中考英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)詳細(xì)歸類表動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)是英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的核心支柱之一，也是中考英語(yǔ)考查的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)。準(zhǔn)確理解并靈活運(yùn)用不同的時(shí)態(tài)，對(duì)于同學(xué)們提升閱讀理解能力、規(guī)范書(shū)面表達(dá)至關(guān)重要。下面，我們將針對(duì)中考英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)進(jìn)行一次系統(tǒng)的梳理與歸類，希望能為大家的備考提供清晰的指引。一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(SimplePresentTense)*基本構(gòu)成：*主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)：動(dòng)詞原形+s/es(如works,teaches,watches)*其他人稱：動(dòng)詞原形(如work,teach,watch)*否定式：don't/doesn't+動(dòng)詞原形*疑問(wèn)式：Do/Does+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形？*常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never,everyday/week/month/year,onceaweek,onSundays等。*典型用法示例：*習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作：ShereadsEnglisheverymorning.*客觀事實(shí)：Theearthgoesaroundthesun.*狀態(tài)描述：Myfatherisadoctor.*按計(jì)劃發(fā)生：Thetrainleavesat8o'clocktomorrowmorning.(少數(shù)動(dòng)詞)二、一般過(guò)去時(shí)(SimplePastTense)*核心含義：表示過(guò)去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，動(dòng)作已完成。*基本構(gòu)成：*規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞原形+ed(如worked,played,visited)*不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞：需熟記其過(guò)去式(如went,saw,ate,did)*否定式：didn't+動(dòng)詞原形*疑問(wèn)式：Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形？*常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek/month/year,...ago,justnow,in2008(具體過(guò)去時(shí)間),then,atthattime等。*典型用法示例：*過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作：Iwenttotheparkwithmyfriendsyesterday.*過(guò)去存在的狀態(tài)：Hewasverythinwhenhewasachild.*帶有明確過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作：Shefinishedherhomeworkanhourago.三、一般將來(lái)時(shí)(SimpleFutureTense)*核心含義：表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，或計(jì)劃、打算做某事。*基本構(gòu)成：*Will/Shall+動(dòng)詞原形(Shall多用于第一人稱I/We，口語(yǔ)中常被will替代)*Begoingto+動(dòng)詞原形(表示計(jì)劃、打算或有跡象表明即將發(fā)生)*否定式：won't/shan't+動(dòng)詞原形；benotgoingto+動(dòng)詞原形*疑問(wèn)式：Will/Shall+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形？；Be+主語(yǔ)+goingto+動(dòng)詞原形？*常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,nextweek/month/year,soon,in+一段時(shí)間(如inthreedays),later,someday等。*典型用法示例：*單純將來(lái)：IwillvisitmygrandparentsnextSunday./IamgoingtovisitmygrandparentsnextSunday.*計(jì)劃打算：Sheisgoingtostudyabroadafterfinishinghighschool.*預(yù)測(cè)：Lookatthedarkclouds.Itisgoingtorain.四、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(PresentContinuousTense)*核心含義：表示此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行但說(shuō)話時(shí)不一定正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。*基本構(gòu)成：*Am/Is/Are+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(V-ing)*否定式：Am/Is/Are+not+V-ing*疑問(wèn)式：Am/Is/Are+主語(yǔ)+V-ing？*常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：now,atthemoment,look!,listen!,thesedays,recently等。*典型用法示例：*此時(shí)此刻正在進(jìn)行：Listen!Someoneissinginginthenextroom.五、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(PastContinuousTense)*核心含義：表示過(guò)去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間點(diǎn)或時(shí)間段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。*基本構(gòu)成：*Was/Were+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(V-ing)*否定式：Was/Were+not+V-ing*疑問(wèn)式：Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+V-ing？*常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：at8o'clocklastnight,from7to9yesterdaymorning,when,while,as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句（主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)，從句動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行）等。*典型用法示例：*過(guò)去特定時(shí)間點(diǎn)正在進(jìn)行：Iwasdoingmyhomeworkatnineo'clocklastnight.*過(guò)去時(shí)間段內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行：Theywereplayingbasketballfrom4to5yesterdayafternoon.*與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用（when/while）：Hewasreadingabookwhenthephonerang.六、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(PresentPerfectTense)*核心含義：表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。*基本構(gòu)成：*Have/Has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(V-ed)*否定式：Have/Has+not+V-ed(haven't/hasn't)*疑問(wèn)式：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+V-ed？*常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：already,yet,just,ever,never,before,recently,lately,sofar,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,since+過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句,for+時(shí)間段等。*典型用法示例：*過(guò)去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響：Ihavefinishedmyhomework,soIcanwatchTVnow.*過(guò)去開(kāi)始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作/狀態(tài)：Wehavelivedinthiscityfortenyears./Hehasbeenateachersince2005.*表示經(jīng)歷或經(jīng)驗(yàn)：ShehaseverbeentoParis.七、過(guò)去完成時(shí)(PastPerfectTense)(中考常作為理解內(nèi)容，寫(xiě)作中亦有涉及)*核心含義：表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)動(dòng)作或時(shí)間點(diǎn)之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。*基本構(gòu)成：*Had+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(V-ed)*否定式：Had+not+V-ed(hadn't)*疑問(wèn)式：Had+主語(yǔ)+V-ed？*常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：by+過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn),before+過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)/從句,when,until等，常與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用，明確動(dòng)作的先后順序。*典型用法示例：*過(guò)去的過(guò)去完成：WhenIarrivedatthecinema,thefilmhadalreadystarted.(我到電影院是過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，電影開(kāi)始是在我到之前，即過(guò)去的過(guò)去)*Bytheendoflastterm,wehadlearnedmorethan1000newwords.八、將來(lái)完成時(shí)(FuturePerfectTense)(中考涉及較少，了解即可)*核心含義：表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作。*基本構(gòu)成：*Willhave+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(V-ed)*否定式：Willnothave+V-ed(won'thave)*疑問(wèn)式：Will+主語(yǔ)+have+V-ed？*常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：by+將來(lái)時(shí)間點(diǎn)(如bynextFriday,bytheendofthisyear)*典型用法示例：*Bythistimenextyear,Iwillhavegraduatedfrommiddleschool.溫馨提示與學(xué)習(xí)建議1.語(yǔ)境優(yōu)先：時(shí)態(tài)的選擇務(wù)必結(jié)合具體的語(yǔ)境和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，不能孤立記憶。2.對(duì)比辨析：注意區(qū)分易混淆的時(shí)態(tài)，如一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)等。例如，一般過(guò)去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，與現(xiàn)在無(wú)直接聯(lián)系；現(xiàn)