2024-2025學(xué)年安徽省大聯(lián)考高二下學(xué)期7月期末英語試題一、閱讀理解(★★)Fromancientmedicalpioneerstomodernscientificinnovators,thesebrilliantmindstransformedourunderstandingoflifeandhealth.IbnAvicennaAvicennawasaPersian,whowasregardedasoneofthemostsignificantphysicians,astronomers,thinkersandwritersoftheIslamicGoldenAgeandthefatherofearlymodernmedicine.Hedescribedanearlyscientificmethodofenquiryandwrote“TheCanonofMedicine”in1025,whichwasusedasthestandardmedicaltextbookinEuropeuptothe18thcentury.IgnazSemmelweisBonin1818,SemmelweiswasaHungarianphysicianandscientistandanearlypioneerofantisepticprocedures.Attheageof28,hediscoveredthatthecasesofpuerperalfever(產(chǎn)褥熱)couldbegreatlycutbysimplyusinghanddisinfection(消毒)inchildbirthclinics.Eventhoughhismethodsreducedthedeathratetobelow1%,hisideaswereejectedbythemedicalcommunityatthetime.Itwasn’tuntil20yearslaterthathisideaswereacceptedbythemainstream.JenniferDoudnaDoudna,bornin1964,isanAmericanbiochemistknownforherpioneeringworkinCRISPRgeneediting—oneofthemostsignificantdiscoveriesinthehistoryofbiology.Thisgame-changingtoolallowsresearcherstomaketiny,precisegeneticchangestoDNAandhasopenedawholenewareaofresearch.Doudnawasawardedthe2020NobelPrizeinChemistrywithEmmanuelleCharpentier—thefirstall-femaleNobelPrizeinChemistry.Jex-BlakeJex-Blakewasbornin1840.ShewasanEnglishphysician,teacherandfeministwholedthecampaigntosecurewomenaccesstoauniversityeducation.In1869,Jex-BlakebeganstudyingmedicineattheUniversityofEdinburghaspartofthe“EdinburghSeven”—thefirstgroupofundergraduatefemalestudentsatanyBritishuniversity.ShewasthefirstfemalepracticingdoctorinScotlandandwasinvolvedinfoundingtwomedicalschoolsforwomenatatimewhennoothermedicalschoolsweretrainingwomen.1.WhatcanweknowaboutIbnAvicenna?

A．Hemajoredinastronomy.B．Hedevelopedanewmedicine.C．Hetaughtmedicineatschool.D．Heachievedinmanyfields.2.WhatdoSemmelweisandJex-Blakehaveincommon?

A．Theyfoundedmedicalinstitutes.B．Theyworkedintheinterestsofwomen.C．Theymademajordiscoveriesinthesameyear.D．Theygainedimmediaterecognitionfortheirwork.3.Wheredoesthepersoncontributingtogeneticengineeringcomefrom?

A．Persia.B．Hungary.C．TheUS.D．TheUK.(★★★)InApril,Houston’sBlueWillowBookshophostedasold-outeventfeaturingauthorsRainaTelgemeierandScottMcCloudaftertheirnewgraphic(繪畫的)novelTheCartoonistsClublaunched.ThepairdiscussedtheircareersandteamworkwithScholasticKidsPress.Telgemeieristhecreatorofmanybestsellers,includingSmile,Guts,andDrama.Shesharedwhygraphicnovelsaresuchanattractiveformtokids.“Kidsaremorevisual.Theyseeacharacter’sfacialexpressionandunderstandwhathefeelswithoutanexplanation.Agraphicnovelcanhelpthemrelatetowhattheyseeonthepageandseeacharacterdevelop,”shestates.Infact,theScholasticKids&FamilyReadingReportcontinuallyconfirmsthatkidsareincreasinglyturningtographicnovelandcomicbookforms.Since2018,thenumberofkidswhosaytheywanttoreadgraphicnovelshasrisenfrom22%to37%,andthecreatorsintendtofollowthistrendandcontinuesatisfyingtheneed.McClouddiscusseshowcartoonsunexpectedlybecametheperfectmixtureofhiscommoninterests.“Ialwaysdrewandhadideasforwriting.Afriendofmineinmiddleschoolconvincedmetogivecartoonsatry.Oneday,Iwenttohimandsaid,‘I’mgoingtobeapicture-bookartist.‘Idon’tknowwhatexactlyinspiredme.Itjusthappened,”hesays.Telgemeierexplainshowherchildhooddiaryinspiredhertobecomeanauthor.“Idrewandwroteinmydiaryeveryday.Iwasalreadytellingstoriesaboutmylife,buthadnoreaders.Ididn’trealizewhatIwasdoingwaswriting.OnceIfiguredthatout,IrealizedwritinggraphicnovelsisexactlywhatIwanttodo!”McCloudstateshe’smostsimilartothecharacterArtinTheCartoonistsClub.JustlikeArt,McCloudfeelsthere’sagreatbeautyinmistakes.Hehighlightstheimportanceofwritingwithgenuineinterest.“Don’tbeafraidtomakemistakesorbeyourself.Often,authorstrytodosomethingtheythinkotherpeoplewilllike.It’simportanttobeginbydoingsomethingyouenjoyandcareaboutbecause,attheveryleast,you’llalwayshaveoneloyalreader—yourself.”4.WhatmakesgraphicnovelsappealingaccordingtoTelgemeier?

