高級中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1北京市西城區(qū)2024-2025學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語試卷第Ⅰ卷（共83分）Ⅰ.聽力理解（略）Ⅱ.完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該選項涂黑。Firefightersshouldbequickthinkers.Inanemergency,theyshouldfigureoutthespeediestandsafestwaytoact,sometimesincludingimprovising(臨時拼湊)withthethings____1____.FirechiefFennessyknowsthiswell.Heisnowmakingheadlinesfor____2____twohomeswithmilkandbeerduringafireinAltadena,California.AlthoughAltadenawasnotinhischarge,Fennessygrewupthereandstillhadfamilyandfriendsthere.Hearingthenewsofthefire,hetriedtocontacthisbrother.Whenhecouldn’t____3____hisbrother,FennessydecidedtodriveovertoAltadena.Onhisway,helearnedhisbrother’sfamilyhadbeentakentosafety,butsincehehadalreadymadethe____4____,Fennessyfiguredhemightaswelltakealook.Whenreachingthespot,Fennessycouldn’tbelievehiseyesatthesightoftheruins.“Ihaven’tseenanythinglikethiswhereyoudriveformiles,andthere’smassive____5____,”Fennessysaid.Whenhereachedhisbrother’sstreet,hishomeandaneighbor’shousewerestillstanding,buthe____6____theflamesweregettingtooclose,asothernearbyhomeswerealreadyburningdown.Evenmoreworrisome,agasmeterontheneighbor’shousewasmelting(熔化),surroundedbyfire.Thinkinghehadto____7____thegasmeter,helookedforahose(水龍帶),buttherewasnowater.Exploringhisoptions,Fennessy____8____hisentrythroughthefrontdoorofoneofthehomesandwentintothekitchenlookingforwhateverhecoulduse.“Iendedupfindingsomemilkandbeer,”heexplained.“Todonothingmeansthehome’sgoingtobe____9____,andinthiscase,alittlemilkandbeerreallysavedtheday.”Thetwohomeshesavedarenowtheonlytwohousesstandingontheblock.ButFennessysaidheonlydidwhathecouldasatrainedfirefighterandwasgettingalotof______10______forwhatwasluckintermsoftimingandresources.“We’refixers.We’regoingtoputourlivesontheline,”Fennessysaid.1.A.athand B.ontime C.inorder D.inmind2.A.cleaning B.providing C.saving D.filling3.A.persuade B.reach C.meet D.remind4.A.day B.trip C.change D.appointment5.A.access B.progress C.disturbance D.destruction6.A.forgot B.wondered C.feared D.ignored7.A.cool B.break C.operate D.remove8.A.missed B.declared C.delayed D.forced9.A.lost B.emptied C.moved D.restored10.A.wisdom B.pride C.credit D.confidence【答案】1.A2.C3.B4.B5.D6.C7.A8.D9.A10.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了消防隊長Fennessy在加利福尼亞州阿爾塔迪納的一場火災(zāi)中，用牛奶和啤酒成功挽救兩棟房屋的故事，展現(xiàn)了消防員在緊急情況下的機智與勇敢。【1題詳析】考查介詞短語辨析。句意：在緊急情況下，他們應(yīng)該想出最迅速、最安全的行動方式，有時包括利用手頭的東西臨時拼湊。A.athand在手邊；B.ontime按時；C.inorder整齊，有序；D.inmind在腦海中。根據(jù)“improvising(臨時拼湊)withthethings”可知，是利用手頭現(xiàn)有的東西，athand符合語境。故選A項?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他現(xiàn)在因在加利福尼亞州阿爾塔迪納的一場火災(zāi)中用牛奶和啤酒挽救了兩棟房屋而成為新聞焦點。A.cleaning清潔；B.providing提供；C.saving挽救，拯救；D.filling填充。根據(jù)下文“Thetwohomeshesavedarenowtheonlytwohousesstandingontheblock.”可知，F(xiàn)ennessy用牛奶和啤酒挽救了兩棟房屋。故選C項?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)聯(lián)系不上他的兄弟時，F(xiàn)ennessy決定開車去阿爾塔迪納。A.persuade說服；B.reach聯(lián)系，到達；C.meet遇見；D.remind提醒。根據(jù)上文“Hearingthenewsofthefire,hetriedtocontacthisbrother.”可知，此處指聯(lián)系不上兄弟，reach有“聯(lián)系”之意。故選B項?！?題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在路上，他得知他兄弟一家已被帶到安全地帶，但既然他已經(jīng)踏上了行程，F(xiàn)ennessy覺得不妨去看一看。