必修五Unit2TheUnitedKingdomⅠ.閱讀理解A(2020·泰安市6月模擬)Ifyouheartheword“castle”ortheword“palace”，youmaypicturethesamekindofbuildingforboth:large,madeofstones,probablywithatower.And,ofcourse,you'renotentirelywrong,asthosearefeaturesofbothpalacesandcastles.SothenwhybothertovisitoneroyalbuildingintheUnitedKingdom—BuckinghamPalaceandanotherinthesamecountry—WindsorCastle?Itturnsoutthatthereisadifference,andyoucanfinditprettyplainlyinthesetwopopularbuildings.TheCaseforCastlesCastleswereresidencesforroyalty.Buttheywerealsointendedasdefensiveseats.Sayyou'reakingwhohastakenaparticularareaover.Nowyouhavetoholdit.Soyoubuildacastleandstaffitwithsoldierstodefendyourconqueredterritoryandensureitremainspartofyourkingdom.CastleswerebuiltthroughoutEuropeandtheMiddleEastprimarilyfortheprotectionofthekingandhispeople.Somecommonfeaturesofcastlesinclude：●thickwallsandheavygatestokeepinvadersout●protectivelowwallsforarcherstoshootwithcover●hightowersforkeepingalookoutforthesurrounding

lands●gatehousesforadmittingalliesinsteadofallowingenemiesintothecastleThePlaceforPalacesPalaces,onthecontrary,hadnodefensivepurposes.Theywerefirstmeantforshowingoffthegreatvictoryofthewar.Palaceswerewherethespoils(戰(zhàn)利品)ofwarmightbedisplayed,alongwithgrandarchitecture,massivebanquethalls,goldentablesettingsandmaybeevenhundredsofluxuriouslydecoratedrooms.Whilekingscertainlytookupresidenceinpalacesaswellascastles,nonmilitaryroyalsmightalsohavelivedin(orstilllivein)palaces.Ministerscouldliveincastlestoshowthepoweroftheirrichesratherthantheirnonexistentmilitarypower.ThetermcomesfromPalatineHillinRome.文章大意：本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了城堡和宮殿的不同之處。1．Whichofthefollowingisonefeatureofcastles？BA．Lowtowerssurroundingcastles.B．Defensivelowwallsforshooting.C．Gatehousesallowingenemiesintothecastle.D．Thickwallsandheavygatestolockinvadersin.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheCaseforCastles部分的“protectivelowwallsforarcherstoshootwithcover”可知，用來射擊的防御性低墻是城堡的特點(diǎn)之一。2．Whywerepalacesfirstbuilt？DA．Toaccommodateordinarysoldiers.B．Todefendtheking'sconqueredterritory.C．Toshowofftheartofroyalpainting.D．Todisplayhugesuccessofthewar.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ThePlaceforPalaces部分的“Theywerefirstmeantforshowingoffthegreatvictoryofthewar.Palaceswerewherethespoils(戰(zhàn)利品)ofwarmightbedisplayed”，可知，最初建立宮殿是為了炫耀戰(zhàn)爭的勝利。3．Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext？BA．Tolistthereasonsforkings'livinginpalaces.B．Tomakeacomparisonbetweencastlesandpalaces.C．Totalkaboutthevalueofcastlesinmoderntimes.D．Toshowpalacesaremorepopularthancastles.解析：寫作目的題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Itturnsoutthatthereisadifference，andyoucanfinditprettyplainlyinthesetwopopularbuildings.”以及下文中對城堡和宮殿的特點(diǎn)的介紹可知，本文是為了對比城堡和宮殿。