A．Theytakelesstimetoread.B．Theysimplifycomplexstorylines.C．Theycontainmoreillustrationsthantext.D．Theyallowemotionalinterpretationthroughimagery.5.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthetrendinchildren’sreadingpreferences?

A．Thedemandforcomicbookshasdoubled.B．Fewerkidsareinterestedintraditionalbooks.C．Publishersareadaptingtothechanginginterests.D．Thedevelopmentofsocialmediaplaysakeypart.6.HowdidMcCloudandTelgemeierbecomecartoonists?

A．Theywereinspiredbyfamouscomicartists.B．Theyreceivedprofessionaltrainingatartschool.C．Theyfeltencouragedafterwinningcompetitions.D．Theydevelopedtheskillsthroughcreativepractices.7.WhatdoesMcCloudemphasizeforauthors?

A．Prioritizingself-expressionoverperfection.B．Focusingonmarkettrendstoensuresuccess.C．Learningfromothers’mistakesinthefield.D．Cooperatingwithfriendstostaymotivated.(★★★)Stonycoraltissuelossdisease(SCTLD)firstemergedinFloridain2014.Inthe11yearssince,ithasspreadthroughouttheCaribbean,confirmedinatleast20othercountriesandterritories.Whilemostcoralpathogens(珊瑚致病菌)typicallytargetspecificspecies,SCTLDinfectsmorethan30differentspeciesofstonycorals.Thediseasecausesthesofttissueinthecoralstofallofflayerbylayer,leavingbehindonlywhitecores.Itcanruinanentirecoralcolony(群落)inonlyafewweeks.Currently,themostcommontreatmentforSCTLDisusingamixturethatcontainstheantibiotics(抗生素)ondiseasedcorals.However,antibioticsarenotasilverbullet.TheycantemporarilystopSCTLD’sspread,butitneedstobefrequentlyreappliedtothesickcorals.Thistakestimeandresources,whileincreasingthelikelihoodthatthepathogencausingSCTLDmightdevelopresistance.ValeriePaul,headscientistattheSmithsonianMarineStation,Floridaandhercolleagueshavespentoversixyearsinvestigatingwhetherbeneficialmicroorganisms(微生物)couldbealongerlastingalternativetofightthispathogen.Toaddressthis,first,theteammanagedtoharvestprobiotics(益生菌),MocH1-7,fromtheSCTLD-resistantspecies.ThentheyconductedseveralfieldtestsonashallowreefnearFortLauderdale,focusingonthecoloniesthatshowedsignsofSCTLD.SomeofthecoralsinthesecoloniesreceivedamixturewiththeprobioticMcH1-7thatwasapplieddirectlytothediseaselesions.TheytreatedtheothercoralswithasolutionofseawatercontainingMcH1-7andcoveredthemusingweightedplasticbags.Theprobioticswereadministeredinsidethebaginordertocovertheentirecoralcolony.Inthefollowing2.5years,theymonitoredthecolonies,takingmultipleroundsofsamplestoseehowthecoralswerechangingovertime.TheyfoundthattheprobioticMcH1-7successfullyslowedthespreadofSCTLDwhenitwasdeliveredtotheentirecolonyusingthebagandsolutionmethod.“Coralsarenaturallyrichinbacteriaandit’snotsurprisingthatthebacterialcompositionisimportantfortheirhealth,”Paulsaid.“We’retryingtofigureoutwhichbacteriacanmakeprobioticsevenstronger.”8.WhatisafeatureofSCTLD?

