類型4|人物傳記考查要點(diǎn)方法技巧1.人物最顯著的性格、品德特征。2．人物重大的、有影響的經(jīng)歷。3．人物最注目的功績(jī)、貢獻(xiàn)、成就。4．人物成長(zhǎng)的時(shí)代背景。1.把握事件發(fā)生的時(shí)間、空間及順序。2．理清事情發(fā)生的背景、起因、過程及結(jié)果。3．感悟人物的情感和心理活動(dòng)。[經(jīng)典案例分析](2017·浙江高考·A)BenjaminWestage.Butone.Inhair.Therepainting，showedhistalentforartwhenhewasonlysixyearsofage.Buthedidnotknowaboutbrushesbeforeavisitortoldhimheneededone.Inthosedays，abrushwasmadefromcamel'shair.Therewerenocnearby.Benjaminnearby.Benjamindecidedthatcathairwouldworkinstead.Hecutsomefurfromthefamilycattomakeabrush.Thebrushdidnotlastlong.SoonBenjaminneededmorefur.Beforelong，thecatbegantolookragged(蓬亂)．Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehadbeendoing.Thecat'slotwasabouttoimprove.Thatyear，oneofBenjamin'scousins，Mr.Pennington，cametovisit.HewasimpressedwithBenjamin'sdrawings.Whenhewenthome，hesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.Healsosentsixengravings(版畫)byanartist.ThesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen.In1747，whenBenjaminwasnineyearsold，Mr.Penningtonreturnedforanothervisit.HewasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.HeaskedBenjamin'sparentsifhemighttaketheboybacktoPhiladelphiaforavisit.Inthecity，Mr.PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.Theboybeganalandscape(風(fēng)景)painting.WilliamWilliams，awell-knownpainter，cametoseehimwork.WilliamswasimpressedwithBenjaminandgavehimtwoclassicbooksonpaintingtotakehome.Thebookswerelonganddull.Benjamincouldreadonlyalittle，havingbeenapoorstudent.Buthelatersaid，“Thosetwobooksweremypanionsbyday，andundermypillowatnight.”Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks，theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.Thenine-year-oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了美國(guó)繪畫之父本杰明·韋斯特是如何開始他的藝術(shù)生涯的。【長(zhǎng)難句解讀】Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks,theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.[分析]這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。主句是theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings，Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks是讓步狀語從句；thatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks是主語從句。[譯文]雖然很有可能他(本杰明)對(duì)這些書理解甚少，但它們卻是他了解古典繪畫的入門指導(dǎo)。1．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Benjamin'svisittoPhiladelphia.B．Williams'influenceonBenjamin.C．ThebeginningofBenjamin'slifeasanartist.D．ThefriendshipbetweenBenjaminandPennington.[考查主旨大意，命題點(diǎn)為人物成長(zhǎng)的背景。文章從本杰明在六歲時(shí)自制畫筆作畫寫起，到后來利用專業(yè)工具作畫，再到知名畫家送給本杰明書籍，都是在講述本杰明是如何一步步走上藝術(shù)之路的，故選C項(xiàng)。]2．WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3suggest?A．Thecatwouldbecloselywatched.B．Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare.C．Benjaminwouldleavehishomeshortly.D．Benjaminwouldhaverealbrushessoon.[考查句意理解。由前文可知，本杰明在沒有專業(yè)畫筆之前是用貓的毛制作畫筆的。畫線句的字面意思是“貓的命運(yùn)將會(huì)得到改善”。由該段后文可知，本杰明的表兄送給了他專業(yè)的顏料和畫筆，故選D項(xiàng)。]3．WhatdidPenningtondotohelpBenjamindevelophistalent?A．Hetookhimtoseepaintingexhibitions.B．Heprovidedhimwithpaintingmaterials.C．HesenthimtoaschoolinPhiladelphia.D．Hetaughthimhowtomakeengravings.[考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。短文第四段提到“HewasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.”