中將幻日描述為既可怕又令人驚奇。）”可知，莎士比

亞與杰克?倫敦分別是十六世紀(jì)和十九世紀(jì)的作家，他們的作品中都有關(guān)于幻日的描述，由此可知，幻日

現(xiàn)象由來(lái)已久，所以，文章提到他們是為了說明幻日現(xiàn)象長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)被人們關(guān)注。故選B項(xiàng)。

D

Humanshavemanyuniquebehaviorsamonganimals.Forexample,wehaveaformallanguagethatpermits

communicationaboutthingsthatexistinthepast,present,andfuture.Yetweshareatleastoneemotionwithmany

otherspeciesfear.

Toreallyunderstandourfearswehavetogofurthertostudyhowanimalslongbeforehumanscameintobeing

assessed（評(píng)估）andmanagedpredation（捕食）riskinthewild.Allanimals,pastandpresent,mustassesslife-

threateningpredationrisks（風(fēng)險(xiǎn)）andmakedecisionstoavoidorotherwisemanagethoserisks.Itisaproper

balance:beingtoofearfuliscostlyiffearmeansthatyoumissoutongettingfood,mates,orotherimportant

resources.However,beingtoobrazencouldendverypoorlyindeed.Itisthecontextthatinfluencesalldecisions.

Ifthey'rehungry,ifswisetotakemorerisksortheywillgohungry.And,ifthey9repowerfulandcanstealfood

fromothersatwill,perhapsit'sOKtobeabitmorecareful.Successfulindividualsarethosethatmakeright

assessment,andbecauseofthis,leavemoredescendants.

Naturalexpressionsoffearinfluencethestructureofecologicalcommunities,andtheremovalofpredators

changesentireecosystems.Tomanagepredationrisks,animalsmodify（調(diào)整）theiractivitypatterns,habitatselection,

andtheirdiet.FearofpredatorscanalsoreduceanindividuaFsreproductive（繁殖）success.Allofthesefear-driven

modificationscanhaveagreatinfluenceonboththeenvironmentandthediversityofmanyspecies.Fear,asitturns

out,isanessentialpartofhealthyecosystemsandhelpskeepbiodiversity.

Fearisanaturalemotion,andthatifsimpossibletocompletelyavoidit.Itiscomfortingtoknowthatfearcomes

fromalonglineofancestors,bothhumanandnonhuman.Itisacompass（指南針）that,whenusedIproperly,guides

usawayfromdangerandtowardopportunity.

12.Whatdoweknowaboutanimals5riskassessmentandmanagementaccordingtoparagraph2?

A.Animalsaretoofearfultomakerightassessments.

B.Animalswillfailtogetfoodwhentheyarefearful.

C.Animalshavetomakeproperdecisionsbasedondifferentsituations.

D.Animalswhicharcmorefearfularemorelikelytomakerightassessment.

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"brazen"meaninparagraph2?

A.braveB.afraidC.hungryD.strong

14.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Thewaysanimalsmanagefear

B.Theinfluencefearhasonecosystem

C.Theapproachestokeepingahealthyecosystem

D.Theproblemsfearbringsabouttotheecosystem

15.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.FearfromOurDeepPastB.Survivalofthebravest

C.Emotionfromhumanandnonhuman.D.Pathtoriskmanagement

【答案】12.C13.A14.B15.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了人類和其他物種都有恐懼的情感，說明了恐懼是如何幫助動(dòng)物

在野外評(píng)估和管理捕食風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的以及恐懼對(duì)于人類社會(huì)的作用和影響。

【12題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Toreallyunderstandourfearswehavetogofurthertostudyhowanimalslongbefore

humanscameintobeingassessed（評(píng)估）andmanagedpredation（捕食）riskinthewild.Allanimals,pastand

present,mustassesslife-threateningpredationrisks（風(fēng)險(xiǎn)）andmakedecisionstoavoidorotherwisemanagethose

risks.Itisaproperbalance:beingtoofearfuliscostlyiffearmeansthatyoumissoutongettingfood,mates,or

otherimportantresources.However,beingtoobrazencouldendverypoorlyindeed.（為了真正理解我們的恐懼，

我們必須進(jìn)一步研究在人類出現(xiàn)之前，動(dòng)物是如何在野外評(píng)估和管理捕食風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的。所有的動(dòng)物，無(wú)論是過

去還是現(xiàn)在，都必須評(píng)估威脅生命的捕食風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，并做出避免或以其他方式管理這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的決定。這是一種

適當(dāng)?shù)钠胶猓喝绻謶忠馕吨沐e(cuò)過了獲得食物、伴侶或其他重要資源，那么過于恐懼是代價(jià)高昂的。然

而，太過勇敢可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致非常糟糕的結(jié)果）”可知，動(dòng)物必須根據(jù)不同的情況做出正確的決定。故選C。

