UNIT1SCIENCEANDSCIENTISTSLearningAboutLanguage分層作業(yè)基礎(chǔ)鞏固Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1.Mr.Johnson,what’syour(think)onthequestionputforwardatthemeeting?

2.Inthe1960s,aGermanscientistmadearemarkable(find)whenobservinghoneybees.

3.(initial),thecomputersystemworkedwell,butthenwemetsomechallenges.

4.Itisreportedthatthehousepriceinsomecitieshasdecreased10%inthepastseveralyears.

5.Asamatteroffact,youshouldn’tblameothersyourfailure.

Ⅱ.根據(jù)語(yǔ)境翻譯短語(yǔ)、判斷加黑單詞的詞性和詞義1.Isubscribetotheviewthatchildrenbenefitfrombeingindependent.翻譯

2.Asasportsfan,IsubscribedtoseveralsportschannelsonTVlastyear.翻譯

3.Threeprisonersweresharingonesmallcell3metresby2metres.詞性詞義

4.Asyet,theyhavenosolid/concreteevidence,sotheyhavetoreleasethesuspect.詞性詞義;詞性詞義;詞性詞義

Ⅲ.單句語(yǔ)法專練1.Thisismyfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.

2.Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwashescoredthewinninggoal.

3.Byboatistheonlywaytogethere,whichiswearrived.

4.Thenumberofsnakeshaddeclined.Herealizedthatitwasthereweren’tenoughtreestoprotectthemfromtheheat.

5.ChineseNewYearisanimportantcelebration.Thisisdecoratingroomswithplants,fruitsandflowerscarriesspecialsignificance.

6.Makingafull-lengthclay(黏土)figurewouldnotexhaustmystrength—andthatisIintendtodo!(2020天津)

7.MyfirstimpressionoftheorganizationwasitwasnotgoingtomakeenoughofadifferencewiththeplansIhadinmind.(2021北京)

Ⅳ.結(jié)合本單元語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)完成句子1.然而,問題是這是不是發(fā)展中國(guó)家最需要的東西。However,thisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedmost.

2.她看上去好像對(duì)此一無所知。其實(shí)不然。Sheappearedshenothingaboutit.Infactthatwasnotthecase.

3.我的建議是,如果你想上你理想的大學(xué),你應(yīng)該從現(xiàn)在開始努力學(xué)習(xí)。Myadviceisthatfromnowonifyouwanttogotoyouridealuniversity.

能力提升Ⅰ.閱讀理解(2021河北石家莊二中月考)ThehistoryofmicrobiologybeginswithaDutchclothmakernamedAntonivanLeeuwenhoek,amanofnoformalscientificeducation.Inthelate1600s,Leeuwenhoek,inspiredbythemagnifyinglenses(放大的鏡片)heusedtoexaminecloth,builtsomeofthefirstmicroscopes.Hedevelopedatechniquetoimprovethequalityoftiny,roundedlenses,someofwhichcouldmagnifyanobjectupto270times.Afterremovingsomeplaque(牙斑)frombetweenhisteethandexaminingitunderalens,Leeuwenhoekfoundtinytwistingcreatures,whichhecalled“animalcules”.Hisobservations,whichhereportedtotheRoyalSocietyofLondon,areamongthefirstdescriptionsofmicrobes.Leeuwenhoekdiscoveredanentireuniverseinvisibletothehumaneye.Hefounddifferentmicrobesinsamplesofpondwater,rainwater,andhumanblood.Hegavethefirstdescriptionofredbloodcells,observedplanttissue,examinedmuscle,andinvestigatedthelifecycleofinsects.Nearlytwohundredyearslater,Leeuwenhoek’sdiscoveryofmicrobeshelpedFrenchchemistandbiologistLouisPasteurtodevelophis“theoryofdisease”.Thisconceptsuggestedthatdiseaseoriginatesfromgermsattackingandweakeningthebody.Pasteur’stheorylaterhelpeddoctorstofightinfectiousdiseasesincludinganthrax,diphtheria,polio,smallpox,tetanus,andtyphoid.AllthesebreakthroughsweretheresultofLeeuwenhoek’soriginalwork.Leeuwenhoekdidnotforeseethislegacy.

