2024-2025學(xué)年下學(xué)期高一英語人教新版期末必刷常考題之議論文閱讀理

解

一.閱讀理解（共15小題）

1.（2025春?龍崗區(qū)校級期中）NewsthattheDutchbookpublishinghouseVeenBosch&Keuninghas

confirmedplanstoexperimentwithAItotranslatefictionhascausedafiercedebate.

Acrosseverynewtechnology,debatescentreonwhatwestandtolosebyembracingchangeand,withAL

thisechoes（與相呼應(yīng)）thedevelopmentsintherecenthistoryofgeneticscience.Butsomehow，whenwe

interferewithcultureandhumanhistory,itcanseemthatsomethingevenmorefundamentalthanDNAisunder

threat.

Fictiontrenslationhastraditionallybeenthedomainofskilledhumantraislators.UsingAlinthisfieldcould

breakuphumanity*smostremarkableandperhapsirreplaceableachievement：theabilitytoexpresscomplex

humanthoughtsthroughwords.

Language,especiallyinliterature,isn'tjustaboutwords.It'saboutculturalcontext,andthedistinctvoiceof

thewriter.Onlyahumanwhounderstandsbothlanguagesandculturescanaccuratelytranslatetheheartofa

story.Yetmachinelearninghasmadeextraordinarystrides（進(jìn)展）inunderstandinglanguage,bestevidencedby

thelatestversionofChatGPT.We.seemtobeatapointinthedevelopmentofAIwhereitscapabilitiesofusing

languagealmostmatchhumans'inawiderangeofcircumstances，fromcustomerservicechatbotstohealthtesting

tools.

Learningeverylanguagetoreadeverybookis,ofcourse,impractical.Butnotunderstandingaparticular

languagecanpreventusfromdiscoveringgreatworksofnativeliteraturethatrayneverbetranslatedintoourown

languages.Thus,wemightadvanceasocialjusticeargumentforusingAItranslationtowidelygaininsightsfrom

manyculturesandtheirvariedlanguages.

Ofcourse,theriseofAIintranslationhasitsdownsides.IfAIreplaceshumantranslators,werisklosingtheir

insightsandtheculturalunderstandingtheybringButwecanuseAItohelphumantranslators.Translatorscould

beinvolvedinimprovingAImodels,ensuringhigheraccuracyandquality,andselectingworkstobe

translated.ImagineaworldwheretranslatorsandAIworktogether,pushingtheboundariesofwhatcanbe

accomplished.Thiswouldgiveusaccesstomoregloballiterature,enhancingourcollectiveunderstandingof

diversecultures.

(1)Whydoestheauthormentionthedevelopmentsinrecentgeneticscience?

A.Toemphasizetherapidtechnologicalprogress.

B.Toexplainthemoralissuesinvolvedinthisfield.

C.ToshowconcernsabouttheeffectofAItranslation.

D.TodiscusstheadvantagesofapplyingAItechnology.

(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedphrasenmadeextraordinarystrides1'inparagraph5mean?

A.Encounteredhugebarriers.

B.Achievedremarkableprogress.

C.Posedconsiderablechallenges.

D.Exhibitedsignificantlimitations.

(3)WhatisidentifiedasasignificantpotentialbenefitofAItranslation?

A.Itcanensuretheaccuracyoftranslations.

Bitcansavealargeamountoffinancialinvestment.

C.Itcanfacilitatetheprocessoflearningforeignlanguages.

D.Itcanexpandaccesstoliteraturefromdifferentcultures.

(4)Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheuseofAIinfictiontranslation?

A.Objective.

B.Skeptical.

C.Indifferent.

D.Optimistic.

2.(2025春?浙江期中)Manyeconomists(經(jīng)濟學(xué)家)todaybelievethatself-interestiswhatdrives

competitionandgrowthinmarketeconomies.However,inanincreasinglyinterconnectedsociety,itiseven

moreimportanttohavegroupskills.Soweshouldencouragecooperationtobetterpreparechildrenforthe

future.