【13題詳解】

詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“beingtoofearfuliscostlyiffearmeansthatyoumissoutongettingfood,mates,

orotherimportantresources（如果恐懼意味著你錯(cuò)過了獲得食物、伴侶或其他重要資源，那么過于恐懼是代

價(jià)高昂的）”以及后文"couldendverypoorlyindeedv結(jié)合however表示轉(zhuǎn)折，說明太膽小害怕會(huì)得不到重

要資源，付出高昂的代價(jià)，但太過勇敢，無(wú)所畏懼則會(huì)導(dǎo)致糟糕的結(jié)果。故劃線詞意思是“勇敢的”。故

選Ao

【14題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段uNaturalexpressionsoffearinfluencethestructureofecologicalcommunities,andthe

removalofpredatorschangesentireecosystems.Tomanagepredationrisks,animalsmodify（調(diào)整）theiractivity

patterns,habitatselection,andtheirdiet.Fearofpredatorscanalsoreduceanindividual'sreproductive（繁

殖）success.Allofthesefear-drivenmodificationscanhaveagreatinfluenceonboththeenvironmentandthe

diversityofmanyspecies.Fear,asitturnsout,isanessentialpartofhealthyecosystemsandhelpskeep

biodiversity^恐懼的自然表達(dá)會(huì)影響生態(tài)群落的結(jié)構(gòu)，而捕食者的消失會(huì)改變整個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。為了控制被捕

食的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，動(dòng)物會(huì)改變它們的活動(dòng)模式、棲息地選擇和飲食。對(duì)捕食者的恐懼也會(huì)降低個(gè)體的繁殖成功

率。所有這些恐懼驅(qū)動(dòng)的改變對(duì)環(huán)境和許多物種的多樣性都有很大的影響。事實(shí)證明，恐懼是健康生態(tài)系

統(tǒng)的重要組成部分，有助于保持生物多樣性）”可知，第三段的主要內(nèi)容是恐懼對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響。故選

Bo

【15題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Fearisanaturalemotion,andthatifsimpossibletocompletelyavoidit.Itis

comfortingtoknowthatfearcomesfromalonglineofancestors,bothhumanandnonhuman.Itisacompass（指南

針）that,whenusedIproperly,guidesusawayfromdangerandtowardopportunity.（恐，懼是——種自然的情緒，不

可能完全避免它。令人欣慰的是，恐懼來(lái)自人類和非人類的悠久祖先。它是一個(gè)指南針，如果使用得當(dāng)，

可以指引我們遠(yuǎn)離危險(xiǎn)，走向機(jī)遇）”結(jié)合文章主要說明了人類和其他物種都有恐懼的情感，說明了恐懼是

如何幫助動(dòng)物在野外評(píng)估和管理捕食風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的以及恐懼對(duì)于人類社會(huì)的作用和影響?？芍珹選項(xiàng)“來(lái)自我

們久遠(yuǎn)過去的恐懼”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選A。

第二節(jié)：（共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選

項(xiàng)。

Today,we'reconstantlyinterruptedbytools,emails,socialmedia-younameit.Inourdistractioneconomy,it's

nearlyimpossibletofocusonwhattrulymatters.Buttimemanagementcanbringmoremindfulnessintoyourdaily

routine.16

Timeboxing

Timeboxingisagoal-oriented（面向目標(biāo)的）timemanagementstrategy.17Andthencompletethose

piecesinareasonableamountoftime.Eachtaskshouldhaveitsownuniquetimeboxthatlastsnomorethanthree

hours.Bybreakingtheworkintosmallerpieces,youcanmakesteadyprogresstowardsyourgoaloverthecourseof

daysorweeks.

Pomodoromethod

ThePomodoromethodhelpsyoudealwithworkwithinshorttimeframesandthentakebreaks.Thisstrategyis

particularlyhelpfulbecauseitactivelyencouragesregularbreaks.18Startbysettingyourtimerfor25minutes,

andtrytospendthattimeworkingonatask-avoidcheckingyourtextmessagesorsocialmediaifpossible.Then,

oncetimeisup,takeafive-minutebreak.

EatingtheFrog

MarkTwainfamouslysaid"Ififsyourjobtoeatafrog,it'sbesttodoitfirstthinginthemoming.^^19

Itencouragesyoutotacklebigorcomplextasksfirstbeforeworkingonyourlessimportantorlessurgentwork.

WiththeEattheFrogmethod,youcanensureyou'regettingtoyourmostimportantworkeveryday.

GettingThingsDone

20Byfreeingupbrainpowerandinsteadrelyingontaskmanagementtools,youcanfocusontaking

actionandnotrememberingwhatyouneedtodo.TousetheGTDmethod,captureallofyourupcomingworkinone

place.Thenonceyou'vewrittendowneverythingyouneedtodo,sortandprioritize（優(yōu)先）yourwork.

