吳宜濤2013/5Division&Condensation吳宜濤Contents拆譯法拆譯單詞拆譯短語拆譯復(fù)合句拆譯整個(gè)句子縮譯法壓縮短語或從句復(fù)合句壓縮成簡單句Contents拆譯法Intranslation,ifwefollowtheoriginalsentencestructure,wemayfindithardtoreproducetheoriginalthought.Besidesotherwaystodealwiththiscase,wemaydividesuchasentenceintotwoormorepartsbypickingoutthosewords,phrasesorclauseswhichare“hardnutstocrack”andmakingthemintoChineseword-groups,clausesorsentences,coordinateorsubordinate.Indivision,wehavetodeterminewheretodivide,howtodivide,whatthesubjectorthepredicateofthenewclauseorsentenceshouldbe,andhowtorearrangevariouspartsoftheoriginalsentence.ThesemayinvolvesuchtechniquesasConversion,AmplificationandInversion.Intranslation,ifwefollowtPickingOutofWordsItisadvisabletopickoutthosewordswhicharehardtoreproduceintheoriginalstructureandexpandthemintoChineseword-groups,clausesorsentences.Thereareusuallythreestepstodealwithsuchwords:(1)Determinewhichword(s)topickout;(2)ApplyConversionorAmplification,ifnecessary,tomakethetranslatedversionsmoothandwell-connected;(3)RearrangethewordorderaccordingtotheChinesemodeofexpression.PickingOutofWordsItisadviExamples:HeremindedmeofwhatIshouldotherwisehaveforgotten.他提醒了我，要不然我就把這事給忘了。Ishallbegladofyourcompanyonthejourney.如果你能陪我一塊去，我會(huì)很高興。TheprisonersarepermittedtoreceiveRedCrossfoodparclesandwritecensoredletters.那些囚犯得到允許，可以領(lǐng)取由紅十字會(huì)提供的食品包裹，也可以寫信，不過所寫信件要接受檢查。Examples:Thetimecouldhavebeenmoreprofitablyspentinmakingadetailedinvestigation.(=Ifthetimehadbeenspentinmakingadetailedinvestigation,itcouldhavebeenmoreprofitable)如果當(dāng)初把時(shí)間花在做一番詳細(xì)的調(diào)查上，收獲就會(huì)更大。英語很多句子中的某個(gè)詞語，尤其是副詞，看上去是修飾與其相鄰的某個(gè)成分，但實(shí)際上是對整個(gè)句子所陳述的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行描述或評價(jià)。ThetimecouldhavebeenmoreIhadunforgivably,inastealthymanner,peepedathercorrespondence.我偷偷摸摸地看她的信件，這實(shí)在是難以寬恕的行為。Theyrelentlesslytearattheflowerstheysee.他們見花就摘，毫不愛惜。HearrivedinWashingtonataripemomentinternationally.他來到華盛頓，就國際形勢來說，時(shí)機(jī)正合適。Ihadunforgivably,inastealTheseniorleaders’departurecouldcuriouslyhelpthetwopartiessinkanage-longpartyfeud.老一代領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的離去竟然使這兩個(gè)政黨陷入了長期的不和，這確實(shí)讓人百思不得其解。TheChineseseemedjustifiablyproudoftheireconomicachievements.中國人似乎為他們在經(jīng)濟(jì)上取得的成就而自豪，這是合乎情理的。Theseniorleaders’departurePickingOutofPhrasesParticipialphrases,nounphrases,andprepositionalphrases,etc.,ifhardtoreproduceintheoriginalstructure,maylikewisebepickedoutandexpanded.Example:Acrashingthunderstorm,withthickrainhissingdownfromskiesblackasnight,stoppedVictorHenryfromleavingtheWhiteHouse.轟隆幾聲雷響，從暗如黑夜的天空嘩啦啦下起大雨來。維多克亨利無法離開白宮。NixonwasgreatlyimpressedbyStassen’sfirmhandshake.史塔生緊緊和他握手，尼克松對這一點(diǎn)印象很深刻。PickingOutofPhrasesSplittingofComplexSentencesAcomplexsentence,composedoftwoormoreclauses,oftenexpressesaseriesoflogicalpropositions.InChinese,however,suchnotionsarepreferablyexpressedinseparateclausesorsentences,whicharearrangedinacertainorder.SeparatetheAdjectiveClausefromtheMainClauseExamples:OnbehalfofallofyourAmericanguests,IwishtothankyoufortheincomparablehospitalityforwhichtheChinesepeoplearejustlyfamousthroughouttheworld.