【高頻考點解密】2023年高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)講義+分層訓(xùn)練（全國通用）04.動詞(短語)動詞及動詞短語是英語語法的核心，也是構(gòu)成一個句子最基本的成分。動詞及動詞短語的靈活運用是英語的一大特點，是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)中的難點，更是每年高考中測試的重點?，F(xiàn)通過對動詞及動詞詞組的典題進(jìn)行分析和總結(jié)，望能夠幫助學(xué)生提高動詞及動詞詞組試題的解題能力。一、考查具體語境中動詞詞義的辨析近三年，高考對動詞詞義的考查，多出現(xiàn)在完形填空中。在做題時，要根據(jù)上下文的語境和選項中動詞的含義來確定最終答案?！镜淅?】________thevehicle，theysawthatawomanwastryingtogetoutofthebrokenwindow.（完形填空）A.StartingB.ParkingC.PassingD.Approaching解析：根據(jù)語境可知，應(yīng)該是靠近車。start“開始，發(fā)動”；park“泊車”；pass“經(jīng)過，傳遞”；approach“靠近”。故答案選D。【典例2】MykidsandIwereheadingintothesupermarketovertheweekend.Ontheway，wespottedamanholdingapieceofpaperthatsaid，“________myjob.Familytofeed.”（完形填空）A.LostB.ChangedC.QuitD.Finished解析：根據(jù)上下文可知，紙上寫的是“丟了工作，還有家人要養(yǎng)活?！惫蚀鸢高xA。二、考查動詞近義詞的辨析【典例1】LegendhasitthattheoriginoftheDragonBoatFestivalisto________thesoulofQuYuan.（完形填空）A.rememberB.remindC.recoversD.recall解析：remember，remind，recall三個詞意思相近。remember“記住，記起”；remind“提醒，使想起”；recover“恢復(fù)”；recall“使想起，回想，召回”；根據(jù)句子意思可知，答案選D?！镜淅?】LarryworkswithTransportDrivers，Inc.Onemorningin2009，Larrywas________along165northafterdeliveringtooneofhiscustomers.（完形填空）A.walkingB.touringC.travelingD.rushing解析：根據(jù)文意可知，Larry在運輸公司工作，在2009年的一個早上，Larry正沿著165公路向北行駛著。tour“旅行，巡回演出”；travel“旅行，行駛”，根據(jù)題意可知，答案應(yīng)該選C。三、考查動詞的熟詞生義和一詞多義從近三年的高考真題來看，高考命題非常重視對動詞的熟詞生義和一詞多義的考查，這種現(xiàn)象多出現(xiàn)在完形和閱讀中。有些考生不懂這些熟詞的“新含義”，而無法正確理解文章或題干的含義，因此丟分?！镜淅?】Theyhadbeguntointegrate（融合）thekindsofplayandteamworktheyhad________thedaybeforeintotheirgame.（完形填空）A.seenB.knowC.heardD.read解析：A。see常見的含義是“看見”，根據(jù)本空前后的意思可知，這里的含義應(yīng)是“領(lǐng)會，理解”。如：Itshowsthatyourchildhasn’tseenthepointofthestory.這表明你的孩子還沒有領(lǐng)會故事的意思。此外，see還有“認(rèn)為，見證，參觀”等含義。【典例2】Thengooutsideandworkoutaplantotranslateyourchildhoodmemoriesintoyourgrown-upgarden.（任務(wù)型閱讀）解析：translate常見含義是“翻譯”，但在這個句子里是“轉(zhuǎn)變，轉(zhuǎn)化”的意思。再如：Yourdecisionmustbetranslatedintospecific，concreteactions.你的決定必須轉(zhuǎn)化為具體明確的行動。此外，translate還有“理解，解釋”的含義。四、考查不同動詞構(gòu)成的動詞短語的辨析動詞短語在歷年高考題中所占比例也很大，主要出現(xiàn)在完形填空題中，四個選項是四個不同的動詞短語，以此來考查考生在語境中對動詞短語意義的理解和運用能力?！镜淅?】Oncefireandemergencypeoplearrived，Larryandtheotherman56andletthemgotowork.（完形填空）A.steppedforwardB.backedoffC.movedonD.setout解析：根據(jù)“l(fā)etthemgotowork”，可知答案選B。stepforward“邁向前”；backoff“后退”；moveon“繼續(xù)”；setout“出發(fā)”?！镜淅?】WhoknewthatsomanyyearslaterIwouldlooktoDr.BernieandhisCDsagainto________myowncancerexperience？（完形填空）A.learnfromB.gooverC.getthroughD.referto解析：根據(jù)“l(fā)ooktoDr.BernieandhisCDsagain”及后半句意思可知，答案選C。learnfrom“向……學(xué)習(xí)”；goover“復(fù)習(xí)”；getthrough“熬過，通過”；referto“參考，涉及，指的是”?！镜淅?】ThatleakyfaucetsomehowawakenedmetothefactthatInowhadto________thechallengeofgettingthingsfixed.（完形填空）A.comeupwithB.faceuptoC.lookforwardtoD.stepawayfrom解析：根據(jù)上下文可知，作者不得不面對這一挑戰(zhàn)，故答案選B。comeupwith“提出”；faceupto“勇敢面對”；lookforwardto“盼望，期望”；stepawayfrom“遠(yuǎn)離”。五、考查同根動詞短語的辨析對同根動詞短語辨析的考查，也多在完形填空題中進(jìn)行考查。根據(jù)上下文和語境來確定答案。這要求學(xué)生對同根動詞所構(gòu)成的動詞短語要有精準(zhǔn)的掌握?！镜淅縏hemanwhohadhisbrightlightson________andtoldLarryhehadmadeanemergencycall.（完形填空）A.camedownB.camethroughC.cameinD.cameover解析：句意：車燈一直亮著的車的車主走了過來，告訴Larry他已經(jīng)打了急救電話。comedown“下降，降低，被拆毀”；comethrough“經(jīng)歷”；comein“進(jìn)入，卷入”；comeover“走過來”。根據(jù)語境可知，答案為D。六、考查同根介詞或副詞動詞短語的辨析【典例】It________thatamongotherthings，hewasaneighty-year-oldwriter.（完形填空）A.cameoutB.workedoutC.provedoutD.turnedout解析：comeout“出版，開花”；workout“鍛煉，計算出”；proveout“證明”；turnout“結(jié)果是，原來是”。根據(jù)句意可知，答案為D。七、考查動詞短語中的介詞或副詞的搭配動詞與介詞或副詞構(gòu)成的短語也是高考中的主要考點，這類題多在完形填空題、語法填空題和短文改錯題中進(jìn)行考查。學(xué)生在日常的學(xué)習(xí)中，要多對包含有介詞或副詞的動詞短語進(jìn)行歸納記憶。【典例1】Myunclesaysthatheneverdreamsbecomingrichinashortperiodoftime.（短文改錯）解析：dreamof/aboutdoingsth“夢想做某事”，故在dreams后加of/about。【典例2】Wetendtohaveabettermemoryforthingsthatexciteoursensesorappeal________ouremotionsthanforstraightfacts.解析：appealto“對……有吸引力，對……有感染力”，固定搭配。故答案填to?！镜淅?】Anyway，wereherenow，solet’sgetdown________someseriouswork.解析：getdownto“開始做，著手做”，固定搭配。故答案填to。八、?？紕釉~短語歸納1.breakbreakdown損壞，出毛病breakin闖入，插話breakoff（使）分離，停止，斷交breakout（戰(zhàn)爭等）爆發(fā)，逃出（無被動式）breakthrough突圍，突破breakup驅(qū)散，（使）散開breakawayfrom脫離，打破，放棄2.bringbringabout使倒下，使下降bringforward提出bringin把……拿進(jìn)來，收獲，賺（錢）bringupsb撫養(yǎng)某人bringupsth提出bringup嘔吐bringtoanend結(jié)束=cometoanend3.callcallonsb拜訪，號召callat訪問（某人的家）；（火車、船）停靠callfor需要calloff取消（計劃，比賽）callout（callout+tosb）大聲地叫callupsb打電話4.comecomeacross偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)，偶然遇到comeon快點（口），開始，到來，舉行，走吧，一起去comein進(jìn)來，上市comeout出來，出發(fā)，結(jié)果cometo蘇醒，總共，達(dá)到comeup上升，升起5.cutcutaway切除cutthrough走近路，穿透cutdown砍倒，減少，壓縮（開支）cutoff切斷（關(guān)系，來往），中止（電話，思維）cutout刪掉/改掉（惡習(xí)），停止6.diediefrom死于，因……而死dieoff相繼死亡dieaway聲音變?nèi)?，漸漸消失diedown慢慢地熄滅（風(fēng)，火）dieout熄滅，變?nèi)?，消失，滅絕（動物）7.fallfallasleep去睡覺=gotosleepfallill病了fallback后退，后撤fallbehind落后，跟不上falloff減少，從……摔下來8.getgetabout到處走，消息的傳開getacross穿過，領(lǐng)會getaway逃掉，離開，擺脫getdown從……下來，寫下來，記下來getalongwith進(jìn)展，友好相處getin進(jìn)去，收獲getoff離開，下車geton上車getover克服（困難），從病中恢復(fù)過來getaround=spread傳開getthrough完成，通過，用完，從人群中通過，接通電話getto到達(dá)gettogether聚會，達(dá)成一致getintotrouble陷入getridof擺脫，去掉9.givegiveaway分發(fā)，出賣，放棄givein屈服giveoff放出（氣體，光）giveout公布，用盡，分發(fā)giveup放棄，停止做某事giveover交出，移交10.leaveleavealone不要管（某人），不要碰（某物）leavebehind遺留，留下，超過leaveoff（使）停止，中斷l(xiāng)eaveout刪掉，漏掉leaveover剩下，暫時不去解決11.putputoff推遲，延期puton穿上，上演，播放，打開putout伸出，撲滅，生產(chǎn)，出版putthrough接通電話；使經(jīng)歷（困難等）putup舉起，建立，張貼，提出putupwith忍受putforward提出，把……提前putdown放下，寫下，鎮(zhèn)壓putaway收拾起來，儲存putaside放在一邊，儲存，忽視puttogether裝配（零件等），整理12.taketakedown取下，記下，拆除takeoff起飛，脫去，成名takeon接受，承擔(dān)，雇傭，呈現(xiàn)takeover接替，接管，繼承takeup拿起，開始從事，占用，接下去takein吸收，欺騙，收容takeaway拿走，奪去takeafter模仿，與……相像takeback拿回，收回，退貨taketo喜歡，沉迷于13.turnturnto求助于，轉(zhuǎn)向，翻到turnout生產(chǎn)，關(guān)掉，結(jié)果是turnon打開（燈等），取決于，襲擊turnoff關(guān)掉，使（某人）厭煩turndown拒絕，調(diào)低turnup出現(xiàn)，調(diào)高turnover翻身，翻轉(zhuǎn)，把……移交turnin上繳，告發(fā)turnaround轉(zhuǎn)身14.setsetout著手做，出發(fā)，陳述setoff出發(fā)，使爆炸setdown放下，記下setaside留出，拋棄（意見、習(xí)慣等）setup設(shè)立，建立setabout著手做（setaboutdoing=setouttodo）一、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子1.ButJeff’shandtouchedthehotburnerandhegaveacryofpain.Jennamadehim_____(put)hishandincoldwater.2.Thewater__________(feel)coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise.3.Doingsowill________(title)theticketholdertounlimitedfreeparking.4.China’sdeadliestearthquakeinrecentyears________(be)a7.9magnitudequakein2008thatkillednearly90,000peopleinSichuan.5.Whenyousew______________tothisend,fastenoffthethread.6.Heconfidently___________(forecast)abigincreaseinsales,andheturnedouttoberight.7.Soeveryteachershouldbehelpfulandkind.Itcanmakechildren________(love)youandthesubjectyouteach.8.I’llhavethegardener______(plant)sometrees.9.We’dbetter______(large)thereadingroombyknockingthroughbetweenthetwosmallrooms.10.Thenewswas______（announce）byCCTV.11.Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho______(have)helpedme.12.Mynewbedroom________(measure)15ftby12ft,whichisbigenoughforme.13.If________________________(利用)timeproperly,youdefinitelycouldcompletethemissionperfectly.（根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子）14.Theywillhaveyou__________(arrest)ifyoudon’tpaytaxes,becauseitiseveryone’sdutytopaytaxes.15.Look!Thebox___________anumberofletters,which___________thosefromhisstudents.(contain/include)16.Shecameup________anewideaforincreasingsales.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）17.Hisdeterminationcarriedhim__________thedifficulties.18.Thereareseveralmainreasonswhyoldbuildingsshouldbetorn________andreplacedbynewones.19.Ican’tfindmypen.Who________itaway?（take）20.Ithoughtwhatyousaid_____________(worse)therelationshipbetweenyoutwo.21.Thissortofroastmeatisalocalsuperfoodandit__________（taste）delicious.22.Ifyouwanttoplaysafe,cut___________ontheamountofsaltyoueat.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）23.Hewasannoyedandrefusedtocomment_________thesuggestion.24.Itishardtoseehowpeoplewillget_________thewinter.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）25.彼得想利用巴黎之旅來提高他的法語。Peterwantedto________hisvisittoParistoimprovehisFrench.26.Ifyoucomeacrossanydifficultyduringyourjourney,youcanturn_________me.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）27.Yououghttohaveturned_________onthesceneattheappointedtime.28.Theseatsintheplaneare_________,andyoucan_________themtoacertainangle.Theisnotdifficulttomake____.(adjust)29.Itisnotsohelpfultogivesomeonesomebreadastoteachhimhowtomake__________living.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）30.Bobwroteapoemaboutthebutterflyandhehadit________(polish)beforeitwaspublished.31.Fewpeoplecanstick___________adietforlong.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）32.Theprinciplethatyoucanbecomegoodatthingsthroughhardworkapplies__________yourschoolwork.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）33.TheteachertoldusthattheSecondWorldWar___________(break)outin1939.34.Thenewlawdoesnotrefer___________landusedforfarming.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）35.Thedullplayreallycame________lifeintheperformancebytheseyoungpeople.36.“Ourwishhascome________(truth).”ThecoachsaidaftertheChinesegirlswonthefirstVolleyballWorldCuptitlein18years.37.TheNorthKorea’sconductinganundergroundnuclearexplosionset________aninternationalargument.38.Suchanimalsasdinosaursdiedoutbecausetheycouldn’tadapt______________thesuddenchangeofclimate.39.Don’thesitate(猶豫)tocut_________theuselessinformationinyourpassage.40.Havingbeeninhospitalforsixmonths,hefelthimselfcut_________fromtheoutsideworld.41.Didhegive_________orkeepontrying?(用適當(dāng)?shù)母痹~填空)42.Heturned________mysuggestionandturned________thebusinesstohisdaughter.43.Ifyoulikethatmovie,youshouldcheck________thedirector'sotherfilms.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）44.Iftheyvaluethesedata,youmakethempay________them.（用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空）45.It’sbeendryforsolongthattheforestcouldburst________flamesatanymoment.46.Weclaimedarefund（退款）fromtheassociation,buttheywouldnotpay________.47.Ifyoufollowthesestepsandtrytocommunicatewithyourparentsactively,soonyouwillbeabletobreak________thewallbetweenyouall.48.DarkcloudsweregatheringintheskiesoverEurope.Warwassoontobreak________.49.Theboytalkedloudlyinordertocatchtheteacher’s________（eye）.50.Theydidn’tevenpracticetoprepare________thegame.二、語法填空1閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。GOINGPOSITIVEIalwayswantedtolookliketheslimgirlsonTVeventhoughIknewthatitwas___51___(possible).IworriedaboutmyweightandtriedeverynewdietIreadaboutonline.Itriedno-fat,low-fat,onlybananas,nobananas—Ialmost___52___(go)bananas,too.Iwasfeelingextremely___53___(annoy)whenIreadanarticle___54___saidinsteadofasking“AmIfat?”Ishouldbeasking“AmIfit?”Ihadnoideaalettercouldmakesuch___55___difference!OnceIstartedthinkingabout___56___(fit)ratherthanweight,thingsbegantochange.Insteadofsaying“Iwanttolosethreekilos”,Iwouldsay“Iwanttoruntwokilometresineightminutes”or“Iwanttobeabletodo30push-ups”.RatherthancuttingoutthefoodsIenjoyed,Iaddedhealthyfoods___57___mymeals.Icouldstillhaveaburgernow___58___then,butIwouldaddasaladoranapple.Finally,Istopped___59___(compare)myselfwithactressesandmodelsandlookingforthingsthatwerewrongwithmyfaceorbody.Instead,ImadealistofthethingsIlikedabout____60____(I).Bybeingpositiveaboutmybody,Ibecamebothhappierandhealthier.2閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Inmid-Septemberin2022,tohonorthe110thanniversaryofthebirthofnuclearphysicistWuChien-shiung,____61____globalonlineconferencewasheldtomarkthisanniversary.ComparedwithphysicistssuchasMarieCurie,WuisnotahouseholdnameinChinaorintheUnitedStates,____62____shewasoneofthemostinfluentialnuclearphysicistsofthe20thcentury.WuwasbornonMay31,1912,inLiuhetown,Taicang,____63____theYangtzeRiverflowsintotheEastSea.Wu’sfather,WuZhongyi,receivedamodern____64____(educate)inShanghai,andin1913,____65____(found)thefirstschoolforgirlsinTaicang.Heaimed____66____(break)theoldsexistadvocacythatitwaswomen’svirtuetohavenotalents.Thefather,absorbingthemeritsofWesternideaswhilebearingthegreatthoughtsrooteddeepinChinesecultureinmind,hadthemostprofoundinfluence____67____WuChien-shiung’slife.ShespentmostofherlifeintheUS,butalwaysworeqipao.Workinginthescientificworlddominatedbymen,shenevergaveuporloweredherstandardsevenif____68____(unequal)treated.Duringher44-yearcareerasanuclearphysicist,Wu’sgreat____69____(achievement)wonhernicknamessuchas“ChineseMadameCurie”.ShewasthefirstwomantobepresidentofAmericanPhysicalSociety,andthefirstfemalewinneroftheComstockPrizeinphysics____70____(give)bytheUSNationalAcademyofSciences.3It’sinterestingwhenyouthinkabouthowJapanisanation____71____appreciatesthevirtuesofsilenceandgoodmanners,andyetwhenitcomestoeatingnoodles,Japanesepeoplecanbe____72____(loud)intheworld.Accordingtolifestylewebsitegrapee.jp,slurpingwheneatingnoodles____73____(encourage)inJapaneseculture.It’sbelievedthattakingairintoyourmouth____74____enhancetheflavorofthenoodles,andthatithelpscooldownthenoodles.It’salsoconsideredtobeawaytoshowappreciationforthedish.Sometimes,justmakingthenoisealoneseemstomakethenoodlesmoreenjoyable.Itwasn’tuntilanewexpression—“noodleharassment”,or“hu-hara”inJapanese-cameoutlastyearonsocialmedia____75____Japanesepeoplestartedtorealizethattheslurpingnoiseismakingsomeforeignvisitors____76____(comfortable).Asaresponse,JapaneseinstantnoodlemakerNissinintroducedaso-callednoise-cancelingforkearlierthisyear.Thefork,whichlookslikeanelectrictoothbrush,isconnectedwirelesslytoasmartphone.Whenthepersonusingtheforkstartstoslurp,theforksendsasignaltotheperson’sphone,____77____(make)itplayasoundtomasktheslurpingnoise.“Theforkisasolution____78____the‘noodleharassment’issue,particularlyasthenumberoftouristsvisitingJapanincreases,”saidthecompany,accordingtoEuroNews.Butisitreallynecessary?Diningtraditionsdovary.Whatisconsideredtobepropertablemannersinonecountryislikelytobeseenasrudeinanother.InIndia,forexample,peopleeatwiththeirhands____79____theythinkinthiswaytheybuildaconnectionwiththefood.However,peoplewhoareusedtoeatingwithutensils(餐具)mightfindituncomfortabletogettheirhands_____80_____(cover)withoilandbitsoffood.ButthiseatingmethodispartofIndia’sculture,justlikeJapan’sslurpingispartofitsown.“So,ifyouareeatingnoodles,whetherthat’sramen,udon,orsoba,pleaseslurp,”wrotethereporterBrianAshcraftonblogKotaku.“Ifanyonegetsannoyedwhileyouaredoingthat,paythemnomindbecausethey’remissingthepointentirely.”4閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。InEnglish,thereisapopularsaying—Allgoodthingsmustcometo____81____end.This,however,mightnotalwaysbetrue.ForthesixfriendsinFriends,the“goodthings”—the____82____(friend)betweenthemhaveneverreallyended.Perhapsyouhaven’tseenFriends.TheTVseriestellsthestoryofsixyoungpeople,Rachel,Ross,Monica,Chandler,PhoebeandJoey____83____cametoNewYorkCitytofindlove,successandfun.Eachofthemhadadifferent____84____(personal).However,theywereabletoputtheirdifferencesasideandbecamegoodfriends.Seventeenyears____85____(pass)sincethelastepisodeofFriendswason.Fanshavebeenlookingforwardto____86____(approach)thesixfriends’reuniononthescreen.Thatwishfinallycametrue.Aspecialepisode,Friends:TheReunion,wasbroadcast(播放)onlineonMay27.YourEnglishteacheronceprobablyadvisedyoutowatchFriends.Forsure,watchingtheserieswillhelpyoulearnEnglish.Butyoucanlearnalittle____87____(much)fromFriendsthantheothers.Onethingitcanteachusallishow____88____(gain)lastingfriendships.AsRacheloncesaid,“____89____(obvious),therewerenocellphonesbackinthe1990s.Itwasjustfriendssittingaround____90____chattingtogether.”Ifyouwanttohavelifelongfriends,don’tjustchatonline.Makesuretoalwaysbethere—foryourfriends!5閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Chineseastronautshavesuccessfullygrownriceseedlings(秧苗)onboardtheTiangongspacestationandthisexperimentshowsushowastronautscangrowfoodtosupportlong-termspacemissions.___91___therehavebeenotherriceexperimentsinspace,theonebeingconductedonTiangongisthefirstof__92__(it)kind.Theaimistoproducethecompletelifecycleoftheplant.Itbeginswithaseedandendswithamatureplant_93_(produce)newseeds.Now,theseedlingsofthetallshootricevarietyhavereacheda___94___(high)ofabout30cm.China’sWentianspacelab,_95_(launch)onJuly24,dockedwiththeChinesespacestation’sTianhecoremoduleonedaylater.Thespacelab,which_96_(weigh)23tonsandis17.9meterstall,isthecountry’slargestand___97___(heavy)spacecrafttodate.Onboardareeightexperimentalpayloads,includingtheoneforthericeexperiment.Rice___98___(be)astaplefoodforastronautssincetheearlydaysofspaceexploration.USastronautsonboardtheApollo11mission,_____99_____werethefirsthumanstolandonthemooninJuly1969,atefreeze-driedchickenandriceduringtheirtrip_____100_____space.IfwewanttolandonandexploreMars,wehavetofindasustainablefoodsourceforlong-termspaceexplorations.6閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Asyouhavenoticed,youandafisharedifferent.Eyelids(眼瞼),forexample.Evensleepisadifferencebetweenyou____101____afish.Asfarasscientistscantell,eventhoughit’shard____102____(study)thebrainsoffish,fishdosleepin____103____way.Theyatleastrestattimes,withaslowdownoftheirbody“machinery”.Andthatismuchlikesleep.Forfishbrainstorelax,eyelidsmaynot____104____(need).Somefishlienearthebottomortopoftheseaorlakeatnight.Othershide____105____(them)inthesandorproduceacoveringas____106____(protect)againstpredators(捕食者)whiletheirdefense(防御者)aresleeping.Andsharks—eventhekinds____107____continuallyswim—stillhaveperiodsofrestinbetweenperiodsofactivity.Fishdon’thaveeyelidsorneedthem.Eyelidshelpus____108____(human)bykeepingoureyesfrom____109____(get)dry,amongotherthings.Butdryeyesare_____110_____(probable)notaproblemforanimalslivinginwater.7閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個單詞)或用括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式填空。HanJingisaseniorhighschoolstudentnow.___111___thefirstday,shefeltasenseof___112___(anxious)andwasnotsureifshecouldmakeagoodfirstimpression.Herfirstmathclasswasverydifficult,but___113___teacher,kindandfriendly,toldthemafunnystory,___114___(make)thestudentslaugh.Thatafternoon,theywenttothesciencelab___115___(do)experiments.However,aguytriedtotalktoherthewholetime,___116___madeherunabletocarryouttheexperiment.Thatwasso___117___(annoy)thatsheevenwantedtotellhimtoleave___118___(she)alone.Afterthefirstday,HanJinghadadifferentopinionaboutthelifeatseniorhigh.Shedidn’tfeelawkward___119___frightenedatall.Thoughshemissedherformerfriends,shebelievedshe____120____(make)newones.Shefeltmuchmoreconfidentthanthatmorningandeventhoughtthenextdaywouldbeagreatday.8閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。TheStatueofLiberty,____121____internationally-knownsymboloffreedomthat____122____(complete)in1886,iscertainlyanimpressivestructure.Thestatueisofawoman____123____iswearinglong,flowingrobes.Onherhead,shehasacrownofsevenspikesthatrepresenttheseven____124____(ocean)andthesevencontinents.Thestatue____125____(weigh)450,000poundsandis152feethigh.____126____,thestatueappearsmuchlargerbecauseitstandsonapedestalthatisabout150feethigh.Inherraisedrighthand,thewomanholdsa12-metertorch,whichstandsforlightandfreedom.Inherlefthand,she____127____(carry)atablet(書板)withthedate“July4,1776”,whichisthebirthdayofthecountry,written____128____itscover.Atherfeetlie____129____(break)chains,whichsymbolizeanescapetofreedom.TheStatueofLibertyisan____130____(amaze)monument.9閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Ididn’tsleepwellforseveraldays,worryingaboutthewildfiresinseveralpartsofChongqing,myhometown.LikemostpeoplefromChongqing,IfeltImusthelpstopthefiresspreading,especiallyafterIsmeltheavysmokeinmyhouse____131____theeveningofAug.21.Thesmokewasbelievedtobefromawildfire____132____brokeoutinnearbyBananareaintheafternoonthatday.Thatnight,alargefire____133____(appear)inthemountainsinBeibeiarea,40kilometersfrommyhome.Clearly,thepowerfulfirewasgettingveryclose.Althoughforestfirefightingforcesfromthreeprovincesarrived,ourgovernmentneeded____134____(much)helpfromthepublic.Andvolunteers____135____(call)ontogotodifferentfiresitesaroundthecity.Manypeople____136____(glad)wenttoofferhelp.Manygaveawayallkindsofthingsneededforthefightagainstwildfires.Theytookthemtocollectionpoints,without____137____(give)theirnames.____138____(hundred)ofpeoplewithskillsandexperiencesignedupasvolunteers.Iasked____139____(I)whatIcouldhelpwith.Iamamiddle-agedwomanwithoutmuchstrength.Icannotrideamotoreycle,anddonothaveanymedicalskills.IdecidedtodoeverythingIcould____140____(help)thehard-workingvolunteers,whichincludedtakingthemcoldfruittea.10閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Nowadays,ourclassrooms,neighborhoodsandcommunitiesbecome___141___(much)diverse(多樣化的)thaneverbefore.Peoplefromdifferent___142___(country)andculturescontinuetospreadoutaroundtheworld.Differentskincolors,languages,physicalabilitiesandclothing___143___(be)someofthetypesofdiversitythatweexperienceeveryday.Howwerespondtothisdiversitywilldecidenotonlyourfutureasapersonbutalsoourfutureasasociety.AsMayaAngelousaid,“Indiversitythereisbeautyand___144___(strong)”.Tolerance(寬容)meansopennesstothedifferencesthatexistamongusall.Itmeansrespectingandlearningfromothers,___145___(value)ourdifferencesanddiscoveringwhatwehave___146___common.Theoppositeoftoleranceisclosed-mindedness.Arguments,fightsandwars___147___(cause)byclosed-mindednessfromtimetotime.Incontrast,humans___148___areopentodifferenceswillcreateamorepeacefulworldandhavebetteropportunitiesinlifewhetherthrougheducation,workorfriendships.Sohavingtolerancewillchangeourlifeforthebetter,andmaketheworld___149___betterplace.Differenceisofthespiritofhumansandweshouldlearn___150___(respect)it.參考答案一、1.put【解析】考查動詞。句意：但是杰夫的手碰到了灼熱的爐子，他痛苦地叫了一聲。珍娜讓他把手放進(jìn)冷水里。結(jié)合句意此處make為使役動詞，makesbdosth意為“使某人做某事，讓某人做某事”。故填put。2.felt【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)我跳進(jìn)游泳池晨練時，水感覺很涼。根據(jù)句意和句中“jumped”可知，句子陳述的是過去發(fā)生的事，應(yīng)用一般過去時，“feel”意為“感覺”，為感官動詞，用主動形式表示被動含義，“feel”的過去式為“felt”。故填felt。3.entitle【解析】考查動詞。句意：這樣做將使持票人有權(quán)無限制地免費停車。根據(jù)句意和提示詞可知，空格處填提示詞名詞title“頭銜”動詞形式entitle“賦予權(quán)利”，作謂語，助動詞will后用動詞原形。故填entitle。4.was【解析】考查系動詞。句意：中國近年來死亡人數(shù)最多的地震是2008年發(fā)生的7.9級地震，導(dǎo)致四川近9萬人喪生。分析句子可知，空處是系動詞，表示“是”；該地震發(fā)生在過去，故用一般過去時；由主語earthquake可知be用單數(shù)形式；故填was。5.up【解析】考查動詞短語。句意：當(dāng)你縫到這頭時，把線系緊。根據(jù)句意可知，sewup意為“縫合，縫入”符合題意。故填up。6.forecast/forecasted【解析】考查動詞和時態(tài)。句意：他自信地預(yù)測銷售量將會大幅度提高，事實證明他是對的。confidently是副詞，修飾空處的動詞，根據(jù)英文提示，應(yīng)填動詞forecast；本處and連接兩個獨立的句子，由turnedouttoberight可知預(yù)測的事項已經(jīng)發(fā)生，應(yīng)用一般過去時；forecast的一般過去式是forecast或forecasted；故填forecast或forecasted。7.love【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：所以每個老師都應(yīng)該是樂于助人和善良的。它能使孩子們喜歡你和你教的科目。此處為“make+賓語+省略to的不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)，空處用動詞原形作賓補，故填love。8.plant【解析】考查固定句式。句意：我將讓園丁種些樹。固定句式：havesb.dosth.“讓某人做某事”，所以此處用動詞原形plant，在句中作賓補，故填plant。9.enlarge【解析】考查動詞。句意：我們最好把兩個小房間之間打通，把閱覽室擴(kuò)大。hadbetterdosth.意為“最好做某事”，后接動詞原形，故空格處填動詞；large，形容詞；enlarge，動詞，意為“擴(kuò)大”。故填enlarge。10.announced【解析】考查動詞和被動語態(tài)。句意：這個消息是由中央電視臺播報的。根據(jù)句意及英文提示，空處應(yīng)填表示“播報”的動詞，即announce；news和announce之間是被動關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)；故填announced。11.has【解析】考查動詞。句意：他是男孩中唯一幫助過我的人。分析句子可知，此處是who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，指代先行詞theboys，而先行詞前有theonly修飾，故空處應(yīng)用動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式，此處時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，故應(yīng)用has。故填has。12.measures【解析】考查不及物動詞和時態(tài)。句意：我的新臥室尺寸是15英尺乘12英尺，對我來說足夠大了。measure可作不及物動詞，表示“量度為……”，沒有被動語態(tài)，表示客觀事實用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是單數(shù)，謂語動詞也用單數(shù)，故填measures。13.

you

utilize

your【解析】考查動詞和狀語從句。句意：如果你正確地利用時間，你絕對能完美地完成任務(wù)。表示“你”用you；表示“利用”用utilize；表示“你的”用形容詞性物主代詞your；本句用一般現(xiàn)在時。故填①you；②utilize；③your。14.arrested【解析】考查非謂語動詞，句意：如果你不交稅，他們會把你逮捕的，因為交稅是每個人的義務(wù)。本句的謂語為have，此處考查動詞短語“havesb+補語”，have的賓語為you，arrest與you之間為動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用過去分詞arrested，作you的補語。故填arrested。15.

contains

include【解析】考查主謂一致。句意：看！盒子里有許多信，其中包括他的學(xué)生寄來的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，兩個空在句中都作謂語，應(yīng)用動詞形式；結(jié)合句意及前面的look可知，此處表示現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的事，是對一般事實的陳述，故應(yīng)一般現(xiàn)在時；第一空主語為thebox，單數(shù)形式，故謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；第二空作which引導(dǎo)的定語從句的謂語，應(yīng)根據(jù)先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)確定其形式，先行詞為letters，復(fù)數(shù)形式，故謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填contains和include。16.with【解析】考查固定短語。句意：她提出了一個增加銷售額的新主意。固定短語comeupwith：提出。故填with。17.through【解析】考查介詞、動詞短語。句意：他的決心使他渡過了困難。此處考查動詞短語carrysbthrough...，意為“幫助某人渡過難關(guān)”，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用介詞through。故填through。18.down【解析】考查動詞短語。句意：有幾個主要的原因為什么舊建筑應(yīng)該被拆除和被新的建筑取代。根據(jù)“oldbuildings”和“replacedbynewones”可知，是舊建筑被拆除然后被新建筑取代，teardown是動詞短語，意為“拆除”。故填down。19.hastaken【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：我找不到我的鋼筆了。誰把它拿走了？設(shè)空處在句中作謂語，需用動詞；根據(jù)句意可知，此處強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時have/hasdone，結(jié)合句子主語可知，應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。故填hastaken。20.worsened【解析】考查動詞及動詞時態(tài)。句意：我以為你說的話惡化了你們之間的關(guān)系。設(shè)空處在句中作從句謂語，應(yīng)用動詞；結(jié)合句意及提示詞可知，此處應(yīng)用worsen，時態(tài)為一般過去時。故填worsened。21.tastes【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：這種烤肉是當(dāng)?shù)氐某壥澄铮鼑L起來很美味。分析句子可知，taste是謂語動詞，由上文的is可知，用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語it是第三人稱單數(shù)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，且taste是系動詞，無被動式，故填tastes。22.down【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：如果你想安全起見，就減少鹽的攝入量。根據(jù)句意，cutdown為固定搭配，意為“削減，減少”。故填down。23.on/upon【解析】考查介詞。句意：他很生氣，拒絕對這個建議發(fā)表評論。此處考查動詞短語commenton/upon，意為“對……評論”，后接賓語。設(shè)空處應(yīng)填介詞on/upon。故填on/upon。24.through【解析】考查介詞。句意：很難想象人們將如何度過這個冬天。此處考查動詞短語getthrough，意為“度過，熬過（困難時期等）”，在see后的賓語從句中作謂語，后接賓語thewinter。設(shè)空處應(yīng)填介詞through。故填through。25.takeadvantageof【解析】考查固定短語。根據(jù)句意此處缺少“利用”，英語表達(dá)是takeadvantageof,在句子中做want的賓語，應(yīng)使用不定式，故填takeadvantageof。26.to【解析】考查固定短語。句意：如果你在旅行中碰到任何困難，你可以向我求助。turnto是固定短語，表示“向某人求助”。故填to。27.up【解析】考查固定用法。句意：你應(yīng)該在約定的時間出現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)場。turnup為固定搭配，意為“出現(xiàn)”。故填up。28.

adjustable

adjust

adjustment【解析】考查形容詞，動詞和名詞。句意：飛機(jī)上的座位是可以調(diào)節(jié)的，你可以把它們調(diào)整到一定角度，調(diào)整起來不并不難。第一空用形容詞作表語，故填adjustable，第二空作謂語用動詞，故填adjust，第三空用名詞作賓語，故填adjustment。29.a【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：與其說給人面包有幫助，不如說是教他如何謀生。此處為固定搭配“makealiving”謀生的意思。故填a。30.polished【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：鮑勃寫了一首關(guān)于蝴蝶的詩，在出版前他把它潤色了一下。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，所設(shè)空處作賓語補足語，該句使用了“have+賓語+賓補”結(jié)構(gòu)，該句中，賓語it與所給提示詞polish之間為被動關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)用過去分詞作賓補，故填polished。31.