Inthepresenttimemarkedwithdigitaleconomy,cooperationisavaluableskilltohave.Asaresearchstudy

conductedbyGoogleshows,skillssuchasgoodcommunicationandcooperationareimportanttoemployees

comparedtotechnicalskillsorknowledge.Incontrast,intense(激烈的)competitiveandindividualistic

behaviourmaydestroysocialrelationsinthecommunityofcoworkers.Sincenomanisanisland,eventhemost

competitiveemployeewillnotbeabletopursuehisgoalseffectivelywithoutthehelpofotherswhoareableto

shareacommonunderstanding.

Moreover,encouragingcooperationhelpsdevelopahealthysenseofself-esteeminchildrenthatbetter

preparesthemforthecompetitiveworkingworld.Thecompetitivecultureincludehigheranxietyanddepression

amonguniversitystudentsandofficeworkers.ltisprimaryforthebuildersofourfuturetobebasedonmutually

beneficialcooperationratherthanself-centredcompetition.Teamworkcanhelpamaturingindividualrealizethat

eachhashisorherownuniquesetofabilitiesandthatanotherperson'stalentsdonotweakenthevalueofhisor

hertalents.

Weshouldencourageaspiritofcooperationmorethanaspiritofcompetitioninchildrentobetterprepare

themforanuncertainfuture.Cooperationopensforanindividualagatewaytodiverseskillsandtalentsofothers

andimportantly,enhancesourchancesofsolvingproblemsofthefuture.Furthermore,sincecooperativeactivities

canbuildconfidenceinchildren,itwillalsopromotehealthycompetitionwithinagenerationthatcanbetter

understandandtolerateothers*weaknesses.

(1)Whatwillintensecompetitionleadtoaccordingtothestudy?

A.Itcanpromotecommunicationsbetweenpeople.

B.Itcouldbringdamagetopartners*relationships.

C.Itwillweakenone'sabilityinsolvingproblems.

D.Itenablesonetosharecommonviewswithothers.

(2)Whatdoestheauthoragreewithaccordingtoparagraph3?

A.Onlybycooperationcanchildrendevelopself-esteem.

B.One*sabilitiesandanother'stalentscan'tworktogether.

C.Itisimportantforbuildersoffuturetolearntocooperate.

D.Higheranxietyanddepressiondon'texistamongstudents.

(3)Whatcharacteristicmightcooperationhave,asmentionedinthepassage?

A.Focusingonself-centredcompetition.

B.Reducingthepossibilityofsuccess.

C.Pursuingindividualgoalseffectively.

D.Acceptingteammates'shortcomings.

(4)Whatisauthorsintentiontowritethearticle?

A.Toencourageateamworkspiritinchildren.

B.Tosupportfiercecompetitionbetweenchildren.

C.Towarnchildrenofuncertaintroubleinthefuture.

D.Tobuildupconfidenceinchildrenthroughcompetition.

3.（2024春?城關(guān)區(qū)校級期末）Mathsisallaroundus,fromworkingouthowtosharethebillafterameal

tocalculating（計算）yourhouseholdbills.Somepeoplelovethechallengeofworkingoutmathsproblems,

butmanyfearthemomentwhentheyhavetodealwithnumbersandfiguresandfeelarealsenseofworry.lt

canseemdiscouraging,butthis"mathsanxiety'*isperfectlynormal,andyou'redefinitelynotalone.And

anyway,ourworriesandfearsdon*tnecessarilyreflectourability.

Theproblemreallystartsinchildhood,atschool.Researchhasfoundthatmathsteacherswhoarenervous

aboutteachingthesubjectcanpassontheiranxietytothepupils,andgirlsmaybemorelikelytobeaffected.The

ProgrammeforInternationalStudentAssessmentfoundaround31%of15and16-year-oldsacross34

countriessaidtheygotverynervousdoingmathsproblems,33%saidtheygottenseandnervousdoingmaths

homework,andnearly60%saidtheyworriedmathsclasseswouldbedifficult.ShulamitKahn,fromBoston

University*sQuestromSchoolofBusiness,toldtheBBCshebelievesgivingstudents,particularlygirls,goodrole

models"issignificant,especiallyatayoungage".Shethinksthekeyistogetpeople,especiallywomenwholove

teachingmaths,toteachyoungerchildren.