我謹(jǐn)代表你們的所有美國客人向你們表示感謝，感謝你們的無可比擬的盛情款待。中國人民以這種盛情款待而聞名于世。SplittingofComplexSentencesThiswastheperiodwhenEinsteinbegantheresearchwhichresultedinthecreationofhisfamousTheoryofRelativity.就在這期間，愛因斯坦開始進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)研究。經(jīng)過這項(xiàng)研究，他創(chuàng)立了著名的相對論。Thereisnowasingleacceptedpronunciationforthevastmajorityofwordsinordinarypoliteuse,deviationfromwhichisregardedeitherasaprovincialismorasavulgarism.現(xiàn)今日常社交所用的大多數(shù)詞語的讀音已有了一個(gè)公認(rèn)的統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。不符合這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，就被稱為方言或俗語了。ThiswastheperiodwhenEinstMatterhascertainfeaturesorpropertiesthatenableustorecognizeiteasily.物質(zhì)具有一定的特征或特性，所以我們能夠很容易地識(shí)別它。Agasoccupiesallofanycontainerinwhichitisplaced.氣體不管裝在什么容器里，都會(huì)把容器填滿。Matterhascertainfeaturesor(2)SeparateOtherClausesfromtheMainClauseWemayseparateotherclausesfromthemainclauseandrearrangethewordorder,renderingthemainclauseorthesubordinateclauseintoChineseindependentelement(獨(dú)立成分)orextra-positionelement(外位成分).Examples:Itisafamiliarfactthatnothinginnaturewilleitherstartorstopmovingofitself.自然界任何物體的運(yùn)動(dòng)都不會(huì)自行開始或自行停止運(yùn)動(dòng)，這是人所共知的事實(shí)。(2)SeparateOtherClausesfroItisfarmoreoftenthecasethatmetalsarecombinedchemicallywithoneormoreelements.金屬和一種或多種元素化合在一起，這種情況就更多了。WearefortifiedinourhopethattheeffortsofachievingthoseendswillbegreatlystrengthenedbythearrivialoftheChinesedelegation.中國代表團(tuán)的到達(dá)將大大加強(qiáng)為實(shí)現(xiàn)那些目標(biāo)的努力，對此我們抱有更大的希望。ItisfarmoreoftenthecaseSplittingoftheWholeSentenceDivisionisoftenneededtotranslatecolloquialexpressions,complexandlongsentences.ItshouldbenotedthatshorterexpressionsorsentencesaregenerallypreferredinChinese.Aftersingingaconcertinthiscity,hesaidhewantedtogreethisadmirersbackstageashealwaysdoes.他在那個(gè)城市舉行了一場音樂會(huì)。音樂會(huì)結(jié)束以后，他提出要像往常那樣到后臺(tái)去見見他的崇拜者。SplittingoftheWholeSentencItisflatteringtobelievethattheyaretooprofoundtobeexpressedsoclearlythatallwhorunmayread,andverynaturallyitdoesnotoccurtosuchwritersthatthefaultiswiththeirownmindswhichhavenotthefacultyofprecisereflection.認(rèn)為自己的思想深邃，不可能表達(dá)得很清楚，讓任何人都理解，這是一種虛榮的想法。這樣的作家當(dāng)然不會(huì)想到，問題還是出在自己的腦子缺乏精確思考的能力。Itisflatteringtobelieveth每年都有大批的外國旅游者來中國觀光，中國有許多著名的旅游點(diǎn)，比如長城就是一個(gè)有重大歷史意義的建筑物，桂林就是一個(gè)以不平凡的風(fēng)景而聞名的地方。Everyyear,agreatnumberofforeigntouristscometovisitChina.Chinahasalotoffamousspots.Forexample,theGreatWallisastructureofgreathistoricalsignificance,andGuilinisaplaceknownforitsuniquescenicbeauty.每年都有大批的外國旅游者來中國觀光，中國有許多著名的旅游點(diǎn)，在6000平方米展廳內(nèi)，陳列的地毯品種多、規(guī)模全、選擇余地大，將給中外客商耳目一新之感。Inthe6,000squaremetersexhibitionhall,carpetsofinnumerablevarietiesandsizeswillbeondisplay,withawiderangetofacilitatecustomers’selection.TheseproductswillimpressChineseandforeignbusinesspeople.在6000平方米展廳內(nèi)，陳列的地毯品種多、規(guī)模全、選擇余地大CondensationTheoppositeofdivisioniscondensation,atechniqueemployedtoachieveconcisenessandcontractednessintranslation.CondensationofPhrasesandClausesNoonehastoldthem