Ina1716letter,Leeuwenhoekdescribedhiscontributiontosciencethisway:“Mywork,whichI’vedoneforalongtime,wasnotpursuedinordertogainthepraiseInowenjoy.Itwaschieflyfromastrongdesireforknowledge,whichInoticeresidesinmemorethaninmostothermen.Andtherefore,wheneverIfoundoutanythingremarkable,Ihavethoughtitmydutytoputdownmydiscoveryonpaper,sothatthescientificcommunitymightbeinformedthereof.”1.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLeeuwenhoek?A.Atrainedresearcherwithaninterestinmicrobiology.B.Acuriousamateur(業(yè)余愛好者)whomadepioneerstudiesofmicrobes.C.Atalentedscientistinterestedinfindingacurefordisease.D.Aboredclothmakerwhoaccidentallymadeamajordiscovery.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thislegacy”inParagraph3referto?A.Thediscoveryofmicrobes.B.Pasteur’stheoryofdisease.C.Leeuwenhoek’scontribution.D.Theoriginofthetinyorganism.3.WhatdoesthequotefromLeeuwenhoek’slettersuggest?A.Headmittedthatmanyofhisdiscoverieshappenedbychance.B.Heconsideredhisworktobecentraltolatermedicalbreakthroughs.C.Hewasgreatlyconcernedwithimprovingpeople’slivingconditions.D.Hebelievedthesharingofknowledgewasakeytoscientificprogress.4.Whatisthecorrectorderofthefollowingevents?a.Magnifyinglenseswerebuilt.b.The“theoryofdisease”wasputforward.c.Microbeswerediscoveredinsamplesofwaters.d.Leeuwenhoek’sfirstmicroscopesweresuccessfullydeveloped.e.Leeuwenhoekexplainedhisthoughtsuponhisowncontribution.A.a-d-c-e-b.B.d-a-c-e-b.C.a-d-c-b-e.D.d-a-e-b-c.Ⅱ.完形填空(2022福建三明一中月考,)Therewasasciencefictionstorytellingaboutaverygiftedscientist.Helearnedtheartofreproducingmanycopiesofhimselfafteralotofpractice.Hediditso1thatitwasimpossibletotellthereproductionfromtheoriginal.

Thereweresomepeoplewhowereagainsthimand2himsomuchthattheywouldorderakillertokillhim,butthescientistdidn’twanttodie.Oneday,he3thatsomeonewassearchingforhim.“Itmustbethekiller,”hethought.Inordertoremain4,hehadalreadyreproducedmultiplecopiesofhimself.Thenhe5himselfamongthesereproductions.

Inthelab,thekillerwasata6toknowwhichwastherealscientist.Thenhesaid,“Sir,I’vediscoveredasmall7inyourwork.”Hearingthis,thescientistimmediately8andshouted,“It’s9!Myworkisperfect!Whereisthefault?”“Righthere,”saidthekiller.Thenhe10thescientist.

Thescientist’swholeplan11andhelosthis12becausehecouldn’tcontrolhimself.Atthesametime,hehada(n)13weakness—pride.Infact,patienceandmodestyaregoodqualitieswhichwillhelpusbecalmandact14whenwehavetocompletedifficulttasks.Nexttimebeforemakinga15,bemodestandpatientandthinktwice.