WritingforBBCFuture,DavidRobsonsays"It'snotclearwhymathsgivesrisetosomuchfearcomparedto

geography.Butthefactthatthere'sarightorwronganswermightmakeyoumoreworriedabout

underperforming."Andonceweassumewe*renota'mathsperson*,weavoidsolvingthingsthatweprobably

coulddo.

PsychologistsCt?理學(xué)家）havebeentryingtoworkoutwhymentalcalculationcanbringusoutina

sweat.Thatfearmaycomefrommanysources,butsomesuggestthatexpressingyourfearsclearlycanloosen

theirholdonyou,andencouragechildrentoseeamathstestasachallenge,notathreat（威脅）.Weneedtothink

positivelyaboutmathsandgiveitasecondchance.

（1）Regarding"mathsanxiety"inparagraph1,theauthorthinks.

A.itisunique

B.itisformal

C.itiscommon

D.itisnecessary

（2）Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph2?

A.Girlsarebetteratmathsthanboys.

B.Mathsclassesaredifficultforallstudents.

C.Students*anxietyresultsentirelyfromteachers.

D.Confidenceinmathsneedsdevelopinginchildhood.

(3)Whatwillbeapotentialresultifonethinksheisnota*mathsperson*?

A.Hewillrisetochallenges.

B.Hewilllearnmathsharder.

C.Hewillbedoubtfulabouthisability.

D.Hewillnotseemathsasathreat.

(4)Whatarechildrenadvisedtodoaccordingtothelastparagraph?

A.Tracksourcesofmathsfearregularly.

B.Speakfearsoutforimprovementbravely.

C.Explorecausesoffailureinmathscarefully.

D.Quitchallengestoavoidanxietyactively.

4.(2024春?市南區(qū)校級期末)Iftherewasanappclaimingtoimproveyourmemory,wouldyoubewilling

totryit?It'shardtoresisttheideaofhavingabettermemory.

Inresponsetothisperceivedneed，thebraintrainingindustryhasgrownrapidly，offeringawiderangeof

accessibleandaffordablementalexercisesthroughsmartphoneandtabletapps.Manyresearchershavefound

evidencesuggestingthatwell-designedexercisescanimprovementalabilitiesandleadtobetterscoresonIQ

tests.Theycomparethebraintomuscles,suggestingthattargetedrepetitionofmemoryexercisescanstrengthen

andconditionourmemoryprocesses,similartohowathletesengageinstrengthandconditioningbyrepeatedly

exercisingspecificmusclegroups.

Incontrasttoeverydayactivitieslikesolvingacomplexpuzzle,memorytrainingappsarespecifically

designedtoprovideamorechallengingworkoutforthebrain.Theseappstypicallyinvolvetasksthatrequire

trackingalargenumberofobjectswhilebeingdistracted(使分心)byasecondarytask,suchasmental

calculationsorexploringagame*slandscape.Ifthisbraintrainingproveseffective,itcouldbebeneficialfor

individualswithbrain-relateddisabilitiesorthoserecoveringfromconditionslikecancer.

Critics,though,arguethatwhiletheconceptisappealing,theoverallevidencefailstodemonstrate

significantimprovementincorebrainprocesses.Additionally,despitetheclaimsmadebymanyappsandbrain

trainingcompanies,scientistshaveyettoidentifythekeyfactorsthatmakeaninterventiontrulyeffectiveor

determinethebestapproachestoaddressthediverseneedsofindividualsseekinghelp.

Whilethequestionisstillopentodebate,thereisevidencesuggestingthatshort-termworkingmemory

trainingcanbenefithigh-functioningindividuals.However,it*simportanttonotethatbraintraining,likedietand

exercise,isunlikelytohaveidenticaleffectsoneveryindividual.

(1)Inwhatwayisthebrainsimilartomusclesaccordingtomanyresearchers?

A.Intestingresults.

B.Inworkprocesses.

