1、第六講介詞、介詞短語掌握介詞的基本意義，輕松應(yīng)考 示之以范 _原則這樣運(yùn)用1(2019·全國卷)This trend, which was started by the medical community(醫(yī)學(xué)界) _ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart diseasethe very thing the medical community was trying to fight.as解析：此處表示“作為一種與心臟病作

2、斗爭的方法”，故填as“作為”。2(2019·全國卷)Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat _their hands.with解析：with“用(工具)”，符合句意。3(2019·四川卷)The mother continued to care for the young panda _ more than two years.for解析：“for一段時(shí)間”作時(shí)間狀語，表示“持續(xù)了一段時(shí)間”。4(2019·全國

3、卷)Instead，Id headed straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin，its only an hour away _ car and offers all the scenery of the better­known city.by解析：乘坐交通工具常用by加可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式，by car“開車”。5(2019·全國卷)When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies._去掉第二個(gè)of解析：realize是及

4、物動(dòng)詞，其后直接跟賓語，of多余。6(2019·廣東七校第二次聯(lián)考)In October 1st, I went to Tiananmen Square with my parents, where we watched the flag­raising ceremony._InOn解析：考查介詞。介詞on表示在具體的某一天。 通關(guān)點(diǎn)擊 _原則這樣解讀1at, in, on表示時(shí)間(1)at表示某一時(shí)刻at 12：00(在12點(diǎn))，at noon(在中午), at night(在夜里), at midnight(在半夜), at dawn/daybreak(在黎明，破曉),

5、 at sunrise/sunset(在日出/日落), at dusk(在黃昏)。(2)in指上午、下午及晚上或月、年等較長的時(shí)間in the 1980s/1980s, in the Qing Dynasty, in October, in the morning/afternoon/evening。(3)on用于表示具體的日子或一個(gè)特定的時(shí)間(如：某日、某節(jié)日、星期幾等)on October 1st, on a rainy day, on National Day，on the morning of July 3rd。2by, before, after, until/till, durin

6、g, within表示時(shí)間(1)by指“到時(shí)(為止)”(2)before“在以前”(3)after“在后”(4)until/till指“直到為止”(5)during“在期間”(6)within“在之內(nèi)”He often falls asleep during the class, which makes his teacher very angry.他常常上課睡覺，這使他的老師很生氣。3between, among表示“在之間”between指“在之間(兩者之間)”，常和and連用；among表示“在之間(三者或三者以上)”。Keep the close relationship betwee

7、n teachers and students.保持親密的師生關(guān)系。4by, in, on, with表示“使用工具、手段、方式等”(1)by表示“乘，坐(交通工具)”或“通過方式”；(2)in當(dāng)“用”講時(shí)，后常接表示語言、材料等的詞；(3)with表示使用某種具體的工具、手段等。by bike, by taxi, by plane, by shipgo to school on my bike, on footHer parents always talk to her in German.她的父母總是用德語和她交談。We see with our eyes, hear with our e

8、ars, and walk with our legs.我們用眼睛看，用耳朵聽，用腿走路。5about, on表示“關(guān)于”about多用于表示內(nèi)容比較普通、不太正式的情形，on多指內(nèi)容屬于專門性的，是嚴(yán)肅的或?qū)W術(shù)性的，有時(shí)兩者可通用。He gave a report on/about the international situation at the meeting.他在會(huì)上做了一個(gè)關(guān)于國際形勢的報(bào)告。6from, since表示時(shí)間(1)from表示開始的時(shí)間，譯為“從開始”，多用于“from.to/till”結(jié)構(gòu)中；(2)since表示“自以后，從以來”。We work from Mon

9、day to Friday every week.我們每周從周一工作到周五。I havent heard from him since last year.自從去年，我就沒有收到過他的來信。7with的常見用法(表示關(guān)系)和一起；(表示狀態(tài))具有，帶有；(表示方式)用，憑借；(表示原因)由于，因?yàn)?。Would you like to go to the theatre with us?你愿意和我們一起去看戲嗎？The small child trembled with fear.那個(gè)小孩嚇得打哆嗦。8for的用法表示“為了；給，對(表示對象、用途等)；因?yàn)?，由于；向，?表示去向)；就而言”。

