Extendedreading：InsidetheEarthWhatdoyouknowaboutthebasicstructureoftheEarth?TheEarthiscomposedofthreelayers:thecrust,mantleandcore.Crust(地殼)Mantle(地幔)Innercore(內(nèi)核）Outercore(外核)Core(地核)athinlayerofrockontheEarth'ssurfacehot,slow-movingrockbelowthecrustandsurroundingthecoreextremelyhot,liquidironmixedwithothercomponents,coveringasolidcentre,whichistheinnermostpartoftheEarthNowlet'sreadthearticleandcomicstripfromasciencemagazineabouttheinsideoftheEarthtolearnmoredetails.Lookthroughthearticlequicklyandcompletethefollowingtableaboutitsoutline.ReadforstructureInsidetheEarthPara.1:IntroductiontothetopicofstudyingtheinsideoftheEarthPara.2:The__________ofstudyingtheinsideoftheEarthPara.3:Theother__________ofstudyingtheinsideoftheEarthPara.4:The_______________________ofstudyingtheinsideoftheEarthchallengesbenefitsimportance/significanceReadParas.1&2andanswerthefollowingquestion.Readfordetails1.HowdoscientistsknowsomuchabouttheEarth'smake-up?2.WhatchallengesmayscientistsfacewhenexploringtheinsideoftheEarth?Possibleanswer:ScientistsknowsomuchabouttheEarth'smake-upbyanalysingearthquakewavesanddrillingverydeepholes.1.HowdoscientistsknowsomuchabouttheEarth'smake-up?2.WhatchallengesmayscientistsfacewhenexploringtheinsideoftheEarth?ReadPara.3andfillinthetablebelow.excitingpossibilitiesforlifeabovegroundhelpsolvethestorageproblemofhydrogencastlightontheoriginofliferelyingonenergyfromcertainrocksPossibleanswer:Writeasummaryofthesciencemagazinearticle.Usethefollowingideastohelpyou.?TheEarth'sinternalstructure?WaystolearnabouttheinsideoftheEarth?ChallengesofstudyingtheinsideoftheEarth?BenefitsofthestudyP12APossibleanswerTheinternalstructureoftheEarthismadeupofthecrust,mantleandcore.ScientistslearnwhattheinsideoftheEarthislikebyanalysingearthquakewaves.TheyarealsotryingtodrillverydeepholesintotheEarthtodiscovermore

information.However,thisischallengingduetotheEarth'sintensepressureand

heat,aswellasthedifficultyinchoosingtherightplacetodrill.StudyingtheinsideoftheEarthhasvariousadvantages.Itnotonlyenablesusto

gainabetterunderstandingofthegeologyoftheEarth,butalsoopensupmany

possibilitiesforlifeaboveground.Forexample,bylookingdeepdownbeneath

theEarth,scientistsmaylearnhowtostorehydrogensafely.Theymayalsogain

newinsightsintotheoriginoflife,whichmighthelpanswerquestionswhetherlife

couldbefoundonMars.Readthecomicstriponpage12andfillinthefollowingtables.Possibleanswer:4metresThedeepestknowntreerootsThedeepestundergroundlaboratoryAttheplacewherediamondswereformedInthelowermantleAtthecentreoftheEarth123430,000metres750,000metres2.9millionmetres6millionmetresPressure◆Itislike131elephantsformingatowerontheirheadandtheygeta

headache.◆Itseems3,280elephantsstandingontheirhead.◆Itseemsthereareabout17,000elephantsbalancedontheirhead.◆Itseemsover47,000elephantsontheirhead.ReadthecomicstripagainanddescribethechangesinpressureasBucketandSpadedigdowntothecentreoftheEarth.Languagepoints1.TofindoutmoreabouttheEarth’smake-up,scientistshavedrilledverydeepholesbutnonehavereachedthemantleasyet.

asyet

①

Asyet,theyhavenosolidevidence.②Ihaven'treadmuchintoitasyet.I'veonlyjustscannedthroughit.

untilthismoment直到現(xiàn)在(用于疑問句和否定句)為了更多地了解地球的構(gòu)成，科學(xué)家們鉆了非常深的洞，但到目前為止，還沒有人到達(dá)地幔。2.TheintensepressureandheatinsidetheEarthcancloseupadeepholeorbreakadrill.closeup

①Everytimehetriedtospeak,histhroatclosedupwithfear.

每當(dāng)他試圖講話時，他都害怕得喉嚨發(fā)緊說不出話來。②Don'tusecoldwaterasitshocksthebloodvessels(血管)intoclosingup.

不要用冷水，那樣會刺激血管變窄。

地球內(nèi)部的巨大壓力和熱量可以使深孔變窄或破壞鉆頭。tobecomenarrowerandlessopen（使）變狹窄3.Thismayhelpsolvethestorageproblemofhydrogenandpavethewayforcarstorunonhydrogenfuel.pavetheway(forsb./sth.)

①Thisdecisionpavedthewayforchangesinemploymentrightsforwomen.

這項(xiàng)決議為修改婦女就業(yè)權(quán)利創(chuàng)造了條件。

②Thisagreementwillpavethewayforalastingpeacebetweenthetwocountries.

該協(xié)議將為兩國間的持久和平鋪平道路。

tocreateasituationinwhichsbwillbeabletodosthorsthcanhappen

（為……）鋪平道路，創(chuàng)造條件=laythefoundationfor

這可能有助于解決氫的儲存問題，并為汽車使用氫燃料創(chuàng)造條件。4.OtherscientistshopethatresearchintomicroorganismsdeepinsidetheEarthwouldcastlightontheoriginoflife.

cast/shed/throwlightonsth①Recentresearchhasthrownnewlightonthecausesofthedisease.