A．Itprimarilyinfectsthecoreofcorals.B．Itaffectsawiderangeofcoralspecies.C．Itcausesimmediatedeathofentirecoralcolonies.D．Itprogressesrelativelyslowlycomparedtootherdiseases.9.Whatdoesthephrase“asilverbullet”inparagraph2probablymean?

A．Atemporaryandriskyapproach.B．Along-lastingandeffectivefix.C．Acomplexandtime-consumingmethod.D．Acostlyandenvironmentallyharmfultreatment.10.Whatisthemainideaofparagraph4?

A．Theprocessofconductingtheprobiotictreatment.B．Thereasonsforchoosingashallowreefforresearch.C．ThecomparisonbetweendifferenttreatmentsforSCTLD.D．ThechallengesofidentifyingSCTLD-resistantcoralspecies.11.WhichofthefollowingstatementsmayValeriePaulagreewith?

A．Naturecanbecuredwithnature.B．Probioticresearchtendstobeontherise.C．Moreeffortsshouldbemadetoconservecorals.D．Antibioticsrepresentthefutureofcoraldiseasetreatment.(★★★)Tryingtograspthebrain’scomplexityisalittleliketryingtocomprehendthevastnessofspace—itfeelswaybeyondourrangeofunderstanding.Luckily,bymappingasmallpartofamousebraindowntoanamazinglevelofdetail,newresearchcouldhelpusgraspapieceoftheneurologicalcosmos(神經(jīng)宇宙)insideourheads.Thoughthevolumeofbrainmatteranalyzedwasbarelythesizeofagrainofsand,theresearchersstillhadtodescribetherelationshipsbetween84,000neurons(神經(jīng)元)viahalfabillionsynapse(突觸)connectionsand5.4kilometersofneuralwiring.Theincredibleworktook9yearstocompletefromstarttofinish,andinvolvedmorethan150researchersand22institutionsalongtheway,includingrepresentativesfromPrincetonUniversity,BaylorCollegeofMedicineinTexas,andtheAllenInstituteforBrainScienceinSeattle.Whatisuniqueaboutthisdataisthatittookboththestructureandthefunctionintoconsiderationwithinoneexperiment.Thatmeansscientistswereabletoseenotjustthelayoutofthewiringinthebrain,butalsothewaythosewirescommunicateandwork.Themouseusedinthestudywasshownvideoswhilemovingonarunningmachine,withthescientistsmonitoringitsbrainactivity.Themouse’sbrainwasthendividedinto28,000separatelayers(層).TheteamusedacombinationofAItechniquesandhumancheckstounlockthenetworkofneuronalwires,identifyconnections,andthenputtheknottogetheragain.Thiswiringdiagramofthebrainisknownastheconnectome.“Theconnectomeisthebeginningofthedigitaltransformationofbrainscience,”saysH.SebastianSeungfromPrincetonUniversity.“It’salsoapromisingstepforwardinthestudyofbraindiseases,includingdementia(癡呆癥).Digitizingsomeorallofthebrain,andunderstandingexactlyhowit’sputtogether,meansanimprovedunderstandingofhowitcangowrong.Thetechnologiesdevelopedbythisprojectwillgiveusourfirstchancetoreallyidentifysomekindofabnormalpatternofconnectivitythatgivesrisetoadisorder.”12.Whatdothefiguresinparagraph2stress?

A．Theimportanceofcooperationinscientificresearch.B．Thedifferencesbetweenmouseandhumanbrainstructures.C．TheadvantageofAIoverhumanresearchersinbrainmapping.D．Thecomplexityofevenatinypartofthebrain’sneuralnetwork.13.Whatisthemostremarkableachievementofthenewresearch?

A．Itintegratedstructuralandfunctionalanalysis.B．Itmonitoredbrainactivityduringphysicalexercise.C．ItcombinedAIandhumancheckstoanalyzebrainlayers.D．Itidentifiedabnormalconnectivitypatternsinbraindiseases.14.WhatisSeung’sattitudetowardsthefindingoftheconnectome?

A．Doubtful.B．Mixed.C．Dismissive.D．Positive.15.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?

A．AI’sRoleinModernNeuroscienceB．TheDevelopmentofNeuralNetworkResearchC．ABreakthroughinLinkingBrainStructureandFunctionD．TheJourneytoCureDementiaThroughConnectomeResearch(★★★)Canyougetthroughsevendayswithoutlookingatadigitaldevice?Ihavetriedadigitaldetox(脫癮)andhere’swhathashappened.It’swell-documented:Ourscreensareprisonsthatdestroyourattentionspan,andweakenourmentalhealth,increasingourcarbonfootprint.16I’vedecidedtotrytolivelikeit’s1996,andgobacktomypre-Internetlife,withaone-weekdigitaldetox—nocomputersorcellphones.17Tostartwith,Ineedtoexplaintheconcepttomyfriendsandfamilysothey’renotwonderingwhyI’vesuddenlyfallenoffthemap.Isetupanout-of-officereply:“18Ifthisisanemergency,callmylandline.”19Iborrowmyeight-year-oldson’swatch(tobehonest,thelasttimeIworeawatch,itwasthe20thcentury),writedowntheentireweek’sappointmentsandmapoutroutes.Whenallthatisdone,Ifindmylong-abandonedlandlinephoneandplugitin.Mydigitaldetoxhasn’tevenbegunandI’malreadyawareofthefactthatIunderestimatedmyscreendependency.Ifeelnervous.20However,now,ontheedgeoftheabyss(深淵),I’mseizedbycompleteanxiety.Itypethefinalwordsonmyphone,whichI’llputinthedrawer.I’llshutthedrawerandtapeitclosed.Onceit’staped,therewillbenoturningback.Actually,onthenextmorningassoonasIwakeup,Ireachtowardthetapedbedsidetable.Clearly,Istillhavealongwaytogo...

