選擇性必修第四冊

Unit6

Spaceandbeyond

?主題語境：人與自然（探索宇宙奧秘）

自主學(xué)習(xí)夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)

Part1單元詞匯....................分類自測

6.discoveradistantgalaxy

發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)遙遠(yuǎn)的星系

7.studycosmicrays研究宇

1.undertheshadowoffear布恐怖的陰

宙射線

閱讀影中

8.avaguenotion—個(gè)模糊

詞匯2.seasonwithpepper用胡椒粉調(diào)味

的概念

3.apleasantexcursion?次令人愉快

9.themusclesofthelowerback

語境的短途出行

腰部的肌肉

識意4.rekindlehopes重新激起希望

lO.thespaceshuttle航天飛

5.anglethetelescope斜置望遠(yuǎn)鏡

機(jī)

1Labrand-newdisc一張嶄

新的光盤

第一組；動(dòng)詞變形7.exceptionn.例外

1.suspendv.中止，暫停fsuspension-exceptionaladj.異常的；特別

心暫緩；懸浮的funexceptionaladj.平常的

2.submitv.提交一submission提交；8.visibleadj.看得見的

拓展

屈服fvisibilityn.能見度；明顯性

詞匯

3.conceivev.構(gòu)想，設(shè)想conceivablefinvisibleadj.看不見的

。的.可想象的；可信的一conceivablyadv.visionn.視力；視野

變形

可以相信地；可想象地9.notionn.概念；觀點(diǎn);看法

拼寫

4.kindlev.點(diǎn)燃；激起frekindlev.重一notionaladj.猜測的；估計(jì)的

新激起，重新喚起1().hazardn.危險(xiǎn)；危害f

5.simulatev.模仿；假裝一simulatedadj.hazardous〃切.危險(xiǎn)的，不安全

模仿的，模擬的，仿真的fsimulator〃.（用的

于人員訓(xùn)練的）模擬裝置，模擬器11.tragedyn.悲慘的事；悲劇

fsimulationn.仿真，模擬tragic。的.悲慘的；悲劇的

第二組：名詞、形容詞變形-^tragicallyado.悲慘地,不幸地

6.awcn.敬畏；驚嘆fawesomeadj.很好12.instantaneous4力.立即的；瞬

的，了不起的fawful〃力.很壞的:極討間的finstantaneously〃曲.瞬間

厭的地

?掌握規(guī)律?詞匯拓展，

名詞后綴-ology表示“……學(xué)”。

①biology生物學(xué)ecology生態(tài)學(xué)②sociology社會學(xué)psychology心理學(xué)

?archaeology考古學(xué)

?geology地質(zhì)學(xué)zoology動(dòng)物學(xué)

1.(2024?新課標(biāo)II卷)“Wewantedto8.Allergiesmakemesneeze(sneeze)

dosomethingwherewedoacalltoalotduringthespringtimebecause

artistsintheBayArealosubmitofthepollen.

(submit)storiesforacontest,“Trost9.Itwasannouncedthatthemeeting

says.wassuspended(suspend)dueto

2.(2024?全國甲卷)Theywerepartofatechnicaldifficulties.

核心

15-memberexploringpartythathadlO.Beingexceptionalwisdomdoes

詞匯

spentalmostfiveawesome(awe)notnecessarilymeanbeing

weeksinwitnessofthenaturalsuccessfuLForinstance,withvery

單句

beautiesthere.fewexceptions,mostmembersofthe

應(yīng)用

3.(2024-全國甲卷)DogsareknownMensasocietyforpeoplewithhigh

fortheirimpressivefetching(fetch)IQsremain

habit,butcatstakethisbehaviorupaunexceptional,(exception)

notch.11.Hostsofcharactersdiedtragically

4.Heangled(angle)hischairsothatinmanyShakespeare'stragedies

hecouldsitandwatchher.becauseofthosetragic

5.Shehadonlyavaguenotionincidents.(tragedy)

(notional)ofwhatmighthappen.12.Catshavesogoodnightvision

6.1bmakethetrainingrealistic,thethatmanythingsarevisibletothem

simulation(simulate)operatesinrealatnightwhichareinvisibleior

time.humanwiththenakedcyc.(vision)

學(xué)生用書第304頁3.Althoughsomethingawful

lappenedtomytripinthe

7.Thelittlegirlwasscreaming

Ibeginning,Istillthinkitwasan

(scream)withjoywhenshesawher

riwesomeexperience.(awe)

birthdaycake.