10、The biggest concern for most of us is the quality of public education.我們大多數(shù)人最關(guān)心的是大眾教育的質(zhì)量問題。9without的用法表示“沒有，缺乏；不和在一起；不用，不拿，不帶”。It is a pity that David is away on business. Anyhow, youve got a great deal of time to tour in New York without him.很遺憾，大衛(wèi)出差了。不管怎樣，你有大量時(shí)間可以單獨(dú)在紐約游覽。10against的用法(表示方位)倚靠著；(表示態(tài)

11、度)反對；(表示對比)以為背景。An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are against it.看來意見達(dá)成一致是不可能了，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)委員會(huì)成員都表示反對。11beyond的用法(表示位置)在另一邊，在更遠(yuǎn)處；(表示程度)超出，非所能及。Everybody was touched beyond words after they heard her moving story.聽了她感人的故事，大家都被感動(dòng)得無以言表。介詞用法不算難，固定搭配記心間 示之以范 _原則這樣

12、運(yùn)用1(2019·全國卷)Most of us are more focused _ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.on解析：be focused on意為“集中于”，為固定搭配。2(2019·天津卷)Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she gave voice _ her opinion on the subject.to解析：give voice to意為“表達(dá)，吐露，發(fā)泄”，為固定短語。3

13、(2019·天津卷)I hate it when she calls me at workIm always too busy to carry _ a conversation with her.on解析：carry on“繼續(xù)進(jìn)行，從事”，為固定短語。4(2019·昆明質(zhì)量檢測)A lack _ water can lead to health problems such as headaches, poor physical performance, and even more serious problems.of解析：考查固定搭配。a lack of為固定搭配，意

14、為“缺乏”。5(2019·全國卷)My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time._dreams后加of解析：dream of doing sth.“夢想做某事”，為固定用法。6(2019·福建福州八中高三質(zhì)檢)My experience has taught me that only if we attach great importance with cooperation, can we go beyond ourselves._withto解析：attach imp

15、ortance to意為“重視”，為固定搭配。 通關(guān)點(diǎn)擊 _原則這樣解讀1名詞與介詞搭配by accident偶然by chance碰巧on board在船上(或飛機(jī)上、火車上)on business因公出差on average平均in charge掌管，主管in particular特別，尤其，詳細(xì)地in place適當(dāng)?shù)?，恰?dāng)?shù)膇n the distance在遠(yuǎn)處in favo(u)r of贊成，支持in honour of為了紀(jì)念，對表示敬意in spite of盡管，雖然in turn依次，轉(zhuǎn)而in vain徒勞in memory of為紀(jì)念in return作為回報(bào)in order按

16、順序，處于良好狀態(tài)for instance例如，比如2動(dòng)詞與介詞搭配remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事rob sb. of sth.搶劫某人某物call at訪問(某地)call for要求，需要care about關(guān)心do harm to傷害fix ones eyes on注視get rid of免除，擺脫run out of用完come up with提出put forward提出make fun of取笑adapt to適應(yīng)refer to涉及，查閱come across(偶然)遇見pick up撿起，用車接(某人)，接收，偶然習(xí)得3形容詞與介詞搭配be curious a

17、bout對好奇be proud of因而自豪be popular with受到的歡迎be anxious about為憂慮be concerned about對擔(dān)心、憂慮be present at出席be absent from缺席be free from免于,學(xué)生用書P30 ) 單句語法填空1(2019·湖北武漢武昌區(qū)高三1月調(diào)考)Flowing from the Tibetan Plateau to the East China Sea, the Yangtze is a natural division _ north and south.between解析：由句意及句中的an

18、d可知，此處表示兩者(南和北)之間，用介詞between。2(2019·湖北華大聯(lián)盟高三2月質(zhì)檢)The theory of kung fu is based _ classical Chinese philosophy(哲學(xué))on/upon解析：base.on/upon.為固定搭配，意為“建立在基礎(chǔ)上”。3(2019·平頂山市調(diào)研)Another good reason _ reading books is that it is useful.for解析：在reason后面用for表示“的原因”，故填for。4(2019·太原二模)I said hello _

