2/2專題04閱讀理解之議論文（一）（2021·遼寧葫蘆島·高二期末）Stayingpositivethroughthecoldseasoncouldbeyourbestdefenseagainstgettingsick,anewAmericanstudysuggests.Inanexperimentthatexposedhealthyvolunteerstoacoldorfluvirus,researchersfoundthatpeoplewithagenerallysunnycharacterwerelesslikelytofailill.Thefindings,publishedinthejournalPsychosomaticMedicine,buildonevidencethata“positiveemotionalstyle”canhelpwardoffthecommoncoldandotherillness.“Peoplewithapositiveemotionalstylemayhavedifferentimmune（免疫的）responsestothevirus,”explainedleadstudyauthorDrSheldonCohenofCarnegieMellonUniversityinPittsburgh.“Andwhentheydogetacold,theymayinterprettheirillnessasbeinglesssevere.”Cohenandhiscolleagueshasfoundinapreviousstudythathappierpeopleseemedlesslikelytocatchacold,butsomequestionsremainedastowhethertheemotionalqualityitselfhadtheeffect.Forthenewstudy,theresearchershad193healthyadultscompletestandardmeasuresofpersonalityqualities,physicalshealthand“emotionalstyle”.Thosewhotendedtobehappy,energeticandeasy–goingwerejudgedashavingapositiveemotionalstyle,whilethosewhowereoftenunhappy,tenseandhostile（敵意的）hadanegativestyle.Afterwards,theresearchersgavethemnosedropscontainingeitheracoldvirusoraparticularfluvirusthatcausesflu-likesymptoms.Overthenextsixdays,thevolunteersreportedonanyaches,pains,sneezingtheyhad.Cohenandhiscolleaguesfoundthathappypeoplewerelesslikelytodevelopacold.What`smore,whenhappyfolksdiddevelopacold,theirsymptomswerelessseverethanexpectedbasedonobjectivemeasures.Incontrast,peoplewithnegativecharacterswerenotatincreasedriskofdevelopingacoldbasedonobjectivemeasures,thoughtheydidtendtogetdownabouttheirsymptoms.“Wefindthatit`sreallypositiveemotionsthathavethebigeffect,”Cohensaid,“notthenegativeones.”Socanabad-temperedpersonfightacoldbydecidingtobehappy?1．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"wardoff"inparagraph3mean?A．Getcloseto. B．Keepawayfrom.C．Getusedto. D．Goonwith.2．WhatwasthepurposeofCohen'snewstudy?A．Tofindeffectivewaystofightillnesses.B．Totestpeople'sdifferentimmuneresponsestocoldvirus.C．Totelldifferencesbetweenhappypeopleandunhappypeople.D．Toexaminewhetherhealthwasrelatedtoemotionalstyles,3．HowdidCohenreachhisconclusion?A．Bycomparingdifferentexperimentalresults.B．Byaskingthevolunteerstocompletenform.C．Bycollectingdataamongpeoplewithncold.D．Byobservingthevolunteers'symptoms.4．Whatcanweconcludefromthetext?A．Successisthetwinofpositivespirits.B．Wegetmorebybeingmorepositive.C．Thehappierweare,thefewercoldswewillsuffer.D．Physicalhealthismoreimportantthanmentalhealth.（二）（2021·遼寧沈陽·高二期末）Adecadeago,attheendofmyfirstsemesterteachingatCaptain,mystudentJackstoppedbyforofficehours.Hesatdownandburstintotears.Mymindstartedcyclingthroughalistofeventsthatcouldmakeacollegejuniorcry:Hisgirlfriendhadbrokenupwithhim;hehadbeenaccusedofcheatinginexams;heforgottoturninpapersbeforethedeadline."IjustgotmyfirstAminus,"hesaid.Yearafteryear,IwatchindepressionasstudentsarecrazyaboutgettingstraightA's.Somesacrificetheirhealth;afewhaveeventriedtochargetheirschoolafterfailure.Theybelievetopmarksareatickettoelitegraduateschoolsandrewardingjobopportunities.Iwasoneofthem.IstartedcollegewiththegoalofgraduatingwithaGPAof4.0.Itwouldbeareflectionofmybrainpowerandwillpower,showingthatIhadtherightthingstosucceed.ButIwaswrong.Theevidenceisclear:Acrossindustries,researchshowsthattheassociationbetweengradesandjobperformanceismodestinthefirstyearaftercollegeandinsignificantwithinahandfulofyears.Forexample,atMicrosoft,onceemployeesaretwoorthreeyearsoutofcollege,theirgradeshavenothingtodowiththeirperformance.