Part2短語句式......................教材精選

【.選擇合適的短語并用其正確形式填空

becomposedof,beengagedin,takeoff,tuncin,reachforthestars,questfor,

castashadowon,becomeaccustomedto,setfooton,inreality,stayfit?bringsth

tosb'sattention,one'sheartinone'smouth,signupfor

1.Inrealitytstudyingforexamsrequiresalotoftimeandeffortfromstudents.

2.Sheisonaquestfortheperfectrecipetoimpressherfriendsatdinner.

3.Hedidn'twanttocastashadowontheirhappiness.

4.Hesignedupforacookingclasstoimprovehisculinaryskillslastsummer.

5.Theairplanelookoffsmoothlyandheadedtowardsitsdestinationinthesky.

6.Teenagersshouldbebannedfromsmoking,becauseoncetheirbodiesbecome

addictedtonicotine,theywillbecomeaccustomedloit.

7.TheexplorersfailedtosetfootonthelandofAntarcticaduetoextreme

weather.

8.Thecommitteeiscomposedofdoctors,scholarsandaveragepersons.

9.Youcanstartnowtotuneintoyourownphysical,socialandspiritualneeds.

10.Aftergraduatingfromcollege,hewasengagedinforeigntrade.

n.根據(jù)所給漢語和要求完成下面的句子

1.農(nóng)民給蔬菜澆了水，我們都上去看看木制水車是如何工作的。(獨(dú)立主格

結(jié)構(gòu))

巧歸納

(l)submitsthto...把某物呈遞給...

(2)submitto向...屈服

submitoneselfto服從；甘受

?Shedecidedtoresignfromthepartyratherthansubmitherselftothenewrules.

?Anyonewhowantstoparticipateshouldgetanapplicationsubmitted(submit)

tomebeforethedeadline.

③［讀后續(xù)寫之場景描寫1認(rèn)識到他們的不利地位，另一方不情愿地接受了他

們的敵人提出的條件。

Recognizingthedisadvantageoftheirposition,theotherpartyunwillingly

submittedlothelermsproposedbytheirenemy.

④(2024?九省聯(lián)考應(yīng)用文寫作)Lastly,theessayshouldbenomorethan300

wordsandmustbesubmitted(submit)bynextFriday.

E］becomeaccustomedto...習(xí)慣于...

巧歸納

accustomed通常的，習(xí)慣于

be/become/getaccustomedto(doing)sth習(xí)慣于(做)某事

be/become/getusedto(doing)sth

習(xí)慣于(做)某事

?Whiletheyoungergenerationsprefertocommunicatevisually,forthose

accustomedtoworking(work)withtraditionaltoolslikeemail,itmayfeellikea

learningcurve.

②［讀后續(xù)寫之人物心理狀態(tài)描寫］已經(jīng)習(xí)慣在農(nóng)村生活了，史密斯先生發(fā)現(xiàn)

暫停這種狀態(tài)去城市生活很難。

Accustomedtolivinginthecountryside,Mr.Smithfoundithardtosuspendthis

lifeandliveinthecity.

③(2023?新課標(biāo)I卷)Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotused(use)to

oneanotherandformedIheirownecosystem.

④［中國元素1春芾期間，中國家庭習(xí)慣于聚在一起吃團(tuán)圓飯，許多人都習(xí)慣

了這個(gè)象征著家庭團(tuán)聚和新年伊始的傳統(tǒng)。

DuringtheSpringFestival,itiscustomaryforChinesefamiliestogatherfor

reuniondinners,andmanyarcaccustomedtothistraditionthatsymbolizesfamily

unityandthestartofanewyear.

Part2經(jīng)典句式......................寫作遷移

■句型公式：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

巧歸納

（1）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)在句中作狀語，修飾謂語或整個(gè)句子，可置于句首、句中或

句末，用逗號與主句隔開，表時(shí)間、原因、伴隨狀態(tài)等。

（2）其結(jié)構(gòu)為“名詞或代詞+非謂語動(dòng)詞”，“名詞或代詞+形容詞/副詞/介詞

短語”。

①［讀后續(xù)寫之情感動(dòng)作描寫］Shehuggedthecaringchildrentightly，hereyes

floodedwithtears（眼睛里充滿了淚水）.