A.day天；B.trip行程，旅行；C.change改變；D.appointment約會，預(yù)約。根據(jù)上文“FennessydecidedtodriveovertoAltadena”可知，他已經(jīng)決定開車去阿爾塔迪納，即踏上了行程，makethetrip“踏上行程”。故選B項?！?題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Fennessy說：“我從未見過這樣的場景，開車行駛數(shù)英里，到處都是大規(guī)模的破壞。”A.access通道，機會；B.progress進步；C.disturbance干擾；D.destruction破壞。根據(jù)上文“theruins”以及“hecouldn’tbelievehiseyesatthesightoftheruins”可知，火災(zāi)造成了大規(guī)模的破壞。故選D項?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他到達他兄弟所在的街道時，他的家和鄰居的房子還矗立著，但他擔(dān)心火焰越來越近，因為附近的其他房屋已經(jīng)在燃燒。A.forgot忘記；B.wondered想知道；C.feared擔(dān)心，害怕；D.ignored忽視。根據(jù)“theflamesweregettingtooclose,asothernearbyhomeswerealreadyburningdown”可知，附近房屋在燃燒，火焰逼近，所以他很擔(dān)心。故選C項?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他覺得必須冷卻煤氣表，于是尋找水龍帶，但沒有水。A.cool冷卻；B.break打破；C.operate操作；D.remove移除。根據(jù)上文“agasmeterontheneighbor’shousewasmelting(熔化),surroundedbyfire”可知，煤氣表被火包圍在熔化，所以要冷卻它。故選A項?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在探索各種可能的辦法時，F(xiàn)ennessy強行從前門進入其中一所房子，走進廚房尋找任何可用的東西。A.missed錯過；B.declared宣布；C.delayed延遲；D.forced強行，迫使。根據(jù)當(dāng)時火災(zāi)的緊急情況，房子可能處于危險或封閉狀態(tài)，所以他強行從前門進入，forceone’sentry“強行進入”。故選D項?！?題詳析】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他解釋說：“什么都不做意味著房子會失去，在這種情況下，一點牛奶和啤酒真的挽救了局面?！盇.lost失去；B.emptied清空；C.moved移動；D.restored恢復(fù)。根據(jù)“Todonothing”以及火災(zāi)的情境可知，如果不采取措施房子就會被燒毀，即失去房子。故選A項?！?0題詳析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：但Fennessy說，他只是做了作為一名訓(xùn)練有素的消防員所能做的事情，并且因為時機和資源方面的運氣而獲得了很多贊譽。A.wisdom智慧；B.pride驕傲；C.credit贊揚，認(rèn)可；D.confidence信心。根據(jù)上文“heonlydidwhathecouldasatrainedfirefighter”以及他挽救房屋成為新聞焦點可知，他獲得了很多贊譽，getcreditfor“因……而得到好評”。故選C項。Ⅲ.閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AOdysseyoftheMind(OM)promotescreativity,problemsolving,teamwork,andmore.Itisacreativeproblem-solvingcompetitionthatgiveskidstheconfidencetothinkforthemselvesandtocreatesolutionstoanychallenge.Independentstudy,originalideas,andcriticalthinkingskillsarerewardedovergettingthe“onerightanswer”thankstoouruniqueopen-endedproblemsthatarebackedbyeducatorsandexpertsinSTE(A)Mfields.Performance,art&culturalstudiesarealsoincorporated,creatingawell-roundedprogramthathasimpactedlivesforover40years.OMbenefitsalltypesofstudentsastheylearntothinkoutsidethebox.Participation●Studentsworkinteamsofuptosevenmembersandspendweeksormonthsworkingtogetherandcreatingsolutionstolong-termproblems.Everyyear,therearesixlong-termproblemsdesignedforthemtochoosefrom.●Teamsareformedbydivisionandcompeteagainstteamsinthesamedivisionandproblem.Gradeleveldeterminesthedivisionforteams.●Inthecompetition,teamshaveeightminutestopresenttheirlong-termproblemsolution.Theywillbescoredforhowwelltheymeettherequirementsoftheproblem(Long-Termscore)andfortheircreativityincategoriesspecifictothatproblem(Stylescore).CostYearlymembershipsarerequiredtoparticipateinOM.Eachmembershipsupportsoneteamperproblemperdivision.●StandardMembership$290:Individualschools/Multipleschoolssharingaprincipal.●AdditionalMembership$190:Onlyforschoolswhoentertwoteamsinthesameproblemanddivisionincompetition.Awards●RanatraFuscaCreativityAward:ItrepresentstheessenceofOM.Itispresentedtoteamsorindividualswhoexhibitexceptionalcreativity,eitherthroughsomeaspectoftheirproblemsolution,oranextraordinaryideabeyondtheproblemsolution.