abouttheBritishcustomofliningupforabussothatthefirstpersonwhoarrivesatabusstopisthefirstpersontogetonthebus.誰也沒有跟他們說過，英國人有排隊(duì)候車、先到先上的習(xí)慣。CondensationFromthatmomenton,Kissingertoldus,theirproblemwastogearthenegotiationinsuchawaythatitwouldsupporttheirmilitaryobjectives.基辛格對我們說，從那以后，他們的問題是設(shè)法使談判配合他們的軍事目的。Fromthatmomenton,KissingerCondensationofComplexSentencesintoSimpleSentencesWhenwepraisetheChineseleadershipandthepeople,wearenotmerelybeingpolite.我們對中國領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和中國人民的贊揚(yáng)絕不是出于禮貌。Thereisnotimewhenthecirculationofwaterdoesnottakeplace.水循環(huán)無時(shí)不在進(jìn)行。Mercuryexpandsasitgetshotterandcontractsasitcools.水銀會(huì)熱脹冷縮。CondensationofComplexSenten

吳宜濤2013/5Division&Condensation吳宜濤Contents拆譯法拆譯單詞拆譯短語拆譯復(fù)合句拆譯整個(gè)句子縮譯法壓縮短語或從句復(fù)合句壓縮成簡單句Contents拆譯法Intranslation,ifwefollowtheoriginalsentencestructure,wemayfindithardtoreproducetheoriginalthought.Besidesotherwaystodealwiththiscase,wemaydividesuchasentenceintotwoormorepartsbypickingoutthosewords,phrasesorclauseswhichare“hardnutstocrack”andmakingthemintoChineseword-groups,clausesorsentences,coordinateorsubordinate.Indivision,wehavetodeterminewheretodivide,howtodivide,whatthesubjectorthepredicateofthenewclauseorsentenceshouldbe,andhowtorearrangevariouspartsoftheoriginalsentence.ThesemayinvolvesuchtechniquesasConversion,AmplificationandInversion.Intranslation,ifwefollowtPickingOutofWordsItisadvisabletopickoutthosewordswhicharehardtoreproduceintheoriginalstructureandexpandthemintoChineseword-groups,clausesorsentences.Thereareusuallythreestepstodealwithsuchwords:(1)Determinewhichword(s)topickout;(2)ApplyConversionorAmplification,ifnecessary,tomakethetranslatedversionsmoothandwell-connected;(3)RearrangethewordorderaccordingtotheChinesemodeofexpression.PickingOutofWordsItisadviExamples:HeremindedmeofwhatIshouldotherwisehaveforgotten.他提醒了我，要不然我就把這事給忘了。Ishallbegladofyourcompanyonthejourney.如果你能陪我一塊去，我會(huì)很高興。TheprisonersarepermittedtoreceiveRedCrossfoodparclesandwritecensoredletters.那些囚犯得到允許，可以領(lǐng)取由紅十字會(huì)提供的食品包裹，也可以寫信，不過所寫信件要接受檢查。Examples:Thetimecouldhavebeenmoreprofitablyspentinmakingadetailedinvestigation.(=Ifthetimehadbeenspentinmakingadetailedinvestigation,itcouldhavebeenmoreprofitable)如果當(dāng)初把時(shí)間花在做一番詳細(xì)的調(diào)查上，收獲就會(huì)更大。英語很多句子中的某個(gè)詞語，尤其是副詞，看上去是修飾與其相鄰的某個(gè)成分，但實(shí)際上是對整個(gè)句子所陳述的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行描述或評價(jià)。ThetimecouldhavebeenmoreIhadunforgivably,inastealthymanner,peepedathercorrespondence.我偷偷摸摸地看她的信件，這實(shí)在是難以寬恕的行為。Theyrelentlesslytearattheflowerstheysee.他們見花就摘，毫不愛惜。HearrivedinWashingtonataripemomentinternationally.他來到華盛頓，就國際形勢來說，時(shí)機(jī)正合適。Ihadunforgivably,inastealTheseniorleaders’departurecouldcuriouslyhelpthetwopartiessinkanage-longpartyfeud.老一代領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的離去竟然使這兩個(gè)政黨陷入了長期的不和，這確實(shí)讓人百思不得其解。TheChineseseemedjustifiablyproudoftheireconomicachievements.中國人似乎為他們在經(jīng)濟(jì)上取得的成就而自豪，這是合乎情理的。