B(2021·河南省南陽市一中月考)Haveyoueverheardarumorspreadaroundbystudentsatyourschool?Rumors,likefakenews,canoftenmisinformindividualsandleadthemtobelievefalseinformation.Inanattempttosettlethisproblem,thecountryofSingaporehaspassedabillthatbanscompaniesandindividualsfrompublishingfalseinformationonline.Thislaw,knownasTheProtectionFromOnlineFalsehoodsandManipulationBill,hascausedapublicoutcry(強(qiáng)烈的抗議),asthegovernmenthasbeengiventhepowertoremovecontentthatitconsidersinaccurateoragainstthepublic'sinterest.SinceSingapore'scitizensarepartofdifferentracialandreligiousgroups,thegovernmentfearsthatrumorsorfakenewscanincreasetensionswithinanalreadysmallcountry.Withthenewlawcomingintoeffect,Singapore'sgovernmentnowhastheauthoritytomonitornewssites,socialmediaplatforms,andotherdatabasesofinformationtodeterminewhetherthecontentisfalsified.Thegovernmentcanorderfortheremovaloffakenews,andpublishersofthisinformationcanreceiveprisontimeandfinesuptoonemillionSingaporedollars!Criticsfearthatthebillthreatenstheirfreedomofspeechandfreedomofexpression.Sincenationalissuesandworldnewsaregenerallydiscussedononlineplatforms,manyareconcernedthatthisnewbillwillpreventindividualsfromtalkingfreelyandhavinghealthyconversations.Severalcompanies,includingGoogle,Facebook,andTwitter,haveofficessituatedinSingapore,meaningthatthenewlawwillaffecttheircompanyoperations.SocialmediacompaniesinSingaporecouldfaceadeclineinactivity,asusersmayfear

postingtheiropinionsandbeingpunishedbythegovernment.Othersareconcernedthatthelawdoesnotclearlystatewhata“falsestatement”is.Suchanambiguitymightallowthegovernmenttomisusetheirpower,eventhoughtheintentionistocurtailthemowoffalseinformationandrumorsthroughoutSingapore.ThislawdoesgiverisetoseveralconcernsrelatedtofreedomandprivacyanditwillbeinterestingtoseewhatSingapore'sgovernmentwilldotodealwiththisproblem.文章大意：本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道類文章。新加坡通過了一個(gè)旨在懲罰虛假新聞發(fā)布者法案，一些人認(rèn)為這會影響到他們的言論自由而強(qiáng)烈抗議。4．Whyaresomepeopleagainstthebill？CA．Theythinkthebillcan'tgetridoffakenews.B．Theybelongtodifferentracialandreligiousgroups.C．Theythinktheirfreedomofspeechmaybeharmed.D．Theydon'twanttoincreasetensionsintheircountry.解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“...thegovernmenthasbeengiventhepowertoremovecontentthatitconsidersinaccurateoragainstthepublic'sinterest.”及第六段第一句“Criticsfearthatthebillthreatenstheirfreedomofspeechandfreedomofexpression.”可知，一些人強(qiáng)烈地抗議新法案是因?yàn)樾路ò附o政府賦予了刪除不準(zhǔn)確或不符合公共利益的內(nèi)容的權(quán)力。這些人認(rèn)為這會影響到他們的言論自由。故C項(xiàng)正確。5．Whatdoesthegovernmenthavetherighttodounderthenewlaw？AA．Punishpublishersoffakenews.B．Monitortelephoneconversations.C．Prohibitcertainpeoplefromgoingonline.D．Finefake-newsmakersanyamountofmoney.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句“Thegovernmentcanorderfortheremovaloffakenews,andpublishersofthisinformationcanreceiveprisontimeandfinesuptoonemillionSingaporedollars！”可知，新法案生效后政府有權(quán)懲罰虛假新聞制造者。故A項(xiàng)正確。6．HowwillthenewlawaffectsocialmediacompaniesinSingapore？DA．Theirusers'privacymaybedisturbed.B．Theirincomewillincreaseveryslowly.C．Theirillegalactivitieswillcometolight.D．Theirsocialmediamaybecomelessactive.解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段第二句“SocialmediacompaniesinSingaporecouldfaceadeclineinactivity,asusersmayfearpostingtheiropinionsandbeingpunishedbythegovernment.”可知，社交媒體的使用者因害怕發(fā)表言論受到懲罰而降低活躍度。故D項(xiàng)正確。7．Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph8probablymean？DA．Prove.B．Accelerate.D．Decrease.C．Promote.解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段“thegovernmentfearsthatrumorsorfakenewscanincreasetensionswithinanalreadysmallcountry”可知，新加坡政府通過這個(gè)法案的初衷就是為了避免虛假新聞在國內(nèi)造成局勢緊張。畫線單詞所在句的意思為：如此模糊的概念可能允許政府在這方面濫用權(quán)力，盡管政府的意圖是為了抑制錯(cuò)誤信息和流言蜚語在新加坡境內(nèi)的傳播。故該詞義為“減少”，所以D項(xiàng)正確。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五September23marksthestartofanewseason.1.FInGreatBritain,thethirdseasonoftheyearusuallyhasonlyonename:autumn.ButifyoutravelacrosstheAtlantic,you'llfindthatpeopleusebothfallandautumninterchangeablywhenreferringtothistimeofyear,makingittheonlyseasonintheEnglishlanguagewithtwowidelyacceptednames.2.CAccordingtoD,fallisn'tamodernnamethatfollowedthemoretraditionalautumn.Thetwotermsareactuallyfirstrecordedwithinafewhundredyearsofeachother,withthetermfallbeingusedevenabitearlier.3.GThewordisofGermanicoriginandmeant“picking”or“collecting”,anodtotheactofgatheringandpreservingcropsinthefieldbeforewinter.Inthe1500s,Englishspeakersbeganreferringtotheseasonseparatingthehotandcoldmonthsaseitherthefalloftheleaforthespringoftheleaf,orfallandspringforshort.4.DBytheendofthe1600s,autumn,fromtheFrenchword“automne”andtheLatin“autumnus”,hadovertakenfallasthestandardBritishtermforthethirdseason.AroundthesametimeEnglandadoptedautunm,thefirst-everBritishAmericancolonists(殖民者)werevoyagingtoNorthAmerica.5.BWhiletheformerfelloutoffashionoverseas,itestablisheditselfinthelocalvocabularybythetimeAmericawonitsindependence.Today,usingbothwordstodescribetheseasonbeforewinterisstillauniqueAmericanbehavior.A.TheAmericanspreferusingfalltousingautumn.B．Withthemtheybroughtthewordsfallandautumn.C．Sowhatisitabouttheseasonthatmakesitsospecial?D．Butforsomereason,onlyspringhadstayingpowerinBritain.E．Itistimetogatherapples,riceandotherthingsforthefarmers.F．However,whatexactlyyoushouldcallthatseasondependsonwhereyouare.G．Beforeeitherwordappeared,theseasonbetweensummerandwinterwasknownasharvest.文章大意：本文是說明文，主題語境是“人與社會”。文章介紹了秋天在英語中兩種不同的叫法及其歷史淵源。1．考查細(xì)節(jié)支撐句?？涨疤岬搅恕癮newseason”，空后講大不列顛和大西洋彼岸對這一季節(jié)叫法的不同，故F項(xiàng)符合語境，選項(xiàng)中的“thatseason”和“dependsonwhereyouare”分別與文中內(nèi)容對應(yīng)。2．考查承上啟下句?？涨疤岬角锾煊袃煞N叫法，下文是對此的解釋，C項(xiàng)“那么是什么讓這個(gè)季節(jié)變得如此特別？”連接上下文，符合題意。3．考查細(xì)節(jié)支撐句。上文提到了一個(gè)季節(jié)的兩種叫法，結(jié)合下文的“Theword”可知，空處所填句中應(yīng)用一個(gè)有關(guān)秋季另一種叫法的單詞，G項(xiàng)“在兩個(gè)詞出現(xiàn)之前，夏季和冬季之間的季節(jié)被稱為harvest”。符合題意。4．考查細(xì)節(jié)支撐句。上文講到在16世紀(jì)，以英語為母語的人開始用樹葉的落下(簡稱fall)或生長(簡稱spring)來指代炎熱和寒冷的月份之間的那個(gè)季節(jié)，空后提到了17世紀(jì)末，autumn取代fall成為指代第三個(gè)季節(jié)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英國用詞，由此推斷，空處應(yīng)說明spring一詞的情況，故選D。5．考查細(xì)節(jié)支撐句?？涨爸v大約在英格蘭采用autumn來指代秋天的同一時(shí)間，第一批去美國的英國殖民者開始漂洋過海到了北美，空后提到前一個(gè)詞雖然在大洋彼岸不再流行，但卻在美國獨(dú)立后站穩(wěn)了腳跟。B項(xiàng)中的“them”“they”對應(yīng)了空前的“thefirst-everBritishAmericancolonists(殖民者)”，B項(xiàng)中的“fall”對應(yīng)了空后的“theformer”。Ⅲ.