C.Inbodilyfunctions.

D.Intrainingmethods.

(2)Whatisthemainfeatureofthetypicaltasksinmemorytrainingapps?

A.Simple.

B.Effective.

C.Demanding.

D.Interesting.

(3)Whatdocriticsthinkmemorytrainingappslack?

A.Legalclaims.

B.Proveneffects.

C.Tailoredservices.

D.Appealingconcepts

(4)Whatcanbethesuitabletitleforthetext?

A.CanOurMemorybeImproved?

B.DoesBrainTrainingActuallyWork?

C.WhathaveScientistsFoundaboutMemory?

D.WhatdoestheBrainTrainingIndustryBring?

5.(2024春?新余期末)Itisnaturaltocompareourselvestoothersandtogetcaughtinamentalcomparison

loop,andyetthisseldomisbeneficial.Youmayhaveheardtheexpression"Comparisonisthethiefofjoy."To

me,thisistrueasIhavefounditisquitedifficulttocomparemyselftoothersandfeeljoyatthesametime.

Comparisonnotonlyrobsusofjoy，butitcanalsofuelself-criticismandalackofself-

acceptance.Typically,comparisonleadstoperceivingothersassuperiortoyouinsomewayandfeeling

inadequateorinferior."Iamnotassuccessful,competent,attractiveastheyare."Whydon*tIhavewhattheyhave?

Weusecomparisonasanavenueforself-criticism,"What'swrongwithme?Imustbeaninadequateloser."

Thishindersself-acceptance.

Comparisonisdeceptive(誤導(dǎo)的).Ittellsusthatifwemeettheexpectations,loseweight,getapromotion,

orbuythehouse,wewillfeelbetter,calmer,moreself-assured,andstopcomparingourselves.Thismaybe

temporarilytrue,yet,acomparisonisaninternalprocessthatisultimatelybasedonourthoughtsandsenseofself,

notexternalcircumstances.Wecanalwaysfindsomethingelsetocompare,anotherexpectationwetellourselves

wearenotmeeting.

Tostopcomparingourselvestoothers,wehavetorecognizethatthecomparisongameisunwinnable(and

exhausting)andstopplaying.Toshiftfrombeingguidedbycomparisontobeingguidedbyyourvalues.Values

areantidotestocomparison.Reflectinguponandbeingawareofyourvalues，andaligning(使一致)behaviors

anddecisionswithyourvalues,highlightsandreinforceswhatistrulyimportanttoyouandcansolidifyyour

senseofself-identityandself-acceptance.

Thisdoesnotmeanweignorethingsthatwemaywanttochange.ltmeansthesechangesandgoalsarebased

onvaluesnotcomparisontoothers,andnotrelevanttoself-acceptance,weacceptourselvesregardless.

Behaviorsanddecisionsareamatterofpersonalchoice,notameanstomeasureuptoothersora

requirementforacceptance.Self-acceptanceisn'taboutfixinganythingaboutyourself,itisaboutaffirmingwho

youare,today.

(1)Whatisthenegativeeffectofcomparison?

A.Itresultsincriticismfromotherpeople.

Bitharmsourconfidenceanddignity.

C.Itmakesusgiveupworkinghard.

D.Ithindersourroadstosuccess.

(2)Whyiscomparisonmisleadingaccordingtoparagraph3?

A.Becauseitisaninternalprocessdependingonourexpectations.

B.Becausetherearesomanythingswaitingforustocompare.

C.Becausewesethighstandardforourselvesallthetime.

D.Becauseweneverstopcomparingdespitetemporarysatisfaction.

(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinparagraph4mostprobablymean?

A.Solutions.

B.Necessities.

C.Reasons.

D.Suggestions.

（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Comparisonreduceourvalues

B.Acceptyourownbehaviorsanddecisions

C.Stoptryingtomeasureuptoothers

D.Whyisitunnecessarytocompare?

6.（2024春?唐山期末）Foreveryonewhoserelationshipwithmathematicsisbroken,JoBoaler,aprofessor

atStanfordGraduateSchoolofEducation,hasideasforrepairingit.