●OMER’sAward:Itrecognizesindividualsorteamswhodemonstrateoutstandingsportsmanship,excellentbehavior,orexceptionaltalent.●OdysseyoftheMindCreativityAward:Itrecognizesanindividualand/ororganizationforextraordinarycreativeachievementorexceptionaleffort.●OdysseyoftheMindSpiritAward:Itrecognizesanindividualinvolvedintheprogramwhodemonstratestheencouragementanddevelopmentofcooperation,self-respect,andtheappreciationandunderstandingofothers.11.WhatdoesOdysseyoftheMindvaluemost?A.Havinginnovativesolutions. B.Gettingtherightanswer.C.Impactingothers’dailylives. D.Facingmorechallenges.12.InOdysseyoftheMind,studentswill________.A.workingroupsofatleastsevenB.bescoredfromtwodifferentaspectsC.addresssixproblemsatthesametimeD.preparetheirsolutionswithineightminutes13.Theparticipantwiththestrongestsenseofteamworkismostlikelytobeawarded________.A.OMER’sAwardB.RanatraFuscaCreativityAwardC.OdysseyoftheMindSpiritAwardD.OdysseyoftheMindCreativityAward【答案】11.A12.B13.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了“頭腦奧德賽”（OdysseyoftheMind，簡稱OM）這一創(chuàng)意解決問題競賽，涵蓋其培養(yǎng)能力、參與方式、費用及獎項設(shè)置等內(nèi)容，旨在通過獨特的開放式問題，提升學(xué)生的創(chuàng)造力、團隊合作等多方面能力?！?1題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Independentstudy,originalideas,andcriticalthinkingskillsarerewardedovergettingthe“onerightanswer”thankstoouruniqueopen-endedproblemsthatarebackedbyeducatorsandexpertsinSTE(A)Mfields.(由于我們獨特的開放式問題得到了STE(A)M領(lǐng)域教育工作者和專家的支持，獨立學(xué)習(xí)、原創(chuàng)想法和批判性思維技能比得到“唯一正確答案”更受重視。)”可知，“頭腦奧德賽”最看重的是有創(chuàng)新的解決方案。故選A項?！?2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Participation”部分中的“Inthecompetition,teamshaveeightminutestopresenttheirlong-termproblemsolution.Theywillbescoredforhowwelltheymeettherequirementsoftheproblem(Long-Termscore)andfortheircreativityincategoriesspecifictothatproblem(Stylescore).(在比賽中，團隊有8分鐘時間展示他們的長期問題解決方案。他們將根據(jù)滿足問題要求的程度（長期得分）以及在該問題特定類別中的創(chuàng)造力（風(fēng)格得分）進行評分。)”可知，在“頭腦奧德賽”中，學(xué)生將從兩個不同方面被評分。故選B項?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Awards”部分中的“OdysseyoftheMindSpiritAward:Itrecognizesanindividualinvolvedintheprogramwhodemonstratestheencouragementanddevelopmentofcooperation,self-respect,andtheappreciationandunderstandingofothers.(‘頭腦奧德賽精神獎’：該獎項表彰參與該項目的個人，其表現(xiàn)出對合作、自尊的鼓勵和培養(yǎng)，以及對他人的欣賞和理解。)”可知，最有團隊合作意識的參與者最有可能獲得“頭腦奧德賽精神獎”。故選C項。BI’vealwaysbeenadaringrisktaker.ButwhenIwas15,myluckranout.Ahorsebackridingaccidentresultedinsevereinjuries,thedeathofmybelovedhorseSpooks,andthehorriblenewsthatI’dneverrideagain.Iwassetonprovingthedoctorswrong.Justafewmonthslater,withmymother’ssupport,Irodesidesaddleandwonmyfirstjumpingcompetition.Theexcitementwasincredible.Fromthenon,Icommittedmylifetoadventure,rememberingmymother’slesson:neversay,“Ican’t”.At22,Ireadaboutanopeningtobeamotorcycletrickrider—I’dlearnedtorideafewyearsearlier.Still,itwas1976andIknewtheywereunlikelytohireawoman.IthoughtaboutthatasIsignedmytrickriderapplication,leavingoffthehonorific—Ms.,hopingtohidethefactthatIwasawoman.Buttheynevergotbacktome.Iwasheartbroken.Maybethepositionhadalreadybeenfilled;maybethey’ddiscoveredIwasawoman.MyfriendStevethenproposedanideathatatfirstseemedcrazy:learningtoflyaeroplanes.“Flyingisformen,”Ilaughedattheidea.Butgradually,Irealizedthesuggestionhadstuckwithme.Yearsago,trialflights—briefintroductorysessionswithaninstructor—costjust￡5for15minutesintheair.SteveandIbothsignedup,andaftermyfirstsession,Icouldn’tstoptalkingaboutflying.IgotmylicenseandheadedfortheUStoworkasapilot.Itwasn’teasy.Initially,peopleweredoubtfulaboutawomanworkingintherole,butIendedupoutperformingmymalecolleagues.Twentyyearslater,IreturnedtoEnglandandstartedmyownflyingcompany.Now,Iliveaquieterlife.I’vesettledinavillageinLincolnshire,spendingmuchofmytimevolunteeringincarehomes.LastOctober,afternearlyfiftyyearsandcountlessadventures,IreceivedaletterfromapostofficeinStaines.Itwasmytrickriderapplication.Thepostofficeapologizedforthedelayandexplainedithadbeenfoundstuckbehindadrawerintheoffice—thecompanyneverreceivedit.Lookingback,IrealizedthateventhoughIdidn’tgetthatjob,itledmetoaseriesofadventuresthatshapedmylifeinunexpectedandfulfillingways.14.Whatdidwinningthejumpingcompetitionbringtothewriter?A.Thefaithinfriendship.B.Theacquisitionofanewskill.C.Therecognitionofmother’slove.D.Thedeterminationtogoadventuring.15.HowdidthewriterfeelatfirstwhenStevesuggestedlearningtofly?A.Curious. B.Inspired. C.Desperate. D.Doubtful.16.Whydidthewriterfailtoreceiveanyreplyaboutthetrickrideposition?A.Becausesheforgottosigntheapplication.B.Becauseherapplicationwasnotdelivered.C.Becausewomenwereunfitfortheposition.D.Becausethepositionhadalreadybeenfilled.17.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?A.Smartplansmakebigdreams.B.Thebestjourneysarenotmapped.C.Doubtkillsmoregoalsthanfailure.D.Strongwomencreatestrongsocieties.【答案】14.D15.D16.B17.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述作者15歲騎馬受傷后仍堅持冒險，22歲申請摩托車特技騎手未獲回復(fù)，后在朋友建議下學(xué)習(xí)飛行并取得成功，多年后發(fā)現(xiàn)申請信因郵局失誤未被公司收到，這次經(jīng)歷讓作者感悟到人生冒險之旅充滿意外與驚喜?！?4題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Fromthenon,Icommittedmylifetoadventure,rememberingmymother’slesson:neversay,“Ican’t”.

(從那時起，我投身于冒險生活，牢記母親的教誨：永遠不要說“我不能”)”可知，贏得跳躍比賽讓作者下定決心去冒險。故選D項。【15題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的““Flyingisformen,”Ilaughedattheidea.(“飛行是男人的事”我嘲笑這個想法)”可知，當(dāng)史蒂夫建議學(xué)習(xí)飛行時，作者一開始是懷疑的。故選D項。【16題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Thepostofficeapologizedforthedelayandexplainedithadbeenfoundstuckbehindadrawerintheoffice—thecompanyneverreceivedit.(郵局為延誤道歉，并解釋說信被發(fā)現(xiàn)卡在辦公室抽屜后面——公司從未收到)”可知，作者沒有收到關(guān)于特技騎手職位回復(fù)的原因是她的申請沒有被送到公司。故選B項?！?7題詳析】推理判斷題。主要講述作者15歲騎馬受傷后仍堅持冒險，22歲申請摩托車特技騎手未獲回復(fù)，后在朋友建議下學(xué)習(xí)飛行并取得成功，多年后發(fā)現(xiàn)申請信因郵局失誤未被公司收到，這次經(jīng)歷讓作者感悟到人生冒險之旅充滿意外與驚喜。B選項“Thebestjourneysarenotmapped.（最好的旅程是無法規(guī)劃的。）”符合推斷。故選B項。CElephantsandgorillasintheRepublicoftheCongo’srainforestsspendalotoftimehidingintheshadows—orsowethought.Usingdrone(無人機)surveysandAIprocessing,scientistshavediscoveredanextensivenetworkofmysteriousopenclearingsamongthetrees.Animalslikeelephants,gorillasvisitthesemuddyareas,calledbais,inthelanguagesoftheIndigenousBa’Aka,tosearchforvitalnutritionandmaintaintheircomplexsocialnetworks.Thenumerousplaygroundsarevisibleinsatelliteimages,andAIanalysisishelpingresearchersfindthemmoreeffectively.Thediscoverybeganin2021whenSylvainNgoumaandEvanHockridgecameuponamassiveclearingduringfieldworkinOdzala-KokouaNationalParkandfoundatrail(蹤跡)ofwet,pot-sizedfootprintsleadingthroughthewoodstotheopenroundabout.Hockridge,whohadthoughtbaiswereabnormal,says,“Ihaditbackward.ItkindofhitmewhenIwasthere.Youcan’tunderstandanimalinteractionswithoutfirstunderstandingbais.”Forthenextthreesummers,theteaminvestigatedtheclearings.Theyanalyzedcamera-trapimages,confirmingwhatlocalpeoplehadtoldthem—thatthesenaturalclearingsarecrucialgatheringgroundsforsomeoftheworld’smostendangeredmammals.Thebais,theyrealized,arebigmeltingpots,bigplaygrounds,foracollectionofforestanimals.Duringtheinitialsurveys,theteamfollowedelephanttrailstomovethroughtherainforestfrombaitobai.ThisprocessledHockridgetowonderaboutanetwork.Althoughpreviousstudiesdocumentedanimalbehaviorinselectedbais,noonehadcountedthemorhadthemeanstomaptheirdistribution.TheteampartneredwithAfricanParks,usingdronestoscanknownsites.TheytrainedanAIalgorithm(算法)toidentifybaisinsatelliteimagery,revealing2,176clearingsinonepark—10timesmorethanpreviouslyrecorded.Baisarealwaysnearriversorstreams.Mostaresmallerthanacityblock,butfew,atmorethan100acres,arebiggerthansomecollegecampuses.“Baisareultimatelyislandsofresources,andanimalsproducethesenetworksoftrailstoessentiallynavigatetoandfromanetworkofbais,”Hockridgesays.Theresearchers’mapofbais,thefirstofitskind,isalsoamapofconservationpriorities.“Wefindthatahugeportionoftheanimalcommunitydependsonthisuniqueecosystem.Thesespeciesdon’thavealternativehabitatsotherthanbais,”Hockridgesays.Thestudyisalsoasteptowardsolvingtheultimatemystery:Howdidbaisform?Manyecologistshavearguedthatacombinationofhydrology(水文學(xué))andanimallandscapingisatplay.Butdefinitiveproofremainselusive.Now,withamapinhandandcameratrapsstillinplace,theresearchteamistrackinglong-termchanges,whichhaveimplicationsforthemaintenanceofthesecrucialanimalhabitats.“Wehavehypotheses(假說),”AndrewDavies,anecologistinHarvard,says,“buttheshortansweris:wedon’tknow.”18.Forrainforestanimals,baisareplacesfor________.A.funandsafety B.waterandshelterC.foodandconnection D.shadeandentertainment19.WhatcanwelearnaboutNgoumaandHockridge’sresearch?A.Itdiscoveredhowbaisformed.B.Itwasthefirsttomapthenetworkofbais.C.Itanalyzedimagesofbaisprovidedbylocalpeople.D.Itconcludedbaiswerespotsintendedforendangeredspecies.20.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“elusive”inParagraph6probablymean?A.Difficulttofind. B.Simpletoclarify.C.Possibletooverestimate. D.Unlikelytoquestion.21.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.ConservationPrioritiesinRainforestsB.HiddenPlaygroundsRevealedinRainforestsC.SecretsofRainforestAnimals’SocialNetworksD.ModernToolsAdoptedforRainforestExploration【答案】18.C19.B20.A21.B【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹科學(xué)家借助無人機調(diào)查和人工智能處理，在剛果共和國雨林中發(fā)現(xiàn)眾多神秘開闊空地“bais”，這些空地對大象、大猩猩等動物意義重大，研究團隊還繪制出首張“bais”網(wǎng)絡(luò)地圖，但“bais”的形成原因仍有待探索?！?8題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Animalslikeelephants,gorillasvisitthesemuddyareas,calledbais...tosearchforvitalnutritionandmaintaintheircomplexsocialnetworks.(像大象、大猩猩這樣的動物會來到這些被稱為bais的泥濘區(qū)域……尋找重要的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)，并維持它們復(fù)雜的社會網(wǎng)絡(luò))”可知，對于雨林動物來說，bais是獲取食物（營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)）和建立聯(lián)系（維持社會網(wǎng)絡(luò)）的地方。故選C項?！?9題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Theresearchers’mapofbais,thefirstofitskind,isalsoamapofconservationpriorities.(研究人員繪制的bais地圖，是此類地圖中的首張，也是一張保護優(yōu)先級地圖)”可知，Ngouma和Hockridge的研究首次繪制出了bais網(wǎng)絡(luò)地圖。故選B項?！?0題詳析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第六段中的“Thestudyisalsoasteptowardsolvingtheultimatemystery:Howdidbaisform?Manyecologistshavearguedthatacombinationofhydrology(水文學(xué))andanimallandscapingisatplay.Butdefinitiveproofremainselusive.(這項研究也是朝著解開最終謎團邁出的一步：bais是如何形成的？許多生態(tài)學(xué)家認(rèn)為水文學(xué)和動物景觀的結(jié)合在起作用。但確鑿的證據(jù)仍然elusive)”以及最后一段““Wehavehypotheses(假說),”AndrewDavies,anecologistinHarvard,says,“buttheshortansweris:wedon’tknow.”(哈佛大學(xué)的生態(tài)學(xué)家安德魯·戴維斯說：“我們有一些假設(shè)，但簡短的答案是：我們不知道”)”可知，雖然有一些觀點，但仍不確定bais的形成原因，所以確鑿證據(jù)難以找到，“elusive”意思是“Difficulttofind（難以找到）”故選A項?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。主要介紹科學(xué)家借助無人機調(diào)查和人工智能處理，在剛果共和國雨林中發(fā)現(xiàn)眾多神秘開闊空地“bais”，這些空地對大象、大猩猩等動物意義重大，研究團隊還繪制出首張“bais”網(wǎng)絡(luò)地圖，但“bais”的形成原因仍有待探索。B選項“雨林中揭示的隱藏游樂場”，準(zhǔn)確概括文章內(nèi)容，為最佳標(biāo)題。故選B項。DMondaywasthefirstdayofDartmouth’sspringterm.So,asIoftendoatthistime,Istartedteachingmycoursefornon-sciencemajorscalled“UnderstandingtheUniverse:FromAtomstotheBigBang”.Thisiswhatstudentsliketocalla“physicsforpoets”class—aclassthatexploresthehistoryofhowhumanityhasfacedsomeofthedeepestquestionswecanaskaboutthematerialworldandourplaceinit,withoutthemath.Itisaclassthattriestocapturethetruespiritoftheliberal-artseducation,mixingthesciencesandthehumanitiesasdifferentandcomplementarywaysofknowingtheworldandwhywematter.Infancierwords,asanintellectualhistoryofphysicsandastronomy(天文學(xué)),theclassrequiresthatscientificthinkingbecontextualizedculturally,sothatstudentscansituatethewaysinwhichsomeofthemostrevolutionaryideasinthepast2,000yearsemergedwhentheydid.Scientists,bytraining,havelittleexposuretothehumanities.Giventhatamajorinthesciencesrequiresalotoftechnicalwork,wespendpreciouslittletimedealingwithwhathappenedculturallyandhistoricallyaroundthesciencewearetryingtounderstand.This,Ibelieve,isthereasonwhysomanyscientistsinthepublicmediacondemn(譴責(zé))thehumanitiesasuseless.Asaconsequence,manyscientificideasarepresentedashavingaddressedsomeofthedeepestquestionswehavebeenasking,whentheyhaven’t.Humanitiesstudents,ontheotherhand,aretypicallythosewhoavoidthesciencesor,atleast,math.Theirtrainingisalsotechnical,involvinglotsofreadingandcriticalwriting.Youcanoftentell,whenyouteachthiskindofclass,whothescientistsandthehumanistsare.Allyouhavetodoiswriteanequation(方程)ontheblackboardandlookattheclass.Humanistswillquicklylookbored.Thescientistswillbecomelively.AsyoureadfromAristotle’sMetaphysics,theoppositewillhappen.Tobridgethisgapisthechallenge.Theclassroomistheidealplaceforthisconversationbetweenthesciencesandthehumanitiestounfold.Byexposingstudentstothetwosidesoftheculturaldivide,westandachanceofcreatingsomethingthatwillactuallyclosethegap.Scientistsshouldrecognizethatsomeresearchtopics—AI,biotechnology,climatechange,lifeextension,nature,andmanyothers—needtobeinvestigatedtogetherwithhumanistsasajointeffort.Ifinishedthefirstclassbyremindingthestudentsthatnoteventhebestteacherintheworldcanteachsomeonewhodoesn’twanttolearn.Afterall,asTomStoppardremindedusinhisbrilliantplayArcadia,itiswantingtoknowthatmakesusmatter—scientistsandhumanistsalike.22.What’sspecialabouttheauthor’sclass?A.Itguidesstudentstoexplainrevolutionaryideas.B.Itappealstoartsstudentstoswitchtoscientificthinking.C.Itbreakstheboundarybetweenthesciencesandthehumanities.D.It挖sintothesecretsofhuman’spositioninthematerialworld.23.Whichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorapplaud?A.Mary,ahistorymajor,quitcomputerengineeringforlackofinterest.B.Mia,anartstudent,drewpicturesoffamousscientistsforasciencefair.C.Ben,teachingchemistry,guidedhisstudentstofocusontechnologywork.D.David,studyingphysics,workedwithaphilosophystudentforhisproject.24.Whatmessagedoestheauthorintendtodelivertohisstudents?A.Universitycoursespresentchallenges.B.Theculturaldividedeservesapproval.C.Theeagernesstolearnisofsignificance.D.Prejudicetowardsthehumanitiesishistory.【答案】22.C23.D24.C【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述作者在達特茅斯春季學(xué)期首日，為非理科專業(yè)學(xué)生開設(shè)“理解宇宙：從原子到宇宙大爆炸”課程，該課程打破科學(xué)與人文界限，作者強調(diào)了求知欲的重要性，并倡導(dǎo)科學(xué)與人文領(lǐng)域?qū)W生的合作?！?2題詳析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Itisaclassthattriestocapturethetruespiritoftheliberal-artseducation,mixingthesciencesandthehumanitiesasdifferentandcomplementarywaysofknowingtheworldandwhywematter.(這是一門試圖捕捉文科教育真正精神的課程，將科學(xué)和人文作為認(rèn)識世界以及理解我們?yōu)楹沃匾牟煌一パa的方式融合在一起)”可知，作者課程的特別之處在于打破了科學(xué)與人文之間的界限。故選C項?！?3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Scientistsshouldrecognizethatsomeresearchtopics—AI,biotechnology,climatechange,lifeextension,nature,andmanyothers—needtobeinvestigatedtogetherwithhumanistsasajointeffort.(科學(xué)家應(yīng)該認(rèn)識到，一些研究課題——人工智能、生物技術(shù)、氣候變化、生命延長、自然等等——需要與人文領(lǐng)域?qū)W者共同努力進行研究)”可知，作者贊同科學(xué)與人文領(lǐng)域的合作。故選D項。【24題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Ifinishedthefirstclassbyremindingthestudentsthatnoteventhebestteacherintheworldcanteachsomeonewhodoesn’twanttolearn.Afterall,asTomStoppardremindedusinhisbrilliantplayArcadia,itiswantingtoknowthatmakesusmatter—scientistsandhumanistsalike.(我在第一堂課結(jié)束時提醒學(xué)生，即使是世界上最好的老師也教不會不想學(xué)習(xí)的人。畢竟，正如湯姆·斯托帕德在他精彩的戲劇《阿卡迪亞》中提醒我們的，是求知欲讓我們變得重要——科學(xué)家和人文學(xué)者都是如此)”可知，作者想傳達給學(xué)生的信息是求知欲很重要。故選C項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中共有兩項為多余選項。Forgivenessissomethingthatmanyofusstrivefor,butitcanoftenfeeldifficulttoachieve.Overtheyears,we’veheardcountlesspeopleexpresstheintentiontoforgive,onlytostrugglewiththeemotionalroadblocksthatpreventthemfromtrulylettinggo.First,let’sdefineforgiveness.____25____It’snotaboutforgettingwhathappenedorexcusingharmfulbehavior.Infact,ourmindstellusthatifwestayangry,bitter,ordistant,we’llbesafefromfurtherhurt.____26____Whileholdingontomemoriesandcreatingdistancemayoffertemporaryemotionalsafeguards,itoftendeepensoursadness,isolatesus,andpreventsusfromhealing.Forgiveness,ontheotherhand,isaboutchoosingnottoletthatpaincontinuetodefineyourthoughts,emotions,andbehaviors.Forgivenessisessentialbecausewe’reallhuman,andweallmakemistakes.Ifwewanttocultivatemeaningfulrelationships,therewillunavoidablybetimeswhenwehurtoneanother.Forgivenessbecomescrucialinmaintainingthoseconnectionsandourownpeaceofmind.