19、him, smiling sweetly and then I suddenly thought, “Why not offer him a piece of chocolate？”to解析：考查介詞。say hello to sb.意為“向某人問好”，符合語境，故用介詞to。5(2019·浙江臺(tái)州期末考試)It means that we cannot use some modern household items, _ washing machines and they use too much water.like/including解析：根據(jù)“some modern hous

20、ehold items”可知，此處表示舉例，故可填like“例如”，或填including，表示“包括”。6(2019·河南豫南九校質(zhì)量考評)My parents and teachers were surprised _ my bad performance.at解析：句意：我的父母和老師對我不好的表現(xiàn)感到很驚訝。be surprised at為固定短語，意為：對感到驚訝。7(2019·江西贛中南五校一模)Nowadays, millions _ lonely singles are now going online.of解析：句意：現(xiàn)在，數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的感到孤獨(dú)的單身們正在

21、上網(wǎng)。millions of為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為：數(shù)以百萬計(jì)的。8(2019·河南八市重點(diǎn)高中質(zhì)檢)Ocean currents changed _ the climate and probably led the fish into different areas.with解析：句意：洋流隨氣候變化而變化，并可能會(huì)把魚帶到不同的區(qū)域。with表示伴隨，意為：隨著。9(2019·河北正定中學(xué)月考)Sichuan is home _ pandas, also the starting point of the Southern Silk Road.to解析：句意：“be home

22、 to.”為固定句型，意為：是的故鄉(xiāng)、產(chǎn)地。10(2019·山東師大附中二模)She said her name was Miss Bai She and kindly offered to show me _ the city.around解析：句意：她說她名叫白蛇小姐并熱心地主動(dòng)提出帶我參觀這座城市。show sb.around sp.為固定短語，意為：帶某人參觀某地。 單句改錯(cuò)1(2019·鄭州第一次質(zhì)量預(yù)測)Last weekend we went for camping in the mountains with our teacher, Anna._刪除for解

23、析：考查固定搭配。go camping表示“野營”，故介詞for多余。2(2019·貴陽檢測)But the butcher refused and even argued that it wouldnt do harm her health._her前加to解析：考查介詞。do harm to為固定搭配，意為“對有危害”，故加介詞to。3(2019·江西南昌調(diào)研)Under his help, we have learned immediately how to analyze and settle problems._UnderWith解析：with ones help

24、為固定搭配，意為“在某人的幫助下”，故將Under改為With。4(2019·河南豫南九校質(zhì)量考評)Firstly, you can share with efficient learning experience to promote your English study._去掉with解析：句意：首先，你們可以分享高效的學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)來促進(jìn)你們的英語學(xué)習(xí)。share sth. with sb.與某人分享某物。本句中share后為分享的內(nèi)容，故將with刪除。5(2019·湖北襄陽第一次調(diào)研)They say they have learned what is not taug

25、ht in textbooks and have got a great deal practice._deal后加of解析：句意：他們說他們學(xué)到了在教材中沒有的內(nèi)容并得到了很多實(shí)踐。a great deal of為固定短語，意為：許多。6(2019·山東臨沂一模)If you find a position at there, Im sure youll have a rapid improvement in both your character and ability._去掉at解析：句意：如果你在那里找到一個(gè)職位，我確信你會(huì)在品質(zhì)和能力上都會(huì)有迅速的提升。there為副詞，可

26、單獨(dú)作狀語，故將at刪除。7(2019·山西晉商四校聯(lián)考)In Sunday morning, Li Lin was about to study when his father came up and advised him to have a break._InOn解析：句意：在周日上午，李林剛要學(xué)習(xí)這時(shí)他父親走了過來建議他休息一會(huì)兒。表示“在具體某天的上午、下午或晚上”時(shí)，需用介詞on而非in。8(2019·福建龍巖3月質(zhì)檢)Cell phones are much easier for us to take notes and more convenient to

27、search what we need._search后加for解析：句意：我們使用手機(jī)做筆記更容易些，使用手機(jī)搜尋我們需要的東西更方便。search for搜尋；search搜身。根據(jù)本句意思可知需將search后加for。 短文改錯(cuò)(2019·安徽師大附中高三階段性測試)This morning, I got an email from the library. It said the book I reserved was ready to be picking up. Because I had always been waiting to read it, so at that moment I was very exciting. Outside the library, I sa