Moststudentshaveonlyeverexperiencedwhatshecallsnarrowmathematics.Inthisworldofmathematics,

questionshaveonevaluedmethodandoneanswer.Studentsneedtofollowasetofproceduresatspeed.When

blindlymemorizingmathfacts，they'renotdevelopingnumbersense.Theydon'tlearnhowtousenumbersflexibly

indifferentsituations.Formostofthem,mathematicsisanalmostcompletelysymbolicexperience.Itsabigpart

ofwhywehaveacountryofmathematicsfailureandfear.

Inhernewbook,Boalerarguesthatmathematicsshouldbetaughtinmorevisual（可視的）ways.Students

shouldbeinvitedtoseemathematicalideasnotonlyasnumbersbutalsoaswords,visuals,physical

representations,tables,modelsandmovements.

Inherbookshementionedanactivityshedidwithmiddle-schoolstudentsinasummercampwhere

studentswereshownanimageofa4x4x4cmcube（立方體）madeupofsmaller1cmcubes.Thelargercube

wasdipped（蘸）intoacanofbluepaint,andsheasked,iftheycouldtakeapartthelittlecubes,howmanysides

wouldbepaintedblue?Tosolveit,shegavethestudentssugarcubesandhadthemphysicallybuildalarger4x4

x4cube.

Ayearlater,sheaskedonestudent,Jed,howthecamphadimpactedhim.Jedtoldherthathewasin

advancedmathclass,buthestillrememberedthatsugarcube一whatitlookedlikeandfeltlike一andhehad

usedthememorytosolvemanyquestions.Hehadbuiltamentalrepresentationofacube.

Somepeoplemayconsiderphysicalrepresentationsmoresuitableforyoungerkids,butBoalerwroteatlast,

"LookatthoseTeslaengineers.They'redrawing,they*rebuildingmodels,andnobodysaysthat*sbasic

mathematics."

(1)Whatistheresultofnarrowmathematics?

A.Worryandlackofsuccess.

B.Goodmemoryandperformance.

C.Fearofteachersandtheschool.

D.Deepunderstandingofnumbers.

(2)WhatisBoaler*sideaaboutmathematics?

A.Toteachnumberslikewords.

B.Toconnectittotherealworld.

C.Tobringittosummercamps.

D.Tolearnitoutoftheclassroom.

(3)WhyareTeslaengineersmentioned?

A.Topraisethecompany.

B.Toshowtheircreativity.

C.Tocorrectpeople'sidea.

D.Tosetexamplestoyoungerkids.

7.(2024春?紹興期末)Whyshouldweexplorespace?Whyshouldresourcesbespentonspaceratherthan

onconditionsandpeopleonEarth?Perhapsthebestanswerliesinourhistory.Whatmadeourancestorsmove

fromthetreesontotheplains?Didawiderdistributionofourspeciesofferabetterchanceofsurvival?

Nearlyallsuccessfulcivilizationshavebeenwillingtoexplorespace.Inexploring,thedangersof

surroundingareasmaybeidentifiedandpreparedfor.Withoutknowledge,thesedangershavetheabilitytoharm

us.Withknowledge,theireffectsmaybedecreased.

Whilemanyresourcesarespentonwhatseemsasmallreturn，theexplorationofspaceallowsnewresources

tobecreated.Resourcestranslateintosuccessatsurvival.Knowledgeortechniquesacquiredinexploringalways

filterfromthedeveloperstothegeneralpopulation.Techniquesmaybemedicalapplications,suchasnewdrugsor

waysoflivingtoincreasethequantityorthequalityoftimelived.Techniquesmaybesocial,allowingthepeople

inasocietytobetterunderstandthosewithinoroutsidethatculture.

EuropeanSpaceAgency(ESA)doeswhatindividualEuropeannationscannotdoontheirown.Scientists

fromEuropeannationscanfunctionatworld-classlevelintheirspecialistfields,inco-operationratherthan

competition.Bystudyingalienworlds,suchasVenus,MarsorSatum*smoonTitan,wecanplaceourownworld

incontext.ESA*sexplorationoftheSolarSystemisfocusedonunderstandingtheEarth*srelationshipwiththe

otherplanets,essentialsteppingstonesforexploringthewiderUniverse.