，接著下一段又談到“Inthecity,Mr.PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.”，由此可知，Mr.Pennington送給本杰明繪畫材料來幫助他發(fā)展藝術(shù)才能，故選B項(xiàng)。]4．Williams'twobookshelpedBenjaminto．A．mastertheuseofpaintsB．a(chǎn)ppreciatelandscapepaintingsC．gettoknowotherpaintersD．makeuphismindtobeapainter[考查細(xì)節(jié)理解，命題點(diǎn)為人物有影響的經(jīng)歷。由文章最后兩句“Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebooks,theywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.Thenine-year-oldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.”可知，這兩本書是他通往古典繪畫的指引，也幫助他下定決心成為一名畫家，故選D項(xiàng)。][題材對(duì)點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練](2017·合肥市第二次教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測(cè))SusanBrownellAnthonywasaladyaheadofhertime.Shefoughtforwomen'srightslongbeforetheybecameapopularissue.SusanwasbornonFebruary15，1820，inAdams,Massachusetts.Atthattime，womenhadfewrights.Theycouldnotownproperty.Moneyearnedbyamarriedwomanbelongedtoherhusband.Majordecisionsregardingchildrenweremadebythefathers.Womencouldnotvote.Attheageof15，Susanbecameaschoolteacher.Shetaughtfor15years.Thenshebeganorganizingwomen'sgroupstopromotecausesthatwereimportanttowomen.Shehelpedgainbettereducationalrightsforwomen.Shehelpedgivemarriedwomenpossessionoftheirearnings.AftertheCivilWar，Susanbecameveryinvolvedinthewomen'ssuffragemovement.Afteryearsoflecturing，writing，andappealingbySusanandotherwomen，somepartsoftheUnitedStateschangedtheirlawstogivewomentherighttovote.ThefirststatewasWyomingin1869.OtherareasandstatesgraduallyfollowedWyoming'sdecision．Itwasnotuntil1920thattheU．S.Constitutionwaschangedtogiveallwomenvotingrights.SusanBrownellAnthonydiedin1906attheageof86.ShewaselectedtotheHallofFameforGreatAmericansin1950.ShewasthefirstAmericanwomantohavealikeness(肖像)ofherfaceonacoin.Itwasthe1979SusanBrownellAnthonydollar.【語篇解讀】本文主要介紹了美國(guó)歷史上著名的女權(quán)運(yùn)動(dòng)領(lǐng)袖SusanBrownellAnthony。她努力為婦女爭(zhēng)取了財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)、投票權(quán)等權(quán)利。1．WhatwasthesituationofAmericanwomenlikewhenSusanwasborn?A．Theyhadlowsocialstatus.B．Theycouldvoteaftergettingmarried.C．Theymanagedmoneyfortheirhusbands.D．Theywereresponsiblefordecision-making.A[考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Atthattime，womenhadfewrights.Theycouldnotownproperty.Moneyearnedbyamarriedwomanbelongedtoherhusband.Majordecisionsregardingchildrenweremadebythefathers.Womencouldnotvote.”可知，在那時(shí)，女性沒有什么權(quán)利，地位是低下的，故A項(xiàng)正確。B、C和D項(xiàng)均與此表述不符。]2．Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A．Susan'steachingexperiences.B．Susan'seducationalbackground.C．Susan'seffortstoabolishslavery.D．Susan'sfightingforwomen'scauses.D[考查段落大意。通讀第三段尤其是“Thenshebeganorganizingwomen'sgroupstopromotecausesthatwereimportanttowomen.”可知，本段主要講述SusanBrownellAnthony為爭(zhēng)取女權(quán)而斗爭(zhēng)的情況，故D項(xiàng)正確。A項(xiàng)僅為細(xì)節(jié)之一，無法概括該段大意；B項(xiàng)文中沒有提及；根據(jù)第三段的“Thenshebeganorganizingwomen'sgroupstopromotecausesthatwereimportanttowomen.”可知，SusanBrownellAnthony為爭(zhēng)取女權(quán)而斗爭(zhēng)，而不是為廢除奴隸制而斗爭(zhēng)，故C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。]3．Whatdoestheword“decision”inthefourthparagraphreferto?A．Promotingthesocialmovement.B．Changin