A．Butcanwefreeourselves?B．Therulesaremeanttobeobservedstrictly.C．Iwon’thaveaccesstoemailuntilSunday.D．Ianticipatedthechallengeasarelaxingbreak.E．Whatdrivesustofeverishlycheckouremailinboxes?F．Butbeforethebigshut-off,Ineedtodoalittlepreparation.G．ThenInotedownafewusefulphonenumbersinanotebook.二、完形填空(★★★)Evan,whoonlybeganplayingtheguitarfivemonthsago,hasalreadyfalleninlovewiththeinstrument.________byrockstarslikeJimiHendrixandLedZeppelin,Evanfoundhis________tookrootlastChristmaswhenhisdad________anelectricguitartohim.Butaftergettingusedtoplayingthatguitarfortwomonths,hewantedan________.Whiletestingadvancedguitarsatalocalshop,Evan________astranger,whoseemedtotakegreatinterestinhisplaying.“Hewas________listeningtomeplayandsaiditsoundedprettygood.Ithoughtnothingofitbecausehethenwalkedout,”Evan________.________,justabriefmomentlater,thatsamemanreturnedwithaguitarcaseinhishand.InsidewasaFenderTelecastervaluedatover$1,500.“And________,hestuffeditintomyhands,saying‘it’syours’,”saidEvan.“Healsosaidthepaperworkandeverythingelsewereinthecaseasheheadedout.”ItleftEvanandhisfather,GarySterling,________.“Iwaswaitingforthe,‘Allyouhavetodois________thisamountofmoney,’butnothinglikethathappened.Whenheleft,theshopownersaid,‘He________it.I’veseenhimdosuchthingsbefore.’Iwasjustindisbelief,”Garyadded.Thisunexpected________touchedEvandeeply.Now,Evanhashisown________—todothesameforanotheryoungmanoneday.Whatstartedasaquietshoppingtripturnedintoa(n)________momentforthe16-year-old.21.A．AccompaniedB．FundedC．RecognizedD．Inspired22.A．doubtB．passionC．regretD．pride23.A．giftedB．lentC．owedD．returned24.A．a(chǎn)gentB．opportunityC．improvementD．invitation25.A．identifiedB．encounteredC．trickedD．stopped26.A．a(chǎn)ttentivelyB．gratefullyC．secretlyD．sympathetically27.A．repeatedB．judgedC．interruptedD．recalled28.A．YetB．ThereforeC．InsteadD．Besides29.A．insilenceB．forconvenienceC．bymistakeD．withouthesitation30.A．a(chǎn)musedB．a(chǎn)mazedC．a(chǎn)shamedD．satisfied31.A．checkB．a(chǎn)cceptC．payD．save32.A．a(chǎn)ppreciatedB．deservedC．meantD．made33.A．commentB．generosityC．discoveryD．success34.A．resolutionB．experienceC．a(chǎn)ssessmentD．explanation35.A．record-breakingB．eye-catchingC．hair-raisingD．life-changing三、語法填空(★★★)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式，并將填寫在答題卡上。WhatdidpoetrymeantotheancientChinese?Confucius(551—479BC)offeredananswer.“Poetrycanstimulatethemind,offerinsight,enhancesocialconnections,36givevoicetodiscontent,”hedeclaredinTheAnalects(LunyuinChinese),aphilosophicaltext37(compose)ofsayingsandideasbelongingtoConfuciusandhisdisciples.AsancientChina’sforemostmoralguide,Confuciuswasreferringtoaspecificcollectionofpoems—theShiJing(literally,ClassicsofPoetry,morecommonlytranslated38theBookofSongs),theoldestsurvivinganthology(選集)ofChinesepoetry,39(contain)305worksdatingfromthe11thto6thcenturiesBC.AlongsideTheAnalects,theBookofSongshaslongbeenconsideredacornerstoneofConfucianthought.Forovertwomillennia,itwasessentialreadingforambitiousgovernors,40wererequiredtodemonstratetheirunderstandingofthepoemsinthecivilserviceexaminations.Thismightseemsurprisingatfirstglance,asZhangYinan,aresearcherfromtheNationalLibraryofChina,acknowledges,“Toselect41(official)basedontheirknowledgeofpoetry—thoughitmayseemslightlyoddatfirst—42(lie)inadeeperlogic:writing,poetryinparticular,isareflectionofthesoul.Thoselackingsuch43(deep)areunfittogovern.”Asforthecontentoftheanthologyitself,inthepast,the160poemsinGuoFeng(TheAirsoftheStates),thefirstandlargestsectionofthebook,44(think)tobefolksonglyrics.However,theirliterarysophisticationsuggeststheywereatleastpartlywrittenbyeducatedmembersofsociety45(express)personalreflectionsandpoliticalopinions.四、書信寫作(★★)46.假定你是李華，你的交換生好友Baron想學(xué)習(xí)中國傳統(tǒng)繪畫，發(fā)郵件征求你的意見。請你給他回封郵件，內(nèi)容包括：1.表示支持;2.你的建議。注意：1.寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個左右;2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。DearBaron,____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yourstruly,LiHua五、書面表達(★★★)47.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。TherelivedaladynamedGitainatown,whoselifewasaconstantcelebrationofjoy.Shewasfondofdancingandsinging,andherdaughter,Geetu,wasjustlikeher.Theywerenotjustmotheranddaughterbutbestfriends,oftenfounddancing,singing,painting,andcookingtogether.Oneday,anannouncementspreadacrosstheirtown:amother-daughterdancecompetitionwasgoingtobeheld.Gitawasoverthemoonwithexcitement.WhenGeetucamebackfromschoolthatday,Gita,filledwithenthusiasm,askedifshewouldliketoparticipateinthecompetition.Geetu,absorbedinplayingwithherpetparrot,absent-mindedlyuttered“hmm”,whichGitatookasa“yes”.Andso,thepreparationbegan.EverydayafterGeetureturnedfromschool,Gitawoulddraghertoaspaceinthelivingroom.Theyselectedalivelysongthatmadetheirfeettapsmoothly.Gita,withheryearsofdancingexperience,