選擇性必修第四冊(cè)

Unit4

Everydayeconomics

?主題語境:人與社會(huì)（創(chuàng)新與創(chuàng)業(yè)意識(shí)）

自主學(xué)習(xí)［夯實(shí)基礎(chǔ)

Part1單元詞匯...................分類自測(cè)

9.shutoffautomatically

l.getanextrabonus得至（一

自動(dòng)關(guān)閉

筆額外的獎(jiǎng)金

10.theeducationoffreshmen

2.provideenoughcalories提供足

一年級(jí)學(xué)生的教育

夠的卡路里

閱讀11.ascarontheforehead額頭

3.therebyreducetherisk由此減少

詞匯上有一道疤

危險(xiǎn)

____12.vicechairwoman副女主

4.cartheft偷盜汽車

語境席

5.theelectronicpurse電子錢包

識(shí)意13.seethesunrise看日出

6.rationalchoice基于理性的選擇

14.northoftheequator赤道

7.discriminateagainstnoone不歧

以北

視任何人

15.abiginputofresources資

8.theenterprisingspirit創(chuàng)業(yè)精神

源的大量投入

第一組：動(dòng)詞變形9.expensiveadj.昂貴的fexpense

1.frustratev.使懊喪，使沮喪n.費(fèi)用，花費(fèi)

-^frustrationn.懊喪，懊惱，沮喪10.automaticadj.自動(dòng)的

拓展ffrustrateda5.沮喪的；懊惱的-^automaticallyadv.自動(dòng)地

詞匯-^frustrating〃的?.令人沮喪的11.sorrown.令人悲傷的事，不幸

—2.manufacturev.大量生產(chǎn)fsorrowfuladj.悲傷的；悲痛的

變形-^manufacturern.制造商；制造公司，12.finance〃.財(cái)政,金融ffinancial

拼寫制造廠。力財(cái)政的，金融的；財(cái)務(wù)的

3.discriminatev.不公正地區(qū)別對(duì)待，13.potentialn.（事物的）潛力，可

歧視一discriminationn.歧視；區(qū)別；能性fpotentially或加.可能地，潛

辨別力；識(shí)別力在地

4.consultv.商量，請(qǐng)教fconsultant14.convention〃.慣例；習(xí)俗

n.顧問fconsultationn.咨詢；商討-^conventional〃的?.傳統(tǒng)的,常規(guī)的

5.distributev,分發(fā)；分銷fdistribution15.subjectn.主題；話題；科目；

〃.（商品的）分銷，經(jīng)銷主語fsubjective〃力?.主觀的

6.guidev.指引；闡明；指導(dǎo)fguidance-^subjectivelyado.主觀地

n.指導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)16.entrepreneurn.企業(yè)家，創(chuàng)業(yè)

7.accumulatev.積累，積聚者fentrepreneurialadj.創(chuàng)業(yè)的,具

-^accumulationn.積累；堆積物有創(chuàng)業(yè)精神的

第二組：名詞、形容詞變形17.superior〃力質(zhì)量上乘的，優(yōu)質(zhì)

8.dizzya辦頭暈?zāi)垦５膄dizzilyadv.的—superiorityn,優(yōu)勢(shì)；優(yōu)越感

頭暈眼花地fdizziness頭暈眼花

?掌握規(guī)律?詞匯拓展?

后綴-age,用在動(dòng)詞或形容詞后變名詞，表示狀態(tài)、狀況，多為不可數(shù)名詞后綴。

①cover覆蓋一coverage覆蓋范圍②marry結(jié)婚fmarriage婚姻③shrink收

縮一shrinkage收縮④short短缺一shortage缺乏⑤post郵寄一postage郵資

⑥leak泄露一leakage泄漏

學(xué)生用書，第291頁

1.(2024?新課標(biāo)I卷)Farber,agraduate8.Theteachersaidthatmygrades

ofColoradoStateUniversity,startedoutwereexceeding(exceed)her

核心asamoreconventional(convention)expectationsthissemester,which

詞匯veterinarian.mademeveryhappy.

2.(2024?浙江1月卷)Therefore,justaswe9.Theteacherguidedusthrough

單句needtobemorethoughtfulaboutouralltheimportantpointsandwe

應(yīng)用caloric(calorie)consumption,wealsogotfullypreparedunderthe

needtobemorethoughtfulaboutourguidanceofherbeforethe

informationconsumption...exam,(guide)

3.(2022?全國乙卷)ItcomesaftermorelO.Thepurposeofeducationis

thanhalfofsoftdrinkssoldinshopshavenotonlytheaccumulationof

hadtheirsugarlevelscutbyknowledgebutitalsomeans

manufacturers(manufacture)sotheycanaccumulatingintelligenceaswell

avoidpayingthetax.asabilities.(accumulate)

4.Heappearedtobetreatingthe11.Everyonemayhavehisorher

potentially(potential)explosivesituationfrustrationinlife.Sometimesthe

withsomesensitivity.frustratingexperiencesmakeme

5.Afterspinningaroundontheride,Ifeltfrustrated,(frustrate)

astrongdizziness(dizzy)andhadtosit12.Thecarissoexpensive.It'stoo

downforamoment.muchofanexpenseformetoown

6.Yesterday,Ipurchased(purchase)athattypeofcar.(expense)

newbookfromthebookstorethatIhad13.Whoeverwilltakechargeof

wantedtoreadformonths.thedistributionoffoodand

7.Thesoupwasmildly(mild)spicy,soIclothingisreadytohelp

couldstilltastealltheflavorswithoutitvolunteersdistributethemtothose

beingtoohot.inneed.(distribute)

Part2短語句式.....................教材精選

I.選擇合適的短語并用其正確形式填空

endup,makeendsmeet,responseto,attheexpenseof,gointodebt,besuperior

to,rentout,interferewith,varyfrom...to...,asto,inthehopeof,keep...inmind,

takeadvantageof,rowuponrow,outofdebt,takeadeepbreath,startout,asisoften

thecase,besubjectto

1.Theprojectissubjecttoapprovalfromtheboard.

2.Withtherisingcostofliving,itcanbechallengingtomakeendsmeetona

minimumwage.

3.Asisoftenthecase,peoplestareattheirphoneswhilewaitingforbuses.

4.Itisimportanttoteachchildrenaboutpersonalboundariesandwhattodoif

someonetriestointerferewiththem.

5.Ifyoukeepspendingmoneylikethisusingsomanycreditcards,youllgointo

debt.

6.LastsummerBrianrentedouthishouseandwentcamping.

7.Whenyoufeelstressed,takeadeepbreathandrelax.

8.Weneedtostartoutearlybecausethejourneywilltakesixhours.

9.Theexhibitionfeaturesartworksvaryingfromclassicalpaintingstomodern

sculptures.

10.Thenewmodelissuperiortothepreviousversionintermsofperformance.

n.根據(jù)所給漢語和要求完成下面的句子

1.他感激之情溢于言表，眼淚不由自主地流了下來。(獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu))

Hewasoverwhelmedwithgratitude,tearsrollingdownwithoutcontrol.

2.這一證據(jù)過于籠統(tǒng)，不足以支持他的論點(diǎn)。(enoughtodosth)

Theevidenceisnotdetailedenoughtosupporthisargument.

學(xué)生用書》第292頁

深度學(xué)習(xí)拓展能力

Part1核心詞匯..........多維練透

Elguidancen.指導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)

巧歸納

(l)undersb'sguidance/undertheguidanceofsb在某人的指導(dǎo)下

(2)guidev.指導(dǎo)；指引”.向?qū)?/p>

guidesbto...指引某人去...

①Withanativeguiding(guide)us,wefinallyfoundtheancienttemple.

②［應(yīng)用文寫作之感謝信］在您的專業(yè)指導(dǎo)下，我們的英語比以前更好了，并

在最近的考試中取得了令人滿意的成績(jī)。

Underyourprofessionalguidance,ourEnglishisbetterthanbeforeandwehave

achievedsatisfactoryresultsintherecentexams.

③您的指導(dǎo)對(duì)于本專欄取得巨大成功將有重大價(jià)值。

Yourguidancewillbeinvaluableinmakingthiscolumnagreatsuccess.

④這條路越來越危險(xiǎn)，地圖指引著他們穿過茂密的樹林和泥濘的濕地。

Thepathgrewmoredangerous,andthemapsguidedthemthroughthickwoods

andmuddywetlands.

Bexpensen.費(fèi)用，花費(fèi)

巧歸納

atsb*sexpense由某人付錢/負(fù)擔(dān)費(fèi)用

attheexpenseof

在犧牲（或損害）……的情況下

sparenoexpense不惜一切代價(jià)

putsbtotheexpenseof（doing）sth

使某人花錢（于……）

①Toooften,whenyoustanduptogiveaspeech,youfocusonthe“public“atthe

expenseofthe"speaking”.

②Nowadaysmoreandmoregirlstrytobecomeslimattheexpenseofsacrificing

theirhealth（以犧牲她們的健康為代價(jià)）.

③［讀后續(xù)寫之情感細(xì)節(jié)描寫］令她震驚且高興的是，他不惜代價(jià)把一切安排

得井井有條。

Tohershockandexcitement,he'sarrangedeverything,noexpensespared.

④公司出錢請(qǐng)我們外出就餐。

Weweretakenoutforamealatthecompany'sexpensi.

?gointodebt陷入債務(wù)之中，負(fù)債

巧歸納

indebt（tosb）

欠（某人）債；受（某人）恩惠

owesbadebt欠某人債;欠某人人情

outofdebt不欠債

payoffdebts還清債務(wù)

fall/get/runintodebt

陷入債務(wù)之中；負(fù)債

getoutofdebt擺脫債務(wù)

①Hewent（go）intodebttostarthisownbusinessandhopedtheriskwouldpay

offinthelongrun.

②Ifapersonisheavilyindebt,heisunabletoearnhisliving,letalonegain

independence.

③經(jīng)過多年的努力，他終于成功擺脫了債務(wù)。

Afteryearsofhardwork,hefinallymanagedtogatoutofdebt.

④［中國元素］隨著中國經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展，中國的許多年輕企業(yè)家愿意負(fù)債，

他們相信潛在的回報(bào)超過了暫時(shí)的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)。

WiththerapiddevelopmentofChina'seconomy,manyyoungentrepreneursin

Chinaarewillingtogointodebt,believingthatthepotentialrewardsoutweighthe

temporaryfinancialburden.

Part2經(jīng)典句式.....................寫作遷移

■句型公式：enoughtodosth足夠...做某事（結(jié)果狀語）

巧歸納

（1）該句型常用“形容詞/副詞+enoughtodo”結(jié)構(gòu)，動(dòng)詞不定式常作結(jié)果狀語。

（2）不搭配enough時(shí)，動(dòng)詞不定式短語也可以作結(jié)果狀語，但常常放在逗號(hào)后,

表示意想不到的結(jié)果。

①Ifyou'reluckyenoughtoreceivegifts（足夠幸運(yùn)收到禮物），keepthemina

safeplace.

②［讀后續(xù)寫之情感細(xì)節(jié)描寫］獨(dú)自走在黑暗的樹林嚇得我毛骨悚然。

Walkingaloneinthedarkforestwasscaryenoughtomakemyhairstandonend.

學(xué)生用書,第293頁

③（2023?新課標(biāo)I卷讀后續(xù)寫）Itwasyourencouragementthatmademebrave

enoughtosignupforthecontest（足夠勇敢去報(bào)名參賽）.

④他的父親終于宣布他長(zhǎng)大了，可以幫忙放羊了。

Hisfatherhadfinallydeclaredhimoldenoughtohelptakethesheeptoherd.

Part3語境辨義.....................舉一反三

I.熟詞生義（寫出句中加黑詞匯的詞性及漢語意思）

1.（2020?浙江7月卷）Weyelledatthebear,hitpotshard,andfiredblankshotgun

shellsintotheair.ad/.空的

2.（2022?浙江1月卷）Thebenefitsofregularexercisearewelldocumentedbut

there'sanewbonustoaddtotheever-growinglist.".額外的好處

3.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspoken

bymanypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.也福

和的

4.（2022?全國乙卷）Theresultswereclear：Ouryoungsubjectscomprehendedthe

questionsandknewexactlywhatwasaskedofthem.〃.實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象，接受試驗(yàn)者

5.（2022?全國乙卷）FirstannouncedinApril,2016,thetaxwhichappliestosoft

drinkscontainingmorethan5gofsugarper100ml,wasintroducedtohelpreduce

childhoodobesity（肥胖）.”推行，實(shí)施，采用

6.（2022?全國甲卷）Ayearlater,muchtomydelight,thismanproducedalittle

boxwitharingandproposedtome.”.拿出，出示

7.Butwewanttogobeyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.n.

本質(zhì)

II.一詞多義（選出下列單詞在句中的正確釋義）

1.bonus

A.兒獎(jiǎng)金，額外津貼B.兒額外的好處

C.九（在電影、電視劇或書籍中）額外的一集或章節(jié)D.九意外收獲

①Thebonusofthisjobistheflexibleworkinghours.B

②Theemployeesreceivedabonusfortheirhardworkthroughouttheyear.A

③Thedirector'scutincludesabonusscenethatwasnotinthetheatricalrelease.

C

2,mild

A.〃力溫和的B.。矽?.輕微的，不嚴(yán)重的

C.〃打淡的，不濃烈的D.〃力柔軟的，不粗糙的

①Thefabrichasamildtexturethatfeelssofttothetouch.D

②Heprefershiscoffeemild,withouttoomuchbitterness.C

（3）Shehadamildcoldandhopeditwouldn'tgetworse.B

隨堂鞏固豕度而底

I.語篇語境綜合練(語境創(chuàng)新一詞匯再練)

Everydayeconomicscansometimesseem1.dizzily(dizzy)complex,butitaffects

usall.Forinstance,weallneedtomakeendsmeet,whichmeansmanagingour

2.financial(finance)resourceswisely.Peopleoftenfeel3.mildly(mild)confusedabout

termslikedistributionor4.potentially(potential)losingmoney,especiallywhen

5.conventional(convention)methodsareinterferedwith.

Considerthecaseofsomeonewhohas6.accumulated(accumulate)some

wealth.Theymightdecidetorentoutanextraroomtoincreasetheir

學(xué)生用書》第294頁

income.However,theyhavetobecarefulabouttheftorotherissues.Theycould

evenhirea7.consultant(consult)forbetterguidance.

Sometimes,whatis8.purchased(purchase)maynotmeetexpectationsdueto

9.subjective(subject)experiences,makingthesituation10,sorrowful(sorrow)forthe

buyer.Moreover,successmightcome11.automatically(automatic)tosomeandbe

hardertoothersattheexpenseoftheirtimeandefforts.Economistsmustbe

12.discriminating(discriminate)observerstounderstandthesetrendsandoffer

solutions.

n.真題難句拓展練(剖析長(zhǎng)句——精準(zhǔn)翻譯)

1.(2023?浙江1月卷)Asyoumakeyourlifestylechanges,youmayfindyourself

wantingtospeakupforyourselfifotherscommentonwhatyou'redoing,whichcan

turnitselfintoawholehouseholddebate.

［剖析］本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。句子主干為主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)youmayfind

yourselfwanting...；as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句；if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句；what作comment

on的賓語；which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。

［翻譯］當(dāng)你改變自己的生活方式時(shí)，你可能會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)，如果別人對(duì)你的所作

所為發(fā)表評(píng)論，你會(huì)想為自己爭(zhēng)辯，這可能會(huì)變成整個(gè)家庭的爭(zhēng)論。

2.(2021?新高考I卷)Ithappenedthattheplantdowntownneededeightkidsfor

temporaryhelpduringourspringbreak,forwhichIhadnoplansbeyondlisteningto

myfavoriterecords.

［剖析］本句是一個(gè)復(fù)合句。句子主干為“Ithappenedthat...”句型,意為“碰

巧，恰好..."；that引導(dǎo)主語從句；forwhich引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,which

指代前面的springbreako

［翻譯］碰巧在我們放春假的時(shí)候，位于市中心的這家工廠需要八個(gè)孩子臨

時(shí)幫忙，而我除了聽喜歡的唱片，也沒什么特別要做的事情。

情境遷移

I.應(yīng)用文寫作增分練——身邊的經(jīng)濟(jì)（介紹中國便利的支付方式）

結(jié)合本單元話題，用單元詞匯、經(jīng)典句型完成下面的應(yīng)用文寫作并背誦。

［基礎(chǔ)語料］

單元potential,purchase,superior,theft,financial,automatically,thereby;atthe

詞匯expenseof,makeendsmeet,interferewith,gointodebt

經(jīng)由it形式主語句型；but轉(zhuǎn)折并列句；making動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語；as狀語

句型從句；which非限制性定語從句

［情境呈現(xiàn)］

假定你是李華，你的新西蘭筆友Alex來信說，他們那兒買東西還是以現(xiàn)金、

支票和刷信用卡為主，他非常想了解中國人在日常生活中的支付方式，跟過去有

什么變化等等。請(qǐng)你回復(fù)郵件回答相關(guān)問題。

［思路點(diǎn)撥］

人稱以第三人稱為主

時(shí)態(tài)以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主

內(nèi)容要第一段引出主題（寫郵件的目的）一第二段介紹具體情況一結(jié)尾提出

點(diǎn)線索希望

［寫作輸出］

DearAlex,

ThankyouforyourinterestinhowwemakepurchasesinChina.⑴It's

fascinatingtoseehowdifferentcultureshandle行nandaldeals（看至！J不同的文化如何

處理錢款交易是很有趣的；financial;it形式主語句型）.

（2）Inthepast,cashwasking,butnow,digitalpaymentshavetakenthelead（過

去,現(xiàn)金為王，但現(xiàn)在,數(shù)字支付已經(jīng)占據(jù)了主導(dǎo)地位;but轉(zhuǎn)折并列句）.Mobileapps

likeAlipayandWeChatPayhavebecomesuperiorfortheirconvenienceand

security.（3）Theyautomaticallytakeawaythecostfromyouraccount,therebymaking

transactionsconvenient（他們會(huì)自動(dòng)從你的賬戶中扣除費(fèi)用，從而使交易變得方便；

automatically,thereby；making動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語）.（4）Thepotentialfortheftis

reducedascashislessfrequentlyused（由于現(xiàn)金的使用頻率降低，盜竊的可能性也

降低了；potential,theft;as弓I導(dǎo)狀語從句）.（5）Thishasbeenafinancialbenefitfor

many,whichhelpsthemmakeendsmeetwithoutthefearoflosingmoney（這對(duì)許多

人來說是一種經(jīng)濟(jì)上的好處，因?yàn)樗鼛椭麄兙S持收支平衡，而不用擔(dān)心賠錢；

financial,makeendsmeet；which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句）.

學(xué)生用書,第295頁

IhopethisgivesyouaglimpseintothemodemwayofpaymentinChina.

Bestregards,

LiHua

［變式表達(dá)］

根據(jù)句⑸意義完成下面句子，保持意義基本一致。

Thishasbroughtfinancialadvantagestonumerousindividuals,enablingthemto

managetheirfinanceseffectivelywithoutworryingaboutmoneyloss.

n.讀后續(xù)寫微點(diǎn)練——節(jié)儉的母親善于利用日常廢舊物品（膽怯害羞）

［基礎(chǔ)語料］

shy害羞的

timid膽小的

reserved內(nèi)向的

fearful害怕的

anxious焦慮的

詞匯hesitant猶豫的

nervous緊張的

beafraidofone'sownshadow

膽小到連自己的影子都害怕

havestagefright怯場(chǎng)

betongue-tied張口結(jié)舌

句式where引導(dǎo)定語從句；when引導(dǎo)狀語從句；獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)

l.Shefeltshywhenspeakinginfrontofalargegroupforthefirsttime.

她第一次在一大群人面前講話時(shí)感到害羞。

2.Hewastootimidtoaskhisbossforaraise.

他太膽小，不敢要求老板加薪。

細(xì)節(jié)3.Hesitanttoexpressheropinion,sheremainedsilentduringthemeeting.

描寫她猶豫著表達(dá)自己的觀點(diǎn)，在會(huì)議中保持沉默。

4.Histimidnaturemadeitdifficultforhimtomakenewfriends.

他膽小的性格使得他很難結(jié)交新朋友。

5.Thereservedstudentsatquietlyinthecomeroftheclassroom.

那個(gè)內(nèi)向的學(xué)生靜靜地坐在教室的角落里。

［情境呈現(xiàn)］

（2024?八校聯(lián)考?讀后續(xù)寫）

敘述者的母親非常節(jié)儉，喜歡重復(fù)利用物品一去年，家里的玉米田收成不好，

因?yàn)轼B吃了莊稼一母親開

始把看似無用的東西都存放在閣樓上一母親收到了一頂漂亮的帽子作為禮物,

但她既不想扔掉也不想戴一母親拿著帽子去了閣樓，Josh和敘述者聽到她在移動(dòng)

箱子一母親用一個(gè)裝滿稻草的面粉袋和帽子做了一個(gè)稻草人，但覺得它還不夠堅(jiān)

固和嚇人一

［思路點(diǎn)撥］

文體：記敘文人稱：第三人稱時(shí)態(tài)：一般過去時(shí)為主

續(xù)寫思路：根據(jù)所給句子“Comewithme!”Joshcalledout.可知，接下來可能要

寫母親描述她是如何用閣樓上的其他物品來加固和裝飾稻草人的?；蛘逬osh和敘

述者如何幫助母親改進(jìn)稻草人，使其更適合放在田里嚇唬鳥。

［寫作輸出］

“Comewithme!”Joshcalledoz/AThenextinstant,heracedupstairswith

lightningspeed.（1）1hurriedtofollowhimintotheattic>wherewebeganathorough

search（我急忙跟著他進(jìn)了閣樓,在那里我們開始了徹底的搜索；where引導(dǎo)定語

從句wasamusedbyourexcitementwhenwefoundthebrokenumbrellas

（當(dāng)我們找到了破雨傘時(shí)，媽媽被我們的興奮逗樂了；when引導(dǎo)狀語從句）andused

themasthebackboneofthescarecrow.（3）Afterthat,wesortedoutsomeoldsheetsand

tiedthemon（之后,我們整理了一些舊床單并把它們系在稻草人上）.Thescarecrow

nowlookedevenscarier.（4）Wedraggedourcreationtothecornfieldandplantedit

firmlyinthemud,ourheartsfullofhope（我們把我們的創(chuàng)造物拖到玉米地，把它牢

牢地栽在泥土里，心中充滿了希望；獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）.

［變式表達(dá)］

用動(dòng)詞-ed形式短語作狀語改寫句（2）。

Amusedbyourexcitementwhenwefoundthebrokenumbrellas.Momusedthem

asthebackboneofthescarecrow.

對(duì)應(yīng)學(xué)生

單元測(cè)評(píng)40Unit4Everydayeconomics

用書P437

（時(shí)間：30分鐘滿分：35分）

（本欄目?jī)?nèi)容在學(xué)生用書中以活頁形式分冊(cè)裝訂?。?/p>

I.閱讀理解（本題共8個(gè)小題；每小題2.5分，共20分）

A

（2025?武漢二調(diào)）

JosefaMarinwenttoNewYorkfromMexicoin1987,supportingherdaughter

backhomewiththe$140aweeksheearnedatasweaterfactory.Withthatsmall

income,shehadtocollectrecyclables,tradingincansforfivecentseach.

Whentheclothingfactorycloseddowninthelate2000s,shebecameafull-time

recycler,pickingupcansandbottlestomakeendsmeet.

Marin'sstoryisnotunique.Millionsaroundtheworldmakealivingfrom

pickingthroughwasteandresellingit——avitalrolethatkeepswastemanageable.In

NewYorkCity,theadministrativedepartmentcollectsonlyabout28percentofthe

cansthatcouldberecycled.Rubbishcollectorskeepmillionsofadditionalrecyclables

outoflandfillseveryyear.

Yetcollectorsareruledoutbygovernmentpolicies.TheUnitedStatesSupreme

Courtin1988statedthathouseholdgarbageispublicpropertyonceit'sonthe

street.Thatenablespolicetosearchrubbishforevidence,butthatprotectionhasn't

alwaysbeenextendedtorecyclers.AndinplaceslikeNewYorkCity,whichistesting

city-ownedlockedcontainerstohidegarbagefromrats,containersaremadeclearly

inaccessibleforcollectors.

“There'svalueinthewaste,andwefeelthatvalueshouldbelongtothepeople,

notthecityorthecorporations,“saysRyanCastalia,directorofanon-profit

recyclingandcommunitycenterinBrooklyn.

Recognizedornot,wastepickershavelongbeentreatedwithdisrespect.Marin

recallsanoccasionwhensomeonelivingnexttoabuildingwhereshewascollecting

cansthrewwaterather."BecauseIrecycledoesn'tmeanIamlessofapersonthan

anyoneelse,“shesays.

Somegovernmentsarestartingtorealizethatprotectingtheenvironmentand

humanitygohandinhand.TheUnitedNation's2030AgendaforSustainable

Development,forexample,callsforanendtopovertyandalltherisksitbrings.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了垃圾收集者收集可回收物品

來維持生計(jì)，但這個(gè)職業(yè)往往受到政府政策的排斥和社會(huì)的不尊重。文章最后提

到，一些政府開始意識(shí)到保護(hù)環(huán)境與保護(hù)人類權(quán)益的重要性是相輔相成的。

1.Whatistheauthor'spurposeoftellingaboutMarin?

A.Tohighlightwastecollectors1role.

B-Toreflectlaid-offworkers1hardship.

C.Topraiseherdevotiontoherdaughter.

D.Toshowtheseriousnessofunemployment.

答案：A

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Withthatsmallincome,shehadto

collectrecyclables,tradingincansforfivecentseach."和文章第三段的第二句可推

知，Marin是垃圾收集者，作者講述Marin的事情的目的是強(qiáng)調(diào)垃圾收集者的作

用。故選Ao

2.Howdoestheauthorshowtheimportanceofwastepickers*work?

A.Bycontrasting.

B-Bycitingreference.

C.Bygivingdefinitions.

D.Bycause-effectanalysis.

答案：A

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段中“InNewYorkCity,theadministrative

departmentcollectsonlyabout28percentofthecansthatcouldberecycled.Rubbish

collectorskeepmillionsofadditionalrecyclablesoutoflandfillseveryyear.”可推知，

作者通過對(duì)比政府和垃圾收集者的收集數(shù)據(jù)，展示垃圾收集者工作的重要性。故

選Ao

3.WhatwouldMarinagreewith?

A.Businessisbusiness.

B-Nojobisnobleorhumble.

C.Theearlybirdscatchworms.

D.Onegoodturndeservesanother.

答案：B

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段Marin說的話"BecauseIrecycle

doesn'tmeanIamlessofapersonthananyoneelse”可知,Marin認(rèn)為，她回收垃

圾并不意味著她比其他人差。由此可推知,Marin認(rèn)為工作沒有高貴或卑微之分。

故選B。

4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Howcanweendpoverty?

B-Whoownsourgarbage?

C?Whotakesblameforwaste?

D.Howshouldwerecyclerubbish?

答案：B

解析：標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文，尤其根據(jù)文章第四段中的“TheUnitedStates

SupremeCourtin1988statedthathouseholdgarbageispublicpropertyonceit'son

thestreet.”和第五段內(nèi)容可知，文章從垃圾的歸屬問題入手，呼吁政府不僅要關(guān)

注環(huán)境治理也要關(guān)注人類權(quán)益。所以B項(xiàng)"Whoownsourgarbage?”適合作文

章的最佳標(biāo)題。故選B。

B

（2025-T8聯(lián)考）

Abouttenyearsago,loggingintoFacebook,Twitter,orInstagramwouldmostly

showpostsfromfriendsandfamilyintheordertheywereposted.Today,these

platformspresentamixofcontent,tailoredbyalgorithms（算法）tomatchusers*

interests,whetherit'splants,sports,cats,orpolitics.

KyleChayka,awriterforTheNewYorker,discussesthistopicinhisbook,

Filterworld:HowAlgorithmsFlattenedCulture.Heexplainsthatalgorithmsanalyze

userdatatopredictandinfluencewhattheywilllikelyengagewith.Thismeansthat

insteadofasimple,chronologicalfeed,usersencounteradynamicstream,constantly

adaptingtotheirpreferences.Chaykaexamineshowthesealgorithmic

recommendationscontrolwhatweconsume,frommusicandmoviestofoodandtravel

destinations.Hearguesthatthismachine-drivenselectionprocesshasturnedusinto

passiveconsumers,makingourpreferencesandtastesmoresimilar.

Chaykapointsoutthatalgorithmsmakeuspassivebyalwaysshowingus

contentthatwe'reunlikelytoclickawayfrombutwon'tfindtoounexpectedor

challenging.Thisconstantstreamofrecommendationsreducesourexposuretodiverse

orchallengingcontent,subtlyshapingourpreferencesandbehaviors.

Moreover,Chaykapointsoutthatalgorithmsalsopressurecontentcreators,like

musiciansandartists,totailortheirworktofitthesedigitalplatforms.Forinstance,

musiciansonSpotifyorTikTokmightfocusoncreatingcatchyhooksatthebeginning

oftheirsongstograbthelistener'sattention.

Despitethestrongpresenceofthesealgorithms,Chaykabelievesthatregulation

couldreducetheirinfluence.HesuggeststhatifMeta,theparentcompanyofFacebook,

wererequiredtoseparateitsvariousservices,likeInstagramorWhatsApp,andmake

themcompetewitheachother,itcouldgiveusersmorecontrolandchoiceovertheir

digitalconsumption.

Insummary,thechangefromsimple,time-orderedsocialmediapoststo

algorithm-drivencontenthasabigimpactonboththeviewersandthecreators,

influencingwhatwesee,hear,andeventhink.Chayka*sinsightshighlighttheneedfor

greaterawarenessandpotentiallymoreregulationinourincreasinglydigitalworld.

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了如今社交媒體運(yùn)用算法，

根據(jù)用戶的喜好進(jìn)行相應(yīng)的推送。

5.Accordingtothetext,howhavesocialmediaplatformschangedinthepastten

years?

A.Theyshowpostsinatime-basedorder.

B-Theyprioritizepostsfromfriendsandfamily.

C.Theymakeadjustmentstosatisfyusers1needs.

D.Theyprovidemorecontenttochoose.

答案：c

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可知，大約十年前，登錄Facebook.

Twitter或Instagram,展示的大多是朋友和家人發(fā)的帖子。而如今，這些平臺(tái)呈

現(xiàn)的內(nèi)容是多種多樣的，通過算法進(jìn)行定制，以匹配用戶的興趣。由此可知，社

交媒體平臺(tái)會(huì)根據(jù)用戶的需求進(jìn)行調(diào)整。故選C。

6.WhatdoesKyleChaykathinkofalgorithmicrecommendations?

A.Theymakeusersmoreactiveconsumers.

B.Theyshapeusers'preferencesandbehaviors.

C.Theyreducetheinfluenceofcontentcreators.

D-Theyexposeuserstodiverseandchallengingcontent.

答案：B

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的"...reducesourexposuretodiverseor

challengingcontent,subtlyshapingourpreferencesandbehaviors.可知，Kyle

Chayka認(rèn)為算法推薦的內(nèi)容沒有讓使用者接觸到更具有挑戰(zhàn)性和多樣化的內(nèi)容，

這無形中影響了使用者的喜好和行為。故選B。

7.Howdoalgorithmsinfluencemusicians1workondigitalplatforms?

A.Byencouragingmusicianstocreatelongersongs.

B.Bydiscouragingmusiciansfromusingcatchyhooks.

C.Bygivingmusiciansmorecontrolandchoiceovertheirmusic.

D.Byrequiringmusicianstocreatetheirworktofittheplatforms.

答案：D

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的"...algorithmsalsopressurecontent

creators...totailortheirworktofitthesedigitalplatforms.99可知,算法還會(huì)迫使音樂

家和藝術(shù)家等內(nèi)容創(chuàng)作者調(diào)整自己的作品，以適應(yīng)這些數(shù)字平臺(tái)，也就是說，算

法要求音樂家創(chuàng)作適合平臺(tái)的作品。故選D。

8.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthetext?

A.Techcompaniesshouldhavemoredepartments.

B.Socialmediaalgorithmsgivecontentcreatorslessopportunities.

C.Socialmediaalgorithmsflattenourculturebymakingdecisionsforus.

D.Networkplatformshaveincreasedt