Whilespacemayholdmanywondersandexplanationsofhowtheuniversewasformedorhowitworks,it

alsoholdsdangers.ThechanceofalargeasteroidorcomethittingtheEarthissmall.Butgiventime,itwill

happen.Thedangersexistandknowledgecanallowusasaspeciestosurvive.Withouttheabilitytoreachout

acrossspace,thechancetosaveourselvesmightnotexist.

(1)Whydoestheauthorlistquestionsinthefirstparagraph?

A.Tostressthewidedistributionofourspecies.

B.Tointroducehuman'seffortstoexplorespace.

C.Toillustratetheimportanceofspaceexploration.

D.Tohighlightthelonghistoryofspaceexploration.

(2)Whatdoesspaceexplorationenablehumanstodo?

A.Uncovertheunknownresourcesoftheuniverse.

B.Understandbetteraboutthecultureofsociety.

C.Gainmoreknowledgeabouttheoriginoflife.

D.Reducetheharmfulimpactonalienworlds.

(3)HowdoesESAworkinspaceexploration?

A.ItcomparestheEarthwithotherplanets.

Bitfocusesitsstudyonaparticularplanet.

C.Itadvocatescooperativeworkofindividualnations.

D.Itencouragesscientiststocompeteintheirspecializedfields.

(4)Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A.Exploringspacemeansrescuingourselves.

B.ThereisasmallchanceofcomethittingtheEarthinfuture.

C.Theformationoftheuniverserequiresfurtherexplanation.

D.Wondersabouttheuniversereflectpotentialrisksfromspace.

8?(2024春?亳州期末)Playtimeinyourchildhoodiscloselyconnectedtofeelingsofjoy.Playshouldn'tbe

dismissedasmerechildishness(幼稚).Engaginginplaygoesbeyondfunandgames—it'sapowerfultoolfor

growth,learning,andhealing.Whenchildrenplay,itsnotjustabouthavingagoodtime；they'realsoactively

developinglifeskills.

Therootsofplayfulnesssprout（萌芽）early；evenbabiesrespondtointeractionswiththeirfamily,whether

it*ssingingsongs,gentlerocking,oractivemovement.Simpleengagementslikeeyecontact,smiles,orvoices

capturetheattentionofnewborns,layingthefoundationforessentialconnection,trust,andmutualplay.Through

theseseeminglyordinaryyetmeaningfulinteractions,playbegins.

Whenplaying,childrenlearnaboutthemselvesandothers.Playservesasadynamictraininggroundfor

tryingnewthings一fromrunningandjumpingtoplanningandorganizing.Childrendiscovertheirinborntalents

anddevelopself-confidence.

Engaginginpositiveplaywithothersincreaseschildren'sdesiretoconnectwithpeers.Laughterandfun

createlightnessandbringhealingpowers.Harmoniousplayfightsagainstlazinessandstress.Importantly,when

parentsplaywithchildren,itreducesstress,servingasawaytotakeupchallenges.

Playtimeresultsincuriosity,causingthenaturaldrivetoleam.Forinstance,childrenplaying"grocerystore"

usesmathandproblem-solvingskills.Inessence,playbecomesafunapproachtolearning.

Despiteitsmanybenefits,playhasdeclinedinrecentyears,aresultoftheswiftlifepaceofparents.The

consequencesofaplay-lackingchildhoodextendfarbeyondtheimmediate,impactinglong-termwell-

being.Theabsenceoffunsocialinteractionshinders（妨礙）socialdevelopmentandallowsstressto

accumulate.Withoutplay,opportunitiestoconnect,learn,andexperimentarecutback,killingcreativityand

restrictingthedevelopmentofessentiallifeskills.