Theseniorleaders’departurePickingOutofPhrasesParticipialphrases,nounphrases,andprepositionalphrases,etc.,ifhardtoreproduceintheoriginalstructure,maylikewisebepickedoutandexpanded.Example:Acrashingthunderstorm,withthickrainhissingdownfromskiesblackasnight,stoppedVictorHenryfromleavingtheWhiteHouse.轟隆幾聲雷響，從暗如黑夜的天空嘩啦啦下起大雨來。維多克亨利無法離開白宮。NixonwasgreatlyimpressedbyStassen’sfirmhandshake.史塔生緊緊和他握手，尼克松對這一點(diǎn)印象很深刻。PickingOutofPhrasesSplittingofComplexSentencesAcomplexsentence,composedoftwoormoreclauses,oftenexpressesaseriesoflogicalpropositions.InChinese,however,suchnotionsarepreferablyexpressedinseparateclausesorsentences,whicharearrangedinacertainorder.SeparatetheAdjectiveClausefromtheMainClauseExamples:OnbehalfofallofyourAmericanguests,IwishtothankyoufortheincomparablehospitalityforwhichtheChinesepeoplearejustlyfamousthroughouttheworld.我謹(jǐn)代表你們的所有美國客人向你們表示感謝，感謝你們的無可比擬的盛情款待。中國人民以這種盛情款待而聞名于世。SplittingofComplexSentencesThiswastheperiodwhenEinsteinbegantheresearchwhichresultedinthecreationofhisfamousTheoryofRelativity.就在這期間，愛因斯坦開始進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)研究。經(jīng)過這項(xiàng)研究，他創(chuàng)立了著名的相對論。Thereisnowasingleacceptedpronunciationforthevastmajorityofwordsinordinarypoliteuse,deviationfromwhichisregardedeitherasaprovincialismorasavulgarism.現(xiàn)今日常社交所用的大多數(shù)詞語的讀音已有了一個(gè)公認(rèn)的統(tǒng)一的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。不符合這個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，就被稱為方言或俗語了。ThiswastheperiodwhenEinstMatterhascertainfeaturesorpropertiesthatenableustorecognizeiteasily.物質(zhì)具有一定的特征或特性，所以我們能夠很容易地識(shí)別它。Agasoccupiesallofanycontainerinwhichitisplaced.氣體不管裝在什么容器里，都會(huì)把容器填滿。Matterhascertainfeaturesor(2)SeparateOtherClausesfromtheMainClauseWemayseparateotherclausesfromthemainclauseandrearrangethewordorder,renderingthemainclauseorthesubordinateclauseintoChineseindependentelement(獨(dú)立成分)orextra-positionelement(外位成分).Examples:Itisafamiliarfactthatnothinginnaturewilleitherstartorstopmovingofitself.自然界任何物體的運(yùn)動(dòng)都不會(huì)自行開始或自行停止運(yùn)動(dòng)，這是人所共知的事實(shí)。(2)SeparateOtherClausesfroItisfarmoreoftenthecasethatmetalsarecombinedchemicallywithoneormoreelements.金屬和一種或多種元素化合在一起，這種情況就更多了。WearefortifiedinourhopethattheeffortsofachievingthoseendswillbegreatlystrengthenedbythearrivialoftheChinesedelegation.中國代表團(tuán)的到達(dá)將大大加強(qiáng)為實(shí)現(xiàn)那些目標(biāo)的努力，對此我們抱有更大的希望。ItisfarmoreoftenthecaseSplittingoftheWholeSentenceDivisionisoftenneededtotranslatecolloquialexpressions,complexandlongsentences.ItshouldbenotedthatshorterexpressionsorsentencesaregenerallypreferredinChinese.Aftersingingaconcertinthiscity,hesaidhewantedtogreethisadmirersbackstageashealwaysdoes.他在那個(gè)城市舉行了一場音樂會(huì)。音樂會(huì)結(jié)束以后，他提出要像往常那樣到后臺(tái)去見見他的崇拜者。SplittingoftheWholeSentencItisflatteringtobelievethattheyaretooprofoundtobeexpressedsoclearlythatallwhorunmayread,andverynaturallyitdoesnotoccurtosuchwritersthatthefaultiswiththeirownmindswhichhavenotthefacultyofprecisereflection.認(rèn)為自己的思想深邃，不可能表達(dá)得很清楚，讓任何人都理解，這是一種虛榮的想法。這樣的作家當(dāng)然不會(huì)想到，問題還是出在自己的腦子缺乏精確思考的能力。Itisflatteringtobelieveth每年都有大批的外國旅游者來中國觀光，中國有許多著名的旅游點(diǎn)，比如長城就是一個(gè)有重大歷史意義的建筑物，桂林就是一個(gè)以不平凡的風(fēng)景而聞名的地方。Everyyear,agreatnumberofforeigntou