(Ofcourse,itmustbesaidthatifyougotD's,youprobablywouldn'tendupatMicrosoft.)Academicgradesrarelyassessqualitieslikecreativity,leadershipandteamworkskills,orsocial,emotionalandpoliticalintelligence.Yes,straightAstudentsmasterlargeamountsofinformationandreproduceitinexams.Butcareersuccessisrarelyaboutfindingtherightsolutiontoaproblem—it'smoreaboutfindingtherightproblemtosolve.ThismightexplainwhySteveJobsfinishedhighschoolwithaGPAof2.65,andMartinLutherKingJr.gotonlyoneAinhisfouryearsatMorehouse.5．WhydidJackfeelsad？A．Hisgirlfriendabandonedhim. B．Hewascaughtcheatinginexams.C．HefailedtogetstraightA's. D．Hedidn'thandinhispaperintime.6．Whatdidtheauthoroncebelieve？A．Itwaswrongtocaretoomuchaboutmarks. B．Failurewasschools'fault.C．Marksdidn'treflectwillpowerandbrainpower. D．Topmarksmeantwell-paidjoboffers.7．WhyaretheemployeesatMicrosoftmentioned？A．Toindicateacademicperformanceisimportant.B．Tostressthecompanyvaluesemployeeswithtopmarks.C．Tointroducesuccessfulexamplesinthetechnologyindustry.D．Toshowacademicexcellenceisn'tastrongpredictorofcareerperformance.8．Whatshouldpeoplefocusmoreontosucceed？A．Howtosolveaproblem. B．Whatproblemtobesolved.C．Howtobeacreativeleader. D．Whattodowithdetailedinformation.（三）（2021湖南省岳陽市高二期末）Asstay-at-homeordersrelieveandcitiesreopenforbusiness,manydoctorsandhospitaladministratorsarecallingforaquickreturnofhealthcaretopre-pandemiclevels.Formonthsnow,routinecarehasbeenpostponed.Electiveprocedures—bigmoneymakers—werestoppedsothathospitalscouldtransferresourcestotreatingCovid-19patients.Routineclinicvisitswerecanceledorreplacedbyonlinesessions.Thishasresultedingreatfinanciallossesforhospitalsandclinics.Hospitalshavebeenforcedtoreduceemployeesorcutpay.Mostpatients,ontheotherhand,atleastthosewithstablechronic(慢性的)conditions,seemtohavedoneOK.Inarecentsurvey,onlyoneintenrespondentssaidtheirhealthorafamilymember’shealthhadworsenedasaresultofdelayedcare.Eighty-sixpercentsaidtheirhealthhadstayedaboutthesame.Admittedly,postponinghealthcarehadterriblehealthconsequencesforsomepatientswithnon-Covid-19illnesses.Still,amajorityofpatientsseemtohavedonebetterthanwhatmostdoctorsexpected.Itwillprobablytakeyearstounderstandwhy.However,perhapsAmericansdon’trequirethevolume(體積)ofcarethattheirdoctorsareusedtoproviding.ItiswellrecognizedthatasubstantialamountofhealthcareinAmericaiswasteful,accountingforhundredsofbillionsofdollarsofthetotalhealthcarebudget.Wastefulcareisdrivenbymanyforces:“defensive”medicinebydoctorstryingtoavoidlawsuits;thehighpricesthatAmericandoctorsandhospitalscharge;alackofconsensusaboutwhichtreatmentsareeffective;andthewidespreadbeliefthatnewer,moreexpensivetechnologyisalwaysbetter.Inasurveyafewyearsago,two-thirdsofdoctorsintheUnitedStatesadmittedthatbetween15percentand30percentofhealthcareisprobablyunnecessary.Studiessuggestthatupto20percentofsurgeriesinsomespecialtiesareunnecessary.Ifyoursurgerywaspostponedbecauseofthepandemic,itisworthhavingaconversationwithyourdoctoraboutwhetheritisstillneeded.Manyinstitutionsareusingthisdifficulttimeinournation’shistorytomakechanges.Thehealthcaresystemshoulddothesame.9．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．HospitalsandclinicsinAmericaaresufferingagreatloss.B．DoctorsandhospitalsinAmericaarecallingforthereturnofhealthcare.C．AlargeamountofhealthcareinAmericaisunnecessary.D．Mostpatients’healthinAmericahadbecomeworsebecauseofstay-at-homeorders.10．Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_________.A．hospitalsandclinicsinAmericausedtomakealotofmoney.B．mostpatientsseemtohavebeeninstableconditionswithoutanytreatment.C．mostdoctorsareprovidingtoolittlehealthcareonpurpose,D．mostpeopledonotneedasurgeryifitispostponedbecauseofthepandemic.11．Whatis“defensive”medicineinparagraph4mean?A．Themedicinetodefendthedisease.B．Themedicinetoprotectthepatients.C．Themedicinetohelpthedoctorsavoidtroubles.D．Themedicinetohelpthedoctorstreatpatientsbetter.12．Theauthormentions“Manyinstitutionsareusingthisdifficulttimeinournation’shistorytomakechanges”inthelastparagraphtoindicatethat_________.A．itisdifficulttomakeachangein.history.B．manyinstitutionshavemadechangesinhistory.C．thehealthcaresystemmaygothroughahardtime.D．thehealthcaresystemneedstomakesomechanges.（四）（2018湖北省黃岡市高二期末）Therewasatimewhenaneventwouldnotbeginwithoutaphotographer.“Irememberthedayswheneventorganiserswouldevendelayashowifthephotographerwasrunninglate,”saysBalachandraRaju,aphotographerofSathyamstudio,astillsurvivingphotostudioinIndia’ssoutherncityofChennai.Photostudiosarefacingextinctioninthedigitalage.Butastheystruggletocontinuedoingthebusiness,oneresearchprojectislookingatwaystopreservetheirlegacy(遺產(chǎn))bydigitisingarchival(檔案的)pictures.Theproject,fundedbytheBritishLibrary,visitedaround100photostudiosacrossthesouthIndianstateofTamilNaduanddigitised10,000prints.Manyofthephotosweretakenbetween1880-1980,andtheyrangedfrompicturesoffamiliesandfamousstarstoweddingsandfunerals.“Thedigitalarchivewillbeanasset(有用之物)forthoseinterestedinhistory,”saidZoeEHeadley,oneoftheresearchers.RameshKumar,anotherresearcherontheproject,calledita“goldmine”forphotographers.“Theresearchwe’vedonealsohighlightsproductiontechniquesusedbeforedigitalphotographyarrivedinourcitiesandtowns,”hesaid.However,theresearcherswouldoftenfindoldphotosstacked(難疊)ontopofoneanotherinthestorageroomofastudio.“Noonehadbotheredtocleanthem,”Kumarsaid,addingthatmanyphotoshadbeendamagedduetothehotandwetweatherinTamilNadu.TheownerofNallapillaistudioincentralTamilNadusaidhespendsabout20,000rupees(￡230;$310)eachmonthtorunthestudiothatwasfoundedbyhisgreatgrandfatheralmost150yearsago.Tosurviveinthisdigitalagehasbeenastruggle.“Manycustomersdon’tbookusforspecialeventsanymore,”hesaid,addingthattheyhaveallgotsmartphonestodothejob.“I’mnotsureifphotostudioswillexistfiveyearsfromnow,”hesaid.Butthisiswhy,accordingtoMrRaju,thisarchivalprojectissoimportant.“Whentheresearchersspenthoursinmystudio,Isawthemgetexcitedoveralloftheseoldphotos,anditwasliketheyhadgiventhesepicturesasecondchance,”Rajusaid.13．WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph1?A．Photographerswerelazy.B．Photographywasvalued.C．Expertphotographerswerefew.D．Eventorganiserswerethemostimportant.14．Howmighttheprojectpreservephotostudioslegacy?A．Photostudioscanattractmanyvisitors.B．Photographerscanhaveagoodworkingplace.C．Photographersgettolearnaboutoldphotographytechniques.D．Photostudioshavethechancetotakepicturesoffamousstars.15．Whathastheresearchersfound?A．Somephotostudiosaredoingwell.B．Photostudiosarebookedforspecialevents.C．Somephotostudiossufferfrombadweather.D．Photostudiosgiveoldpictureslittleprotection.16．WhatisRaju’sattitudetowardstheproject?A．Hopeful. B．AnxiousC．Disapproving. D．Opposed.（五）（2020遼寧師范大學附屬中學高二期末）Howcouldwepossiblythinkthatkeepinganimalsincagesinunnaturalenvironments－mostlyforentertainmentpurposes－isfairandrespectful?Zooofficialssaytheyareconcernedaboutanimals.However,mostzoosremain“collections”ofinteresting“things”ratherthanprotectivehabitats.Zoosteachpeoplethatitisacceptabletokeepanimalsbored,lonely,andfarfromtheirnaturalhomes.Zoosclaimtoeducatepeopleandsaveendangeredspecies,butvisitorsleavezooswithouthavinglearnedanythingmeaningfulabouttheanimals’naturalbehavior,intelligence,orbeauty.Zooskeepanimalsinsmallspacesorcages,andmostsignsonlymentionthespecies’name,diet,andnaturalrange(分布區(qū)).Theanimals’normalbehaviorisseldomnoticedbecausezoosdon’tusuallytakecareoftheanimals’naturalneeds.Theanimalsarekepttogetherinsmallspaces,withnoprivacyandlittleopportunityformentalandphysicalexercise.Thisresultsinunusuallyself-destructivebehaviorcalledzoochosis.Aworldwidestudyofzoosfoundthatzoochosisiscommonamonganimalskeptinsmallspacesorcages.Anotherstudyshowedthatelephantsspend22percentoftheirtimemakingrepeatedheadmovementsorbitingcagebars,andbearsspend30percentoftheirtimewalkingbackandforth,asignofunhappinessandpain.Furthermore,mostanimalsinzoosarenotendangered.Captivebreeding(圈養(yǎng)繁殖)ofendangeredbigcats,Asianelephants,andotherspecieshasnotresultedintheirbeingsentbacktothewild.Zoostalkalotabouttheircaptivebreedingprogramsbecausetheydonotwantpeopletoworryaboutaspeciesdyingout.Infact,babyanimalsalsoattractalotofpayingcustomers.Haven’tweseenenoughcompetitionstonamebabyanimals?Actually,wewillsaveendangeredspeciesonlyifwesavetheirhabitatsandputanendtothereasonspeoplekillthem.Insteadofsupportingzoos,weshouldsupportgroupsthatworktoprotectanimals’naturalhabitats.17．Inthestateofzoochosis,animals_________.A．remainincages B．behavestrangelyC．a(chǎn)ttackotheranimals D．enjoymovingaround18．Whatdoestheauthortrytoargueinthepassage?A．Zoosarenotworththepublicsupport.B．Zoosfailintheirattempttosaveanimals.C．Zoosshouldtreatanimalsashumanbeings.D．Zoosuseanimalsasameansofentertainment.19．Theauthortriestopersuadereaderstoaccepthisargumentmainlyby_________.A．pointingoutthefaultsinwhatzoosdoB．usingevidencehehascollectedatzoosC．questioningthewayanimalsareprotectedD．discussingtheadvantagesofnaturalhabitats20．Althoughhearguesagainstzoos,theauthorwouldstillagreethat__________.A．zooshavetokeepanimalsinsmallcagesB．mostanimalsinzoosareendangeredspeciesC．someendangeredanimalsarereproducedinzoosD．it’sacceptabletokeepanimalsawayfromtheirhabitats（六）（2020·山東濟南·高二期末）Teenagerswhotravelaroundtheworldalonehavebeenmakingheadlinesquiteoften.Ayoungpersonaloneinadangeroussituationattractsattentionandsponsors.Youngsailorsalsoattractvariousviews.Forexample,JessicaWatsonwasaskedbythegovernmenttocancelhervoyage,yetthePrimeMinistercalledher“aheroforyoungAustralians”whenshereturned.Itseemedthereisconfusionaboutthecompetenceandindependenceofyoungpeople.Thepopularpsychologiststellusthatteenagebrainsarelikelytomakewrongjudgments.Butsuchideasoftendonotapplytospecificindividuals.Betweentheagesof14and18,teenagersvarygreatlyintheirabilities.Theamountofindependencethateachisallowedshouldbedeterminednotsimplybytheiragebutbydiscussionwiththerelated,responsibleadults.Someteensarecertainlyinexperiencedandcapableofchildishmistakes,buttheoneswhoattemptdangerousjourneysnormallydosobywinningtheconfidenceofhard-headedandwell-qualifiedadultsupporters.Butit’salsowrongtothinkthatany16-year-oldcandesiretogetachievementsasunusualasJessicaWatson’s.Watsoncallsherself“anordinarygirlwhohadadream”.Herintentionistoencourageteenagersbutthisideacanhavetheoppositeeffectofmakingthemfeelnotgoodenoughbecausegreatachievementsarebeyondthem.Shouldallteenshavesuchdreams?Actually,individualsfacevaryingcircumstancesthatrestricttheirdreams.Teenagerswhotravelaroundtheworldaloneshouldnotbejudgedbypreconceived(事先形成的)viewsaboutyoungpeople.Norshouldyoung“ordinary”teenagersfeelpressuretolongforextraordinarypersonalgoals.Infact,Ibelievetheexampleofsolosailingoverstressesindividualism.Theteenageyearsarewhenmostofus“ordinary”peoplelearnthatwecanachievegreatthingsincooperationwithothers.21．WhatcanwelearnaboutJessicaWatson?A．Shewascriticizedbythegovernment.B．Sheeventuallycanceledhervoyage.C．Shehastraveledaroundtheworld.D．Shemadeasuccessfulvoyage.22．Whatcanbeinferredaboutteenagersfromthetext?A．Theyhavesimilarabilities.B．Theymakedecisionsontheirown.C．Theyalwaysmakewrongjudgments.D．Theyneedsupportsofresponsibleadults.23．Whodoestheunderlinedword“them”inParagraph3referto?A．Parents. B．Teenagers.C．Psychologists. D．Adults.24．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．DividedOpinionsonYoungAdventurersB．ProblemsFacedbyAdventurousTeensC．VariousWaystoBecomeIndependentD．PressuretoAchievePersonalGoals（七）（2019·山東濟寧·高二期末）HighschoolbiologyteacherKellyChavisknewsmartphoneswereaprobleminherclass.ButnoteventhestudentsrealizedhowmuchofaproblemthedeviceswereuntilChavisdidanin-classexperiment.Foroneclassperiod,studentsusedawhiteboardtocounteverySnapchat,Instagram,text,callthatappearedontheirphones.Chavisisamongagrowingnumberofteachers,parentsandhealthexpertswhobelievethatsmartphonesarenowpartlytoblameforincreasingthelevelsofstudentanxiety.“Onegirl,justduringtheonehour,gotcloseto150Snapchatnotifications.150!”shesaid.JeanTwenge,apsychologyprofessoratSanDiegoStateUniversityinCalifornia,saiditisnotacoincidencethatyouthmentalhealthissueshaverisenwiththenumberofphones.“Thisuseofphoneshasledtoalossofsleepandface-to-faceinteractionsnecessaryfortheirgrowth,”shesaid.Researchersarestillnotsurewhetherphonescausestudentdepressionordepressioncausesphoneuse.Butnearly60percentofparentssaidtheyworryabouttheinfluenceofsocialmediaontheirchild’sphysicalandmentalhealth.Bothschoolsandparentsarestartingtotakestepstodealwiththeproblem.Manypublicschoolspayoutsidecompaniestowatchstudents’socialmediaactivityforsignsofanxiety.Otherschoolsinviteinyogateachersandcomfortdogstohelpcalmstudents.25．What’sthepurposeofChavis’sexperiment?A．Toseehowmanystudentshavesmartphones.B．Tofindouthowpopularherstudentsare.C．Toshowsmartphonesinfluenceteenagersgreatly.D．Totellherstudentshowtousesmartphoneswisely.26．HowdidKellyChavisfeelabouttheresult?A．Shocked. B．Excited. C．Satisfied. D．Frightened.27．WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtoJeanTwenge?A．Studentsarenowundergreatstress.B．Studentsspendtoomuchmoneyonsmartphones.C．Over-usingphonescausedropsinstudents’grades.D．Over-usingphonesmayharmstudents’bodyandmind.28．Whatmightbetalkedaboutifthepassageiscontinued?A．Howotherschoolsdealwithstudents’phones.B．Whetherthewaystohandlephonesareeffective.C．Howsomeparentsdealwiththeirchildren’sphones.D．Whetherstudentsarewillingtogiveupusingphones.（八）（2019·重慶·高二期末）Iwaswatchingakiddoingtricksonhisskateboard.Hewasdoingprettywelluntilhetriedtoskatedownasetofstepsandlosthisbalance.Theskateboardwentonewayandhewenttheother.But,lyingontheconcrete,hestillmanagedtokeephissenseofhumor.Helookedatme,smiledandsaid,“Epicfail!”Theterm“epicfail”isn’tpropergrammaticalEnglish(weshouldusethenounform“failure”),butitiscommonlyusedandperfectlyacceptable.Peopleuseittodescribesmallembarrassmentsaswellasseriousmistakes.Thekidontheskateboardsufferedasmallembarrassment.AnexampleofaseriousepicfailwouldbeHillaryClinton’slosstoDonaldTrumpintheU.S.presidentialelection.Theonlydifferencebetweenthetwowashowtheyrespondedtotheirepicfails.Thekidlaughedathisembarrassmentandgotbackonhisskateboard.HillaryClinton,ontheotherhand,couldnotacceptherepicfailbut,instead,wroteabitterbookaboutitinwhichsheblamedeveryonebutherselffortheloss.Allofuscanexpecttohaveepicfailsinourlife.Wemightfailanexamornotwinaprizeinsomecompetition.Laterinlife,wemaynotgetthejobwewantorbeassuccessfulaswehopedwewouldbe.Butifwemanagetokeepoursenseofhumorandapositiveattitude,wecanovercomeourepicfails.Oneembarrassingmistakeorevenaseriousdisappointmentdoesnotmeantheendoftheworld.Here’sahistoricalexampleofwhatImean.AlfredtheGreat(849-899)wasanEnglishkinginancientBritain.Atthetime,hiskingdomwasbeinginvadedbyVikingsandAlfredsufferedanepicfailwhenhisarmywasdefeatedinabigbattle.Hemanagedtoescapefromthebattlefieldandfoundsafetymanymilesawayinthehutofapoorpeasantwoman.Thewomandidn’tknowwhohewasandwhenshehadtoleavethehuttodosomechores,shetoldAlfredtowatchsomewheatcakesthatwerecookingonthefire.Alfred,stillthinkingabouthisbigepicfail,forgotaboutthecakesandtheywereburned.Whenthewomanreturned,shescoldedAlfred,buthedidn’tgetangry.Hercriticism,instead,seemedtohelphimputhissituationintoperspective.Soonafter,Alfredleftthehut,gatheredhisscatteredarmyanddefeatedtheVikings.Epicfails,bigandsmall,canalwaysbeovercomewiththerightattitude.29．Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingisNOTanepicfail?A．Bedefeatedinabasketballmatch.B．Slipwhendancinginfrontofyourfriends.C．Failtowinaprizeinacompetition.D．Getblamedforyourfriend’smistake.30．Accordingtothearticle,howdidHillaryClintonrespondtoherepicfail?A．Shewroteabookanalyzingherfailure.B．Shelaughedatherfailurewithasenseofhumor.C．Shefailedtorecognizeherresponsibilityinthefailure.D．Shethoughtabouthowshecouldperformbetterinthenextelection.31．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Allofuscanencounterepicfailinourlife.B．Weusetheterm“epicfail”todescribebigmistakesonly.C．Ifwechangeourattitude,wemaynotsufferfromepicfailD．Aseriousembarrassmentcanbecomparedwiththeendoftheworld32．BymentioningthestoryofAlfredtheGreat,theauthorwantstoillustratethat____.A．evenkingsmayencounterepicfailsB．itiseasierforforgetfulpeopletoovercomeepicfailsC．a(chǎn)llepicfailscanbeovercomewiththerightattitudeD．criticismplaysanimportantroleinovercomingepicfails（九）（2020·湖北恩施·高二期末）Tome,Shakespeareisabitofatouchysubjectinthetheatreindustry.IbelieveShakespeare’splaystobethemostchallengingintermsoflanguage.Whenyouhavechallenginglanguage,thenunderstandingtheplotandtopicswillbecomeachallengeaswell.It’slikeachain.Ifyoudon’tunderstanditfromthestart,itmakesthingshardlateronandpeopletendtogiveuponit.Regardlessofallofthis,IbelieveShakespeareisimportantinthesensethatit’swheretruetheatrestarted.WilliamShakespeareisanameeveryoneknowsregardlessofwhetheryouenjoyhisworksornot.ManyhighschoolsorcollegesputonatleastoneShakespeareplayeveryfewyearsandIlikethat.Ithinkit’simportanttoexposestudentstoplaysthatareabitmorechallengingthantheyusedtobe.Ofcourse.it’snoteasytounderstandtheseplaysbutthenthinkaboutthepeoplewhoactinthoseplays.Whenacting,youhavetounderstandyourcharacterandnotonlythat,youneedtocompletelyknoweverythinggoingonaroundyouaswell.Sotounderstandthescript(劇本)isonething.buttoactinaShakespeareplayisawholeanotherthing.Howaboutmemorizingthelines?That’soneofthehardestthingsactorshavetogetthrough.Itissuchheightenedlanguagethatit’salmostlikelearningaforeignlanguage.Shakespeareistoughandthat’swhatIthinkIloveitthemost.Thechallengeisunderstanding.Onceyouhavethatthenyouhaveroomtoplaywithit.Therefore,ifpeoplewalkedintoaShakespeareplaywithmoreofanopenmind,theirexperiencewouldbesomuchbetter.Thereisalargeamountofexplorationanddiscoveryinhisplaysandtheexperiencecanbereallysatisfying.It’shardstuff,butit’sfascinatingandweshouldbeembracingit.33．What’sthebiggestchallengeinunderstandingShakespeare’splays?A．Thechallenginglanguage. B．Thevarietyofitstopic.C．Thecomplicatedplot. D．Thememorablecharacters.34．What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsputtingonShakespeare’splaysatcolleges?A．Critical. B．Cautious.C．Favorable. D．Indifferent.35．WhatdoesthetextsuggestpeopledowhenenjoyingShakespeare’splays?A．Actthemout. B．Rememberthelinesinthem.C．LearnShakespeare’slanguage. D．Enjoythemwithanopenmind.36．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．ThecharacteristicsofShakespeare’splays.B．TheplotsandtopicsofShakespeare’splays.C．TheimportanceandwayofenjoyingShakespeare’splays.D．ThestressfromperformingShakespeare’splays.（十）（2021·江蘇·金陵中學高二期末）Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouareaspecialist.Knowingalittleaboutalotofthingsthatinterestyoucanaddtotherichnessofawhole,well-livedlife.Societypushesustospecialize,tobecomeexperts.Thisrequirescommitmenttoaparticularoccupation,branchofstudyorresearch.Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.Thereisagreatdealofpressuretomasterone’sfield.Youmaypursuetraining,degrees,orincreasinglevelsofresponsibilityatwork.Thenyoudiscoverthepressureofhavingtokeepup.Somepeopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockintheirnarrowspecialty.Butsuchcommitmentcanalsoweakenasenseoffreedom.Thesespecialistscouldworkattheofficeuntilteneachnight,thenlookbackandrealizetheywouldhavelovedtohavegonehomeandenjoyedthesweetnessoftheirfamilyandfriends,ortraveledtoexcitingplaces,meetinginterestingpeople.Masteringonethingtotheexclusion(排除)ofotherscanholdbackyourtruespirit.Generalists,ontheotherhand,knowalotaboutawiderangeofsubjectsandviewthewholewithallitsconnections.Theyarepeopleofability,talent,andenthusiasmwhocanbringtheirbroadperspectiveintospecificfieldsofexpertise(專長).Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetandphilosopherisasuperiordoctor,onewhocangivesomuch