最近的研究可以使人進(jìn)一步了解導(dǎo)致這種疾病的原因。②Thesediscoverisesmaycastsomenewlightontheoriginsoftheuniverse.

這些發(fā)現(xiàn)可能會使人進(jìn)一步了解宇宙的起源。

tomakeaproblem,etc.easiertounderstand

使（問題等）較容易理解其他科學(xué)家希望對地球深處微生物的研究會使人們了解生命的起源。5.Surely,astudyoftheinsideofourplanetwouldleadtoexcitingandenlighteningdiscoveries,andbenefitallwhowalkuponit.①Canyouenlightenheronthissubject?

對這個問題你能啟發(fā)啟發(fā)她嗎？②anenlighteningexplanation

啟發(fā)性的解釋③Itcanbeanenormouslyenlighteningandexcitingexperience.

它會是一次非常有啟發(fā)性、令人興奮的經(jīng)歷。

當(dāng)然，對地球內(nèi)部的研究將帶來令人興奮和啟發(fā)性的發(fā)現(xiàn)，并使所有在地球上行走的人受益。enlightenv.

togivesbinformationsothattheyunderstandsthbetter

啟發(fā)；開導(dǎo)；闡明

enlightening

adj.富有啟發(fā)性的①

enlightenedopinions/attitudes/ideas

開明的見解/態(tài)度/想法②ThemoreenlightenedfactoryownersbuilthomesfortheirworkersinBritaininthe19thcentury.

在19世紀(jì)的英國，較開明的工廠主為工人建造住所。enlightenedadj

havingorshowinganunderstandingofpeople'sneeds,asituation,etc.thatisnotbasedonold-fashionedattitudesandprejudice

開明的；有見識的；擺脫偏見的enlightenmentn.[U]thestateofunderstandingsthclearlyortheactofmakingsbunderstandsthcleatly啟發(fā)；開導(dǎo)；領(lǐng)悟

theEnlightenment

（18世紀(jì)歐洲的）啟蒙運(yùn)動6.Thedeepestundergroundlaboratory,atJinping,China,ispassed.(我們)經(jīng)過了位于中國錦屏山的最深地下實(shí)驗(yàn)室。TheJinpingUndergroundLaboratory,whichisusedtostudydarkmatter.中國錦屏地下實(shí)驗(yàn)室位于地下2400米處，是世界上最深的地下實(shí)驗(yàn)室，于2010年建成并投入使用。建成以來，實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行了一系列暗物質(zhì)探測實(shí)驗(yàn)，這奠定了我國在暗物質(zhì)探測領(lǐng)域的世界領(lǐng)先地位。1.asyet2.pavethewayfor(sb/sth)

3.cast/shed/throwlightonsth4.anexcitingandenlighteningdiscovery5.closeup1.直到現(xiàn)在；直至過去某時2.（為……）鋪平道路，創(chuàng)造條件3.使（問題等）較容易理解4.一個激動人心、富有啟發(fā)性的發(fā)現(xiàn)5.（使）變狹窄Completethesentenceswiththeproperformofphrasesgiveninthebox.1.Occasionallythechannelwidenedandthen_______tightagain.2.Datafromthespaceflightshould________________a moredetailedexplorationofMars.3.Thediscoveryofthedinosaurskeleton(恐龍骨架)____________________whytheybecameextinct.4.Thatwasavery_____________speech.5.Therehavebeenmanytechnicalproblemsunresolved______.pavethewayforenlightenasyetcastlightonsthcloseuppavethewayforenlighteninghascastlightonasyetclosedup1.Ithasbeendiscoveredthatundercertainextremeconditionsofpressureandtemperature,waterformsicecagesthattraphydrogeninside.真正的主語形式主語①

ItiswellknownthatChinahasthelargestpopulationintheworld.

眾所周知，在世界上中國人口最多。②

Itissaidthatallofthemhavegonetothecinema.

據(jù)說他們都去看電影了。狀語that引導(dǎo)定語從句人們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，在某些極端的壓力和溫度條件下，水會形成“冰籠”，將氫困在“冰籠”中。1.Sentenceanalysingforbetterunderstanding2.However,themicroorganismsinagoldmineofSouthAfricasurvivewherethesunnevershines,relyingonenergyfromcertainrocks.介詞短語作后置定語，修飾先行詞microorganismswhere引導(dǎo)狀語從句V-ing形式作方式狀語①WeshouldgowherethePartyneedsusmost.

我們應(yīng)到黨最需要我們的地方去。②IhavekeptthephotowhereIcanseeiteveryday,asitalwaysremindsmeofmymiddleschooldays.

我把這張照片放在每天都能看到的地方，因?yàn)樗偸亲屛蚁肫鹞业闹袑W(xué)時光。然而，南非金礦中的微生物在沒有陽光照射的地方，依靠著來自某些巖石的能量生存了下來。§Howisthecomicstriporganized?Itisorganizedinspatialorder,fromthesurfacetothecentre.§Whatisthefunctionofthepicturesusedinthecomicstrip?Picturesgrabthereader'sattention,explaindifficultconceptsandhelpthem

understandthetextbetter.§Whatarethe

effectsofthespeechbubblesinthecomicstrip?Speechbubblesareavisualmeansofconveyingwordsspokenbycharactersinacomicstrip.Thesebubblesareclearlyidentifiableasdrawnshapescontaining

wordsarelocatednexttothespeakingcharacter.Inordertocommunicatethepropermeaningandnottoconfusethereader,theillustratormust