②［讀后續(xù)寫之情節(jié)動(dòng)作描寫］Thechildleadingtheway（孩子領(lǐng)著路），they

hadnotroublefindingthehouse.

③［讀后續(xù)寫之情感動(dòng)作描寫］聽到他們的計(jì)劃，男孩高興地跳了起來，幸福

和感激的淚水涌上雙眼。

Hearingiheirplan,theboyjumpedforjoy,［earsofhappinessandgraiiiude

wellingupinhiseyes.

學(xué)生用書第306頁

④［中國元素］霧氣從河流上升起，山巒在背景中巍峨聳立，為這幅古代中國

山水畫創(chuàng)造了一種寧靜的氛圍。

Themislrisingfromiheriver,themountainsstoodmajesticallyinthebackground,

creatingacalmatmosphereintheancientChineselandscapepainting.

Part3語境辨義......................舉一反三

I.熟詞生義（寫出句中加黑詞匯的詞性及漢語意思）

1.Thepaintingisexpectedtofetchatleast$20million.o.售得，賣得

2.Thereweretobefiveteamsofthreecrewingtheboat.」.（在...）當(dāng)船員

3.Thankstotheangleatwhichhestood,hecouldseethesunset.幾角度

4.（2024?新課標(biāo)I卷）Johnsonbeganwritingaboutsportsasasecond-year

studentattheUniversityofColorado,coveringhighschoolvolleyballgamesforhis

hometownnewspapcr.v.yfeifi

5.（2024?新課標(biāo)II卷）However,mostproduceatthestorewentthroughweeksof

travelandcoveredhundredsofmilesbeforereachingthetable.".跨越（一段距離）

6.（2024?新課標(biāo)［卷）Audio（音頻）andvideocanfeelmoreengagingthantext,

andsouniversityteachersincreasinglyturntothesetechnologies一say,assigningan

onlinetalkinsteadofanarticlebythesameperson.。.比方說

7.（2024?新課標(biāo)I卷）1dreamedofenteringcycleracesuntilIflewtoSanDiego

tovisitmysister.u.報(bào)名參加

I【.一詞多義（選出下列單詞在句中的正確釋義）

1.shadow

A.幾陰影，影子B.〃.模糊的輪廓，圖像

C.。.使變暗，遮蔽D.0.跟蹤，盯梢

①Thesuncastlongshadowsinthelateafternoon.A

②Thetallbuildingshadowsthestreetbelow.C

（3）Thedetectiveshadowedthesuspecttogatherevidence.D

2.suspend

A.。.暫停，中止B.仇延緩，推遲

C.。.懸掛，吊起D.現(xiàn)使暫停職

@Alampwassuspendedfromtheceiling.C

②Thecompanywasforcedtosuspendoperationsduetothepandemic.A

③Themeetinghasbeensuspendeduntilfurthernotice.B

隨堂鞏固

I.語篇語境綜合練（語境創(chuàng)新——詞匯再練）

Livinginspaceisan1.awesome（awe）experience.Astronautsmustbecome

accustomed2.toadifferentwayoflife.Thenotionoffloatinginspacesoundsexciting,

butitisnotalwaysunexceptional.Thespaceshuttlelakes3.thecrewtospace,where

theyoftenfacechallenges.

4.Tragically(tragic),accidentscancastashadowonspacemissions.Once,a

malfunctionledtoacrashthatleftfamilies5.screaming(scream)inhorror.In

microgravity,itemsremainsuspendedintheair,whichcanbequiteamusingyetrisky.

Seeingtheworldv/iththenakedeyefromspaceis6.stimulating(stimulate),

offeringviewsthatarenotavailablefromEarth.Astronautsmustlearn7.toangle(angle)

theirbodiestofetchitemsfloatingaround.8.Conceivably(conceivable),humansmight

onedayliveonMars.

學(xué)生用書第307頁

Trainingformissionsisnotstraightforward.Everydaytaskssuchasbrushingteeth,

9.sneezing(sneeze),andmuscleexercisesarechallenging.Scientistsworkhardto

createlifelikeenvironmentstohelpastronautsprepare.SpaceremainsaIQ.fetching

(fetch)frontier,filledwithbothriskandwonder.

n.真題難句拓展練(剖析長句——精準(zhǔn)翻譯)

1.(2023?浙江1月卷)I'velearnedafewthingsalongthewaythough,whichI

hopeyou'llfindencouragingifyou'redoingyourbesttofigureouthowyoucanmake

thechangeinanot-always-supportivehousehold.

［剖析I本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。句子主干為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)I'velearnedafewthings。

which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代前面整個(gè)句子；if引導(dǎo)狀語從句；how引導(dǎo)

賓語從句。

I翻譯］然而，在這一過程中，我也學(xué)到了一些東西。如果你正盡最大努力

想出如何在?個(gè)并不總是支持你的家庭中做出改變的話，我希望你能從中得到鼓

2.(2021?全國甲卷)Once,whentryingacertaintrickonthebeam(橫桿)，Ifell

ontothestones,damaginganerveinmyhand,andTobycameover,helpingmeup：

Safe,man.Safe.

［剖析］本句是and連接的并列句°and前面的分句主干為主謂結(jié)構(gòu)Ifellonto

thestones；whentrying相當(dāng)于狀語從句的省略結(jié)構(gòu)；damaginganerveinmyhand

為結(jié)果狀語。and后為簡單句；helpingmeup為伴隨狀語。

［翻譯］有一次，我嘗試在橫桿上做一個(gè)動(dòng)作，結(jié)果摔倒在石頭上，傷到了

手上的一根神經(jīng)；托比走過來把我扶起來：小心點(diǎn)，兄弟。小心點(diǎn)。

情境遷移

I.應(yīng)用文寫作增分練一外太空（參觀南京紫金山天文臺）

結(jié)合本單元話題，用單元詞匯、經(jīng)典句型完成下面的應(yīng)用文寫作并背誦。

［基礎(chǔ)語料］

單元awesome,rekindle,instantaneously,scream,lifelike,galaxy,invisible,

詞匯becomeaccustomedto

經(jīng)典so...that...句型;asif句型;guided動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語；that引導(dǎo)定語從句；

句型allowing動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語；on/upondoing結(jié)構(gòu)

［情境呈現(xiàn)］

你校組織同學(xué)們參觀了紫金山天文臺（PurpleHillsObservatory）,請你以Atrip

toPurpleHillsObservatory寫一篇文章給學(xué)校英文報(bào)投稿，講述參觀經(jīng)歷并發(fā)表感

想。

［思路點(diǎn)撥］

人稱以第一人稱為主

時(shí)態(tài)以一般過去時(shí)為主

內(nèi)容要第一段引出主題（概括話題）一第二段介紹具體參觀內(nèi)容和細(xì)節(jié)一結(jié)尾表

點(diǎn)線索達(dá)感想

［寫作輸出］

AtriptoPurpleHillsObservatory

VisitingthePurpleHillsObservatoryinNanjingwasreallyanawesome

experience.

(1)On/Uponenteringtheobservatory,——進(jìn)入天文臺；on/upondoing結(jié)構(gòu))，the

lightsdimmed,andinstantaneously,abreathtakingdisplayofstarsfilledthe

ceiling.(2)ThevisualsweresolifelikethatitfeltasifIwastransportedintothegalaxy

ilself(視覺效果是如此逼真,以至于我感覺好像被傳送到了銀河系本身；lifelike,

galaxy;so...that...句型；asif句型).(3)Thcnguidedbyanenthusiasticastronomer,wc

exploredthemysteriesofthecosmos(然后在一位熱心的天文學(xué)家的指導(dǎo)卜，我們探

索了宇宙的奧秘；guided動(dòng)詞-ed形式作狀語).Theimagesofdistantgalaxies(4)that

onceseemedinvisible（曾經(jīng)似乎是看不見的；invisible；ihat引導(dǎo)定語從句）were

displayedonthegiantscreens,leavingusinastateofwonderandscreamingin

amazement.

Seriously,thisjourneyrekindledmyfascination

學(xué)生用書第308頁

forthecosmos,（5）allowingmetobecomeaccustomedto（hemagnificenceof

theunivcrse（讓我習(xí)慣了宇宙的壯麗；becomeaccustomedto;allowing動(dòng)詞-ing形式

作狀語）.

［變式表達(dá)］

根據(jù)本文最后一句話的意思填空，保持意義基本一致。

Truly,thistriphasstimulatedmypassionforthecosmos,helpingmegrow

familiarwithiheuniverse'ssplendor.

n.讀后續(xù)寫微點(diǎn)練一愛心人捐贈（景色描寫）

I基礎(chǔ)語料1

scenic風(fēng)景如畫的

picturesque風(fēng)景如畫的

breathtaking壯觀的

starrysky滿天繁星

stunning極美的

詞匯

snow-cappedmountains白雪皚皚的山峰

rollinghills連綿起伏的山丘

naturalbeauty自然風(fēng)光

landscapeview風(fēng)景

sceneryspot景點(diǎn)

句式not...more表示最高級；強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語

l.Themoonshinesbrightlyinthenightsky.

細(xì)節(jié)月亮在夜空中閃耀。

描寫2.Thepanoramicviewfromthetopofthemountainwasbreathtaking.

山頂?shù)娜傲钊藝@為觀止。

3.Thepicturesquecountrysideremindedherofaclassicpainting.

這個(gè)如詩如畫的鄉(xiāng)村讓她想起了一幅經(jīng)典畫作。

4.Thesunsetcreatedadramaticdisplayofcolorsovertheocean.

海洋上的日落呈現(xiàn)出戲劇性的色彩展示。

5.Thestunningwaterfallwashiddenawayintheheartofthejungle.

這個(gè)極美的瀑布隱藏在叢林深處。

［情境呈現(xiàn)］

家中物品多，需要處理-＞舉辦庭院拍賣-*兒子Braxton想賣檸檬水?dāng)€錢買樂

高f家庭準(zhǔn)備拍賣和檸檬水站f拍賣開始，但Braxton的檸檬水未開張f一位女

士購買玩具，慷慨給Braxton找零家人感嘆女士的善舉一...

［思路點(diǎn)撥］

文體：記敘文人稱：第一、三人稱時(shí)態(tài)：一般過去時(shí)為主

續(xù)寫思路：根據(jù)所給首句Severalminutespassedandthewomanreturned.可知，接

下來要寫我們會思考女士返回的原因以及她的行為表現(xiàn)等。

［寫作輸出］

Severalminutespassedandthewomanreturned."Isthereanythingwrong?"1

thoughttomyself.(1)1actuallythoughtshemighthavechangedhermindandwanteda

cupolleinonade(我實(shí)際上認(rèn)為她可能改變了主意，想耍一杯檸檬水).(2)O「course,

Icouldn'thavebeenmorewrong(當(dāng)然,我大錯(cuò)特錯(cuò)了；not...more表示最高

級).(3)Shewascarryinganenvelopethistime(她這次帶著一個(gè)信封).Shehandeditto

usandsaid,“IlisforBraxton.And(4)1dohopeihalitcanhelphimwilhhiswish(我

真的希望它能幫助他實(shí)現(xiàn)他的愿望；強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語)Wethankedherandshewalked

away.(5)Weocenedtheenvelopeaftersheleftandfounda$10()billinit(她走后我們

打開信封，發(fā)現(xiàn)里面有一張100美元的鈔票).

［變式表達(dá)1

用動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語作狀語改寫最后一句。

HavingopenedIheenvelopealtersheleft,wefounda$100billinit.

一、對應(yīng)學(xué)生

單兀測評42Unit6Spaceandbeyond甬至久「

（時(shí)間：30分鐘滿分：35分）

（本欄目內(nèi)容在學(xué)生用書中以活頁形式分冊裝訂?。?/p>

I.閱讀理解（本題共8個(gè)小題；每小題2.5分，共20分）

A

（2（）25?武漢二調(diào)）

Ifyouliveonthisplanet,there'sadecentchanceyou'veseentheclassicStar

TrekEpisode,inwhichCaptainKirkandseveralmembersfindthemselvesinwhat

appearstobeanotheruniverse.

Thesedays,itseemstheideaofthemultiverse—manyworlds—ishavingits

Hollywoodmoment.Itsappealasastorytellingdeviceisobvious-charactersexplorea

multi-worldwithvaryingdegreesofsimilaritytoourown,aswellasdifferentversions

ofthemselves.Hence,ithasbeenfullyestablishedinmainstreampopculture.

WhileHollywoodcan'tseemtogetenoughofthemultiverse,itremainsdeeply

controversialamongscientists.Advocatesonthetwosidesshownomercytowardeach

otherintheirbooks,ontheirblogs.Butphysicistsdidn'tpulltheideaoutofthin

air—rather,severaldistinctlinesofreasoningseemtopointtothemultiverse's

existence.However,criticswarnthatmakingthemultiverselegalcouldmakeitharder

forthepublictodistinguishspeculative（推測T生的）theoriesfromestablishedfact,

makingitmoredifficulttokeeppseudo-science（偽科學(xué)）atbay.Givingcredittosuch

speculationrisksuturningfundamentalphysicsintopseudo-sciencen.

Themultiversecontroversyisrootedintheideaoftestability.Ifwecan'tinteract

withtheseotheruniverses,ordetecttheminanyway,someexpertsinsistthatreduces

themtomerephilosophicalspeculation.ButCarroll,anadvocatefor“manyworlds”，

arguesdialmalhciiialicsisthelanguagedescribingourphysicalllicoiits.Since

Schrdinger'sequation（方程），onwhichquantum（量子）mechanicrests,predictsthe

existenceofmanyworlds,sobeit.

Couldamoreexpansiveviewoftheuniverseitselfbethenextbreakthrough?As

Siegfriedputsit:uEverytimeinthepastthatwe'vethought,'We'vegotit;thisis

whatthewholeuniverseis'—thepeoplewho'vesaid,'Maybethere'smorethanone

ofthose,havealwaysturnedouttoberight.v

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文。雖然近來好萊塢似乎對多元宇宙欲罷不

能，但它在科學(xué)家看來仍然存在著很大的爭議。

1.WhyisHollywoodsooccupiedwiththemultiverse?

A.Itmakesforengagingplots.

B.Itisamuch-talked-abouttopic.

C.Itishelpfultopopularizescience.

D.Itdominatesthemainstreampopculture.

答案：A

解析:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Itsappealasastorytellingdeviceis

obvious—charactersexploreamulti-worldwithvaryingdegreesofsimilaritytoour

own,aswellasdifferentversionsofthemselves.n可知，將多元宇宙作為一種講故

事的手段，非常具有吸引力。由此可知，好萊塢執(zhí)著于多元宇宙，是因?yàn)樗幸?/p>

人入勝的情節(jié)。故選A。

2.WhatdoestheunderlinedphraseinParagraph3probablymean?

A.Outofdate.B.Outofplace.

C.Outofnowhere.D.Outofquestion.

答案：C

解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線短語后面的"rather,severaldistinctlinesof

reasoningseemtopointtothemultiverse'sexistence"可知，有推理路線證明多元宇

宙是存在的，由此可推知，這是有道理的，物理學(xué)家提出這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)并不是無中生

有/突然冒出來的。outofthinair意為“憑空地，無中生有地”，C選項(xiàng)和畫線短

語意思相近。故選C。

3.Accordinglotheoppuneuls,thebasicstandardoffundaineiilalphysicsis

that.

A.itcanbedetectedsomehow

B.itcanbereasonedlogically

C.itcanbeinterpretedphilosophically

D.itcanbepredictedbymathematicsequation

答案：A

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“However,criticswarnthatmakingthe

multiverselegalcouldmakeit...Givingcredittosuchspeculationrisks*turning

fundamentalphysicsintopseudo-science.”可知，批評者認(rèn)為讓多元宇宙合法

化可能會使公眾難以區(qū)分推測性理論和既定事實(shí)，相信這種推測有可能導(dǎo)致基礎(chǔ)

物理學(xué)變成偽科學(xué)。由此可推知，基礎(chǔ)物理學(xué)是以既定事實(shí)為基礎(chǔ)的，能以某種

方式被發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選A。

4.Whatmightbetheauthor'sattitudetowardIhemultiverse?