____27____Forgivingyourselfisespeciallyimportant.Raisingwallsofbitternessorangertowardyourselfisdeeplydamaging.Whenyouholdontoshameorguilt,youcreateemotionalbarriersthatpreventyoufromlivingfullyandauthentically.So,howdoweforgive?Whilethejourneyisdeeplypersonalandcanvaryfrompersontoperson,therearekeystepsthatcanhelpguideus.Acknowledgethehurtandpainexactlyasitis.____28____Thisperspectiveallowsustoseeothers(andourselves)asimperfecthumansdoingthebesttheycanwithwhattheyhave.Extendsympathytoyourselfandothers.Choosetoreleasebitternessandmoveforwardinlinewithyourvalues.____29____It’sanongoingpractice.Buteverytimeyouchooseforgiveness,youcreatespaceforloveandhealingtoflowthroughyourlife.A.Itisacontinuousprocess.B.Butweknowthatthisisn’ttrue.C.Recognizethateveryonehasfaults.D.Rememberthatforgivenessisn’taone-timeevent.E.Forgivenessisthedecisiontoreleaseattachmenttoapainfulpast.F.Youdon’thavetocommunicatewiththepersonwhowrongedyou.G.Infact,wemayneedtoforgivenotonlyothersbutourselvesaswell.【答案】25.E26.B27.G28.C29.D【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了寬恕的定義、重要性以及實現(xiàn)寬恕的方法。【25題詳析】根據(jù)小標(biāo)題“First,let’sdefineforgiveness.(首先，讓我們定義一下寬恕)”以及下文“It’snotaboutforgettingwhathappenedorexcusingharmfulbehavior.(它不是關(guān)于忘記發(fā)生的事情或原諒有害的行為)”可知，選項與小標(biāo)題呼應(yīng)，給出寬恕的定義，引出后文對寬恕不是什么的闡述。E選項“寬恕是決定放下對痛苦過去的執(zhí)著”符合語境，故選E?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Infact,ourmindstellusthatifwestayangry,bitter,ordistant,we’llbesafefromfurtherhurt.(事實上，我們的思維告訴我們，如果我們保持憤怒、痛苦或疏遠，我們就能免受進一步的傷害)”以及下文“Whileholdingontomemoriesandcreatingdistancemayoffertemporaryemotionalsafeguards,itoftendeepensoursadness,isolatesus,andpreventsusfromhealing.(雖然執(zhí)著于記憶和保持距離可能會提供暫時的情感保護，但它常常會加深我們的悲傷，使我們孤立，并阻礙我們治愈)”可知，選項承上啟下，對前文思維所認(rèn)為的內(nèi)容進行轉(zhuǎn)折，引出后文這種方式實際帶來的負面結(jié)果。B選項“但我們知道這不是真的”符合語境，故選B?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Forgivenessbecomescrucialinmaintainingthoseconnectionsandourownpeaceofmind.(寬恕在維持這些關(guān)系和我們自己的內(nèi)心平靜方面變得至關(guān)重要)”及下文“Forgivingyourselfisespeciallyimportant.(寬恕自己尤其重要)”可知，承上啟下，引出后文關(guān)于寬恕自己的內(nèi)容，說明寬恕不僅針對他人，自己也需要被寬恕。G選項“事實上，我們可能不僅需要寬恕他人，也需要寬恕自己”符合語境，故選G?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Acknowledgethehurtandpainexactlyasitis.(如實承認(rèn)傷害和痛苦)”及下文“Thisperspectiveallowsustoseeothers(andourselves)asimperfecthumansdoingthebesttheycanwithwhattheyhave.(這種視角能讓我們把他人（和自己）看作不完美但盡力而為的人)”可知，選項承上啟下，引出后文關(guān)于把他人和自己看作不完美的人的內(nèi)容，說明承認(rèn)傷害后要認(rèn)識到每個人都有缺點這一視角。C選項“認(rèn)識到每個人都有缺點”符合語境，故選C。【29題詳析】根據(jù)下文“It’sanongoingpractice.Buteverytimeyouchooseforgiveness,youcreatespaceforloveandhealingtoflowthroughyourlife.(這是一個持續(xù)的實踐。但每次你選擇寬恕，你都為生活中的愛和治愈創(chuàng)造了空間)”可知，選項引出后文關(guān)于寬恕是持續(xù)實踐的內(nèi)容，強調(diào)寬恕的持續(xù)性。D選項“記住寬恕不是一次性事件”符合語境，故選D。第Ⅱ卷（共57分）Ⅰ.選詞填空（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）用方框中單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成下列句子，每個單詞只能用一次。benefit,treat,logic,impress,motivate30.The________performanceoftheathletelefteveryoneamazed.31.Heisabrightstudent,buthejustlacksthe________tolearnnewthings.32.Manypatientsarenotgettingthemedical________theyneed.33.Cyclingi