A.Ithelpsyoubreakdownlargetasksintosmallerpieces.

B.Thefirststepistowritedowneverythingyouneedtodo.

C.Thismanagementstrategytakesinspirationfromthisquote.

D.Herearesometimemanagementtipstogetmorethingsdone.

E.Timemanagementisn'talwaysaboutgettingallofyourworkdone.

EThiscanincreasemotivationforyouknowexactlywhatyou'redoing.

G.Infact,researchsuggeststhattakingbreaksmakespeoplemorecreative.

【答案】16.D17.A18.G19.C20.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹的是一些時(shí)間管理的技巧，幫助完成更多的事情。

【16題詳解】

分析語(yǔ)篇可知，此處應(yīng)為承上啟下的句子，根據(jù)空前的^Buttimemanagementcanbringmoremindfulnessinto

yourdailyroutine.（但是時(shí)間管理可以給你的日常生活帶來(lái)更多的專注。）”可知，時(shí)間管理可以給日常生活

帶來(lái)更多的關(guān)注，結(jié)合下文中的"Timeboxing”以及"Pomodoromethod”可知，下文中講述的是一些與時(shí)

間關(guān)系相關(guān)的方法技巧，由此可推斷，此空應(yīng)為引出下文中的有關(guān)時(shí)間管理的方法的內(nèi)容，D選項(xiàng)"Hereare

sometimemanagementtipstogetmorethingsdone.（這里有一些時(shí)間管理技巧，可以讓你完成更多的事情。）”

講述的內(nèi)容承接了上文中的時(shí)間管理，且引出下文中的介紹技巧，起到承上啟下的作用，符合語(yǔ)境。故選D

項(xiàng)。

【17題詳解】

木艮據(jù)空后的“Andthencompletethosepiecesinareasonableamountoftime.Eachtaskshouldhaveitsownunique

timeboxthatlastsnomorethanthreehours.（然后在合理的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成這些小任務(wù)。每個(gè)任務(wù)都應(yīng)該有自己獨(dú)

特的時(shí)間限制，時(shí)間不超過三個(gè)小時(shí)。）”可知，此處講述的是把一個(gè)大的任務(wù)分解成多個(gè)小任務(wù)去完成的

管理時(shí)間的方法，A選項(xiàng)“Ithelpsyoubreakdownlargetasksintosmallerpieces.（它可以幫助你把大任務(wù)分解

成小任務(wù)。）”講述的內(nèi)容與空后的pieces內(nèi)容一致，對(duì)空前的“Timeboxingisagoal-oriented（面向目標(biāo)的）

timemanagementstrategy.（限制時(shí)間是一種目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向的時(shí)間管理策略。）”作進(jìn)一步的解釋，其中的it指代的

內(nèi)容與空前的Timeboxing一致。故選A項(xiàng)。

【18題詳解】

根據(jù)空前的"Thisstrategyisparticularlyhelpfulbecauseitactivelyencouragesregularbreaks.（這個(gè)策略特別有

用，因?yàn)樗e極鼓勵(lì)定期休息。）”可知，番茄鐘策略積極鼓勵(lì)定期休息，G選項(xiàng)“Infact,researchsuggests

thattakingbreaksmakespeoplemorecreative.（事實(shí)上，研究表明休息能讓人更有創(chuàng)造力）”與本段講述的時(shí)間

管理技巧內(nèi)容一致，其中的takingbreaks為解題關(guān)鍵信息。故選G項(xiàng)。

【19題詳解】

根據(jù)空前的“MarkTwainfamouslysaid,"Ifit'syourjobtoeatafrog,ifsbesttodoitfirstthinginthemorning.”（馬

克?吐溫曾說過一句名言：“如果你的工作是吃掉一只青蛙，那你最好在早上第一件事就去做?？芍?，

此處提到了馬克?吐溫的名言，結(jié)合空后的“Itencouragesyoutotacklebigorcomplextasksfirstbeforeworking

onyourlessimportantorlessurgentwork.（它鼓勵(lì)你先處理大的或復(fù)雜的任務(wù)，然后再處理不那么重要或不那

么緊急的工作。）”可知，這種策略是需要先處理大而復(fù)雜的任務(wù)，由此可推斷，此空應(yīng)涉及到這句名言與

時(shí)間管理策略之間的關(guān)系，C選項(xiàng)“Thismanagementstrategytakesinspirationfromthisquote.（這個(gè)管理策略

的靈感來(lái)自這句話。）”中的thisquote指的是空前馬克?吐溫的名言，且與下文中的內(nèi)容銜接。故選C項(xiàng)。

[20題詳解】

根據(jù)空后的“Byfreeingupbrainpowerandinsteadrelyingontaskmanagementtools,youcanfocusontaking

actionandnotrememberingwhatyouneedtodo.