A.Doubtful.B.Dismissive.

C.Unclear.D.Approving.

答案：D

解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第四段中的“SinceSchrdingedsequation（方程）,cn

whichquantum（量子）mechanicrests,predictstheexistenceofmanyworlds,sobeit.

和最后一段可知，作者認(rèn)為既然有理論預(yù)測了許多世界的存在，那就順其自然吧，

那些說“那其中也許不止一個(gè)”的人總是被證明是對的。由此可推知，作者對

多元宇宙的概念持支持態(tài)度。故選D。

B

（2025?天域全國名校協(xié)作體聯(lián)考）

Withthefastdevelopmentofastronomy,astronomersareeagertofindahintof

thefamiliar:planetsthatresembleEarth.Bypushingtechnologytothelimits,

astronomersarerapidlyapproachingthedaywhentheycanfindanotherEarth.

Themostdirectapproachistotakeapictureofitwithatelescope.However,a

moreeffectivewayistouse“theDopplertechnique".Thisinvolvesanalyzingstarlight

lorevidencethatthestar'siiiovciiicnlisaffectedbythegravilalioiialpullofa

planet.Nowadays,astronomerscantellwhenaplanetispullingitsstarbyonlyone

meterasecond-abouthumanwalkingspeed.That'senoughtodetectagiantplanetin

abigorbit,orasmallplanetifit'sclosetoitsstar.

Anotherapproachistowatchastarforaslightdipinitsbrightness.Thisoccurs

whenanorbitingplanetpassesinfrontofthestarandblockspariofitslight.Atmost,a

tenthofallplanetarysystemsareorientedsothatthesemini-eclipses（日食）一called

iransits（凌日）—arevisiblefromEarth.So,astronomershavetomonitoralotofstarsto

capturejustafewtransits.

ThedrcamofastronomersistodiscoverarockyplanetroughlythesizeofEarth

orbitinginahabitablezone,onethatisneithertoohotnortoocoldtosupportlife.If

theysucceed,theywillhavefoundwhatbiologistsbelievecouldbeapromising

residenceforlife.

Thebestplacestolookmaybedwarfstars.Smallerthanthesun,dwarfstarsare

plentiful;sevenofthetenstarsnearesttoEartharedwarfstars.Theyalsoprovidea

steadysupplyofsunlighttoanylife-bearingplanetswithintheirhabitable

zone.Additionally,dwarfstarsaredim,sothehabitablezoneliescloserin.Iftheplanet

isclosertothestar,it'seasierforastronomerstodetectatransitobservation.Aclose-in

planetalsohasastrongerpullonitsstar.ThatmakesiteasiertodetectwiththeDoppler

method.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了天文學(xué)家尋找類地行星

的方法和目標(biāo)，科學(xué)家們使用望遠(yuǎn)鏡、多普勒技術(shù)和監(jiān)測恒星光度變化等方法來

尋找類地行星。

5.AccordingtoParagraphtwo,astronomersanalyzestarlightwiththeaimof

finding.

A.wherewecandetectagiantorbit

B.whyasmallplanetisclosetoitsstars

C.whetherthemotionofthestarsischanged

D.howstrongthepowerofthegravitationalpullis

答案：C

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題c根據(jù)第二段中”...istouse4theDopplertechnique*.This

involvesanalyzingstarlightforevidencethatthestar'smovementisaffectedbythe

gravitationalpullofaplanet.v可知，科學(xué)家利用多普勒技術(shù)來分析星光，想要

找出恒星的運(yùn)動(dòng)是否會受到某個(gè)行星引力的影響。故選C。

6.Whydoastronomershavetomonitoralotofstarstocapturetransits?

A.Transitslastaveryshortperiodoftime.

B.Mostplanetarysystemsdon'thavetransits.

C.Transitsonlyoccurforasmallnumberofstars.

D.Nomorethan10%planetarysystemshavevisibletransitsfromEarth.

答案：D

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Atmost...So,astronomershavetomonitor

alotofstarstocapturejustafewtransits.可知，最多只有十分之一的行星系統(tǒng)是

定向的，這樣從地球上就可以看到這些迷你日食，也就是所謂的凌日。由此可推

知，天文學(xué)家必須監(jiān)測很多恒星才能捕捉到一些度日現(xiàn)象，因?yàn)榭蓮牡厍蛏嫌^測

到凌日現(xiàn)象的行星系統(tǒng)不超過10%。故選D。

7.DwarfstarsmaybegoodplacestospotEarth-likcplanetsbecause.

A.dwarfstarsarelimitedinnumber

R.theirplanetsareclosetotheEarth

C.theclosenessofthehabitablezonetodwarfstarsaidsdetection

D.thebrightnessofdwarfstarstoEarthimprovestheirvisibility

答案：C

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Additionally,dwarfstarsarcdim...That

makesiteasiertodetectwiththeDopplermethod.可知，矮星亮度不高，故其離宜

居住帶近。如果宜居住帶內(nèi)的行星離矮星更近的話，天文學(xué)家更容易觀察到其凌

日現(xiàn)象，這樣就更容易發(fā)現(xiàn)類地行星的存在，同時(shí)離得近的行星對矮星的引力就

更強(qiáng)，因此更容易通過多普勒方法被觀測到。故選C。

8.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothediscoveryofEarlh-likeplanets?

A.Confident.B.Suspicious.

C.Ambiguous.D.Unconcerned.

答案：A

解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。文章第一段點(diǎn)題：隨著天文學(xué)的發(fā)展，科學(xué)家們迫切想

要發(fā)現(xiàn)類地行星的蹤跡，通過不斷地推進(jìn)前沿科技，科學(xué)家們離找到一顆類地行

星的日子不遠(yuǎn)了；再結(jié)合下文對兩大方法的詳細(xì)的正向的介紹可知，作者對找到

類地行星很有信心。故選A。

H.完形填空（本題共15個(gè)小題；每小題1分，共15分）

（2025?重慶二測）

In1970,AlanAyerswasparticipatinginaskydivingteamcompetitionin

Gainesville,Florida.Hewouldbe]outofaCessna172,asmallfour-seat

passengerplane.Inpreparation,thepassengerdoorandfrontpassengerseatwere2>

butthepassengersideseatbeltremained.

Ayers'teammatesskydivedfirst,3himandthepilotastheonlytwopeople

remainingintheplane.ltwasAyers'4.Butashesteppedoutintotheair,hisfootgot

5inthepassengersideseatbelt.

“Iwascompletelyoutoftheplaneonmyback,6atthebellyoftheCessna,

withonlymyboot7tothepilot...Itriedtopullmyselfuptoreachthebuckle（專員

扣），butIjustcouldn't,"Ayersremembered.

Thousandsoffeetintheair,hangingfromtheplane,Ayerswasoutof

8_.“Andwhathappenednextwas9,"Ayerssaid."The23-year-oldpilot

unbuckledherseatbelt,crouched（蹲）downinthedooroftheaiiplane,withboth

handsofftheoperatinghandle,and10myankle.”

Ayersdroppedav/ayfromtheplane,openedhisparachute,andlanded

11.Morethan50yearslater,sheoftencameintohis12,“Tothisday,Icansee

hertwo13handsreachingoutofthedoortounbucklethebelt,“Ayerssaid."I

owemy14tothispersonandwillalwaysthinkofherasoneofthe15people

imaginable.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了AlanAyers在跳傘時(shí)，腳被

安全帶卡住，人懸在半空中，機(jī)上的女飛行員看到后，冒著危險(xiǎn)為他解開了安全

帶鎖扣。

1.A.fallingB.juinpiiig

C.marchingD.sliding

答案：B

解析：根據(jù)上文“AlanAyerswasparticipatinginaskydivingteamcompetition

以及空后的"oulofaCessna172,asmallfour-seatpassengerplane”可知，Alan

Ayers要從飛機(jī)上跳下來。故選B。

2.A.repairedB.painted

C.removedD.broken

答案：C

解析：根據(jù)空后的“butthepassengersideseatbeltremained”可知，安全帶被保

留了下來，空處所在句與下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，說明乘客門和副駕駛座位都被拆除了。

故選C。

3.A.leavingB.recognizing

C.choosingD.admiring

答案：A

解析：根據(jù)空前的“Ayers'teammatesskydivedfirst”和空后的“himandthepilot”

可知，Ayers的隊(duì)友先跳