Amongthedemandsandhustle（ft碌）ofdailylife,asparents,itseasytooverlookthevalueofplay——

notjustforchildrenbutalsoforourselves.Prioritizing（優(yōu)先）playasanadultisn'taluxury；it'savitalcomponent

forahealthyandhappylife.Beyondthejoyitbrings,playoffersthesamephysicalandmentalbenefitsforadults

asitdoesforchildren.Welcomingfunandlaughternotonlyenrichesourlivesbutalsobringsmomentsofjoyinto

ourfamilies.

（1）Whatismainlytalkedaboutbabiesinparagraph2?

A.Themethodsofcommunication.

B.Theinteractionswithparents.

C.Thebeginningoffirstplay.

D.Thewaystodrawtheirattention.

（2）Whydochildrenplaylesstheseyearsthanbefore?

A.Becauseplayiswidelyconsideredaschildishness.

B.Becausechildrenhaveahugeacademicalburden.

C.Becausenoonebenefitsfromplay.

D.Becausetheirparentsaretoobusy.

(3)Whoisthepassagemainlyintendedfor?

A.Parents.

B.Educators.

C.Children.

D.Doctors.

(4)Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.TheBenefitsofLeisure

B.ThePowerofPlay

C.TheAdviceforParents

D.ThegrowthofChildren

9.(2024春?浦東新區(qū)校級期末)”Theworld'senvironmentissurprisinglyhealthy.Discuss."Ifthatwerean

examinationtopic,moststudentswouldtearitapart,offeringalonglistofcomplaints：fromlocalsmogto

globalclimatechange,from,?,.Thelistwouldlargelybeaccurate,theconcernreasonable.Yetthestudents

whoshouldbegiventhehighestmarkswouldactuallybethosewhoagreedwiththestatement.Thesurpriseis

howgoodthingsare,nothowbad.

AfteralLtheworld'spopulationhasmorethantripledduringthiscentury,andworldoutputhasrisenhugely,

soyouwouldexpecttheearthitselftohavebeenaffected.Indeed,ifpeoplelived,consumedandproducedthings

inthesamewayastheydidin1900(orl950,orindeed1980),theworldbynowwouldbeaprettydisgusting

place：smelly,dirty,toxicanddangerous.

Buttheydon't.Thereasonswhytheydon*tandwhytheenvironmenthasnotbeenruined,havetodowith

prices,technologicalinnovation,socialchangeandgovernmentregulationinresponsetopopularpressure.Thatis

whytoday'senvironmentalproblemsinthepoorcountriesought,inprinciple,tobesolvable.

Rawmaterialshavenotrunout,andshownosignofdoingso.Logically,onedaytheymust：theplanetisa

finiteplace.Yetitisalsoverybig,andmanisveryintelligent.Whathashappenedisthateverytimeamaterial

seemstoberunningshort,thepricehasrisenand,inresponse,peoplehavelookedfornewsourcesofsupply,

triedtofindwaystouselessofthematerial,orlookedforanewsubstitute.Forthisreason,pricesforenergyand

formineralshavevirtuallyfallenduringthecentury.Thesameistrueforfood.Pricesfluctuate(波動)，inresponse

toharvests,naturaldisastersandpoliticalinstability；andwhentheyrise,ittakessometimebeforenewsources

ofsupplybecomeavailable.Buttheyalwaysdo,assistedbynewfarmingandcroptechnology.Thelong-term

trendhasbeendownwards.

Itiswherepricesandmarketsdonotoperateproperlythatthissoundtrendbeginstostumble(受挫)，andthe

genuineproblemsarise.Marketscannotalwayskeeptheenvironmenthealthy.Ifnooneownstheresource

concerned,noonehasaninterestinconservingitorfosteringit.

(1)Accordingtotheauthor,whywouldmoststudentstearthetestpaperapart?

A.Becausetheyfinditchallengingtoanswertheexaminationtopic.

B.Becausetheymaintainthattheenvironmentoftheworldisbetterthanexpected.

C.Becausetheyfeelthetopicisagainsttheirknowledgeoftoday'senvironmentalproblems.

D.Becausetheyhavenoideaaboutthecurrentsituationofglobalenvironment.

(2)Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthehugeincreaseinworldoutputandpopulation.