人教版2024版本八年級上冊Unit3——核心語法知識點總結(jié)（形容詞和副詞的比較級、單元核心短語和句型)一、形容詞和副詞的比較級（單元核心語法）1.核心定義比較級用于對兩個人或事物的性質(zhì)、特征或動作程度進行對比，突出一方比另一方更具某種特質(zhì)或程度更高。例如“EmmaistallerthanElla.”中，“taller”（更高的）是“tall”的比較級，明確體現(xiàn)Emma與Ella在身高上的差異。2.構(gòu)成規(guī)則規(guī)則變化：1.一般情況：詞尾加“er”，如tall→taller、fast→faster。2.以不發(fā)音的“e”結(jié)尾：詞尾加“r”，如nice→nicer、late→later。3.重讀閉音節(jié)（輔元輔結(jié)構(gòu)）：雙寫尾字母加“er”，如big→bigger、thin→thinner。4.以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾：變“y”為“i”加“er”，如funny→funnier、easy→easier。5.多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)詞：詞前加“more”，如outgoing→moreoutgoing、carefully→morecarefully。不規(guī)則變化：部分詞需特殊記憶，如good/well→better、many/much→more、little→less、far→farther（距離）/further（程度）、old→older（年齡）/elder（輩分）。3.核心用法兩者比較基本句型：主語+be動詞+形容詞比較級+than+比較對象，如“Sheismoreoutgoingthanme.”（她比我更外向）。主語+實義動詞+副詞比較級+than+比較對象，如“Herunsfasterthanhisbrother.”（他跑得比他哥哥快）。特殊修飾詞：比較級前可加程度副詞修飾，如much（……得多）、alittle（一點）、even（甚至）等，例如“Thebluedressismuchlongerthanthewhiteone.”（藍(lán)裙子比白裙子長得多）?！皁fthetwo”結(jié)構(gòu)：當(dāng)比較范圍明確為“兩者中”時，比較級前需加“the”，如“Jackisthesmarterofthetwo.”（杰克是兩人中更聰明的一個）。否定比較：用“l(fā)ess+原級+than”表示“不如……”，如“Sheislessseriousthanhersister.”（她不如她姐姐嚴(yán)肅）。二、同級比較（單元重點語法）1.肯定結(jié)構(gòu)——“as+原級+as”表示“兩者在某方面程度相同”，意為“和……一樣”。形容詞同級比較：主語+be動詞+as+形容詞原級+as+比較對象，如“Herhairisaslongasmine.”（她的頭發(fā)和我的一樣長）。副詞同級比較：主語+實義動詞+as+副詞原級+as+比較對象，如“Heworksashardashisfather.”（他工作和他爸爸一樣努力）。2.否定結(jié)構(gòu)——“notas/so+原級+as”表示“前者不如后者”，“notso”語氣比“notas”更委婉。例如“Thisroomisnotasbigasthatone.”（這個房間不如那個大）、“Shedoesn’tsingsowellasherfriend.”（她唱歌不如她朋友好）。三、核心短語與句型（單元高頻考點）1.重點短語compare...with...把……與……比較havesth.incommon有共同之處bedifferentfrom與……不同besimilarto與……相似careabout關(guān)心；在意bringout顯示；顯出touchone’sheart觸動某人的心betalentedin在……方面有天賦aslongas只要winthefirstprize贏得一等獎thesingingcompetition歌詠比賽。2.重點句型比較級疑問句：“Whois+比較級,AorB?”，如“Whorunsfaster,LisaorAnna?”（莉薩和安娜誰跑得更快？）。朋友相關(guān)描述：“Agoodfriendislikeamirror.”（好朋友像一面鏡子）、“Atruefriendreachesforyourhandandtouchesyourheart.”（真正的朋友會向你伸出援手，觸動你的心靈）。觀點表達：“It’snotnecessarytobethesame.”（沒有必要一模一樣）、“Idon’treallycareifmyfriendsarethesameasmeordifferent.”（我不太在意朋友是否和我一樣）。分層練習(xí)題（梯度遞進）基礎(chǔ)篇【形式】基礎(chǔ)篇詞匯掌握口語交際 聽力理解書面表達語音語調(diào)語法運用閱讀理解綜合實踐【水平】記憶性 理解性 應(yīng)用性分析性 評價性 創(chuàng)造性一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Mybrotheris________(tall)thanme.Heoftenhelpsmegetthingsfromhighplaces.2.Shesings________(beautiful)thanhersister.Shewontheschoolsingingcompetitionlastyear.3.Thisstoryis________(interesting)thanthatone.Iwanttoreaditagain.4.Mymomworks________(hard)thanmydad,buttheybothloveourfamily.5.Tomisnotas________(outgoing)ashisbrother.Heisquitequiet.二、單項選擇1.—Whois________,yourmathteacherorEnglishteacher?—MyEnglishteacher.Shealwaystellsjokes.A.funnierB.funnyC.funniestD.morefunnier2.Thisrestaurant’sfoodis________thanthatone.Ilikeitbetter.A.deliciousB.moredeliciousC.mostdeliciousD.themostdelicious3.Lily’shairis________ashermother’s.Theylookverysimilar.A.longB.longerC.aslongD.solong4.Heruns________fasterthanme.Ican’tcatchupwithhim.A.manyB.muchC.moreD.little5.Ofthetwogirls,Lucyis________one.A.smartB.smarterC.thesmarterD.thesmartest提升篇【形式】提升篇詞匯掌握口語交際 聽力理解書面表達語音語調(diào)語法運用閱讀理解綜合實踐【水平】記憶性 理解性 應(yīng)用性分析性 評價性 創(chuàng)造性一、單項選擇1.—Isyournewschool________youroldone?—No,it’smuchbigger.A.asbigasB.biggerthanC.smallerthanD.asbiggeras2.Mybestfriendis________me.Webothlikereadingandlisteningtomusic.A.differentfromB.similartoC.astallasD.notsooutgoingas3.—WhydoyoulikemakingfriendswithMary?—Becauseshe________caresaboutmeandalwayshelpsmewhenI’mintrouble.A.reallyB.hardlyC.neverD.sometimes4.Sarahstudies________carefullythanherclassmates,soshealwaysgetsbettergrades.A.moreB.muchC.veryD.too5.—Inwhatwaysareyou________yoursister?—I’mmorecreative,butsheismorepatient.A.thesameasB.differentfromC.similartoD.asgoodas二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換1.Tomistall.Jimistaller.（合并為一句）Jimis________________Tom.2.Mybrotherrunsfast.Irunfasttoo.（改為同級比較句）Mybrotherruns________________________me.3.Thisbookisinteresting.Thatbookismoreinteresting.（改為比較級句子）Thatbookis________________thanthisone.4.Lucyisoutgoing.Lilyislessoutgoing.（改為同義句）Lucyis________________thanLily.5.Heisnotashardworkingashissister.（改為同義句）Hissisteris________________thanhim.拓展篇【形式】拓展篇詞匯掌握口語交際 聽力理解書面表達語音語調(diào)語法運用閱讀理解綜合實踐【水平】記憶性 理解性 應(yīng)用性分析性 評價性 創(chuàng)造性一、完形填空MynameisKate.IhaveabestfriendnamedLisa.Peopleoftensaywelooksimilar,butinfact,wearequite________(1.different/same).Lisais________(2.tall/taller)thanme.Sheis165cm,andI’monly160cm.Sheisalso________(3.moreoutgoing/outgoing)thanme.Shelikestalkingtoeveryone,soshehasmorefriends.ButI’m________(4.quieter/quiet)andIlikereadinginmysparetime.Thoughwearedifferent,we________(5.havenothing/havesomething)incommon.Weboth________(6.betalentedin/begoodat)music.Lastmonth,wejoinedtheschoolsingingcompetition.Lisasang________(7.morebeautifully/beautifully)thanme,soshewonthefirstprize.Iwasreallyhappyforher.Lisaoftensays,“Agoodfriendislikeamirror.It’snotnecessarytobethesame________(8.as/than)longasyoucareabouteachother.”Ithinksheisright.1.A.differentB.sameC.thesameD.differently2.A.tallB.tallerC.tallestD.thetallest3.A.moreoutgoingB.outgoingC.mostoutgoingD.themostoutgoing4.A.quieterB.quietC.quietestD.thequietest5.A.havenothingB.havesomethingC.haveeverythingD.haveanything6.A.betalentedinB.begoodatC.aretalentedinD.aregoodat7.A.morebeautifullyB.beautifullyC.mostbeautifullyD.themostbeautifully8.A.asB.thanC.soD.because二、閱讀理解Hi,I’mMike.Ihavetwogoodfriends,TomandJack.Letmetellyouaboutthem.Tomisasoldasme,butheistallerthanme.HeismoreathleticthanbothJackandme.Helikesplayingbasketballandherunsfasterthanmoststudentsinourclass.JackisnotastallasTom,butheissmarter.HestudiesharderthanTomandme,sohealwaysgetsbettergrades.TomandJackhavedifferenthobbies.Tomlikessports,andJacklikesreading.Buttheyhaveonethingincommon—theybothcareaboutme.Lastweek,Iwasillandcouldn’tgotoschool.Tomhelpedmetakenotes,andJackexplainedthedifficultlessonstomewhenIgotback.Ithinkgoodfriendsdon’tneedtobethesame.Whatmattersisthattheycanhelpeachotherandtouchyourheart.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，回答問題。Whoistaller,MikeorTom?____________________________________________IsJackmoreathleticthanTom?____________________________________________WhydoesJackalwaysgetbet