語法填空Undoubtedly,Britainisanationofhatwearers.Fromtakingoffhats1.tolaunchingmortarboards(學(xué)位帽)intheair,hatshavelongbeenassociatedwithceremoniesandpractices.Eventhehistoryofthecountrycan2.betold(tell)throughhats.3.Dating(date)backtomedievalEngland,theflatcapbecameasymbolofworkingclasscultureinthe19thand20thcenturies.TheEdwardianerawas4.agoldenageofhats,whenthedecorationsbecameevenmoredelicate,rangingfromflowers,birdstofruits.Theporkpiehat,startinginthemid-19thcentury,wasthe5.choice(choose)formanywell-dressedVictoriancitizens.Decadeslaterit6.gradually(gradual)becameakeyfeatureofLondonstreetstyle.Bythe1960s,though,hatsfadedoutofpeople'ssightbecauseoftheriseofprivatecars.ItwastheRoyalWedding7.held(hold)in2011thatcontributedtothereturnofhatwearing.Forexample,HatWorksMuseum—theonlymuseuminStockportfeaturedinhatsandhatmaking—is8.morepopular(popular)thanever,withadistinctincreaseamongitsvisitors.9.WhatmarksBritainoutontheworldstageisthelargenumberofhatsthatcanbecalleditsown.ThevarietyofhatsinBritain10.reflects(reflect)itsmulticulturalbackgroundandrichculturalheritage.文章大意：本文是一篇說明文。簡要介紹了英國的帽子發(fā)展史。解析：1．考查介詞。根據(jù)空前的From及空后的launching可知，此處考查固定用法from...to...“從……到……”。故用介詞to。2．考查動詞的語態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，tell和句子主語thehistoryofthecountry構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故謂語用被動形式。故用betold。3．考查非謂語動詞。date和句子謂語became之間沒有連詞，故用其非謂語動詞形式，且固定詞組datebackto意為“追溯到”，和句子主語theflatcap構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。故用其現(xiàn)在分詞形式。4．考查冠詞。goldenage意為“黃金時(shí)代”，是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式，其前無限定詞修飾，此處在文中第一次提及，且golden的發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭。故用不定冠詞a修飾。5．考查名詞。根據(jù)語境，且與定冠詞the呼應(yīng)可知，此處用其名詞形式。6．考查副詞。修飾動詞應(yīng)用副詞，故用副詞gradually修飾動詞became。7．考查非謂語動詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，hold和句子主語theRoyalWedding構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故用其過去分詞作后置定語。本句是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，即：Itis＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分＋that＋句子剩余部分，對句子主語theRoyalWedding進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)。8．考查形容詞的比較級。與語境中的than呼應(yīng)可知，此處用形容詞比較級，作is的表語。9．考查主語從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)主語從句，且在從句中作主語，表示“……的事物”。故用連接代詞What。10．考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)語境可知，此處為一般性Thevariety，故此處謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式reflects。Ⅳ.短文改錯(cuò)(2021·廣東省七校聯(lián)合體第一次聯(lián)考)

Lastweekend,afterpayavisittothecityofNewYork,IvisitedtheNationalAirandSpaceMuseumoftheSmithsonianInstitution,whereliesinWashington,D．C..Themuseum,whichcoversaareaof18,000squaremeters,ismadeof24exhibitionhalls.Allkindsofplanes,rockets,missilesandspaceshipofgreatimportanceandvariouslyoldinstrumentsthatfamouspilotsandastronautsusedareondisplay.Inaddition,Iseecopiesofsomesatellitesandaircraft.Moreinterestingly,Itriedoperatingonsomeaircraftbymyself.Duringthevisit,Itooklotsofpicturesaswell.Thisbriefvisithelpedmyselflearnmuchaboutthehistoryofhumanspaceexploration.Itmadememoreinterestinginscienceandtechnology.答案：Lastweekend,afterpayavisittothecityofNewYork,payingIvi