1.A.bravelyB.slowlyC.perfectlyD.confidently2.A.fearedB.supportedC.admiredD.warned3.A.noticedB.rememberedC.expectedD.imagined4.A.proudB.specialC.aliveD.awake5.A.hidB.protectedC.discoveredD.reminded6.A.riskB.timeC.lossD.chance7.A.secretB.benefitC.mistakeD.surprise8.A.ranawayB.jumpedupC.calmeddownD.felldown9.A.impossibleB.unnecessaryC.reasonableD.interesting10.A.followedB.caughtC.passedD.invited11.A.failedB.appearedC.remainedD.succeeded12.A.dreamB.workC.memoryD.life13.A.excellentB.obviousC.strangeD.similar14.A.silentlyB.quicklyC.honestlyD.wisely15.A.promiseB.suggestionC.decisionD.commentⅢ.語(yǔ)法填空(2021河北邢臺(tái)月考)WhenitcomestoU.S.middleschoolscienceandengineering,girlsrule.Girlstookthetopfiveprizesatthe2019BroadcomMASTERS,acompetitionformiddleschoolstudentsacrossthecountry.Thewinners1(announce)lastmonth.Thechampionwas14-year-oldbrilliantAlainaGasslerwhodesigned2systemtomakedrivingsaferbydecreasingthenumberofblindspots,theareasthatdriverscannotseeoutsidetheirvehicles,3leadtoabout840,000accidentsayearnationwide.

Alaina’ssystemhelpsdriverssee“through”theA-framepillar(支柱),thepartofthevehicleatthefrontthat4(join)thetopandfrontwindow,whichisimportantforsafetyandcannotberemoved.Alainausedacamera5(help)driverslook“through”thestructuretoseewhatisblocked.Thecamerasendsavideotoadevicethatshows6(image)ontheothersideofthepillar.Thedriverthencanseewhatis7theblindspot.

Alainasaidshewasso8(surprise)whensheheardhernamecalledasthewinner.Shereceiveda$25,000prizeforher9(invent)andtoldPopularMechanicsthatshewouldmakeimprovementstoherdevicewiththemoney.Alainasaidshewantedtoimprovethepicture,10(make)iteasytoseeinanykindofweather,oratanytimeofaday.

1.2.3.4.5.

6.7.8.9.10.

Ⅳ.書面表達(dá)(2022湖北黃岡月考)屠呦呦為社會(huì)發(fā)展做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn),你身為一名高中生,要向她學(xué)習(xí),立志做一個(gè)對(duì)社會(huì)有用的人。請(qǐng)你就此寫一篇演講稿,要點(diǎn)如下:1.介紹屠呦呦的主要成就——帶領(lǐng)團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)現(xiàn)了青蒿素,獲得諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng);2.提倡學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)她身上優(yōu)良的精神品質(zhì),如堅(jiān)定、有耐心、不放棄等;3.號(hào)召學(xué)生樹立遠(yuǎn)大理想,做一個(gè)對(duì)社會(huì)有用的人。注意:詞數(shù)80左右。參考詞匯:青蒿素artemisinin;瘧疾malaria

答案解析Ⅰ.1.thinking考查名詞。設(shè)空處前有形容詞性物主代詞your,故此處應(yīng)用名詞thinking,表示“見解”。2.finding考查名詞。由設(shè)空處前的aGermanscientist(主語(yǔ))和made(謂語(yǔ))可知設(shè)空處作賓語(yǔ),由前面的不定冠詞a可知應(yīng)填名詞finding,意為“發(fā)現(xiàn)”。3.Initially考查副詞。設(shè)空處置于句首,在句中作狀語(yǔ),修飾整個(gè)句子,應(yīng)用副詞Initially,意為“最初”。4.by考查介詞。此處指某些城市的房?jī)r(jià)在過去幾年里下降了10%,表示“下降了……”,用decreaseby...。故填by。5.for考查介詞。blamesb.forsth.意為“把某事歸咎于某人”。故填介詞for。此處指你不應(yīng)該把你的失敗歸咎于其他人。Ⅱ.1.同意2.定期訂購(gòu)3.名詞;牢房4.形容詞;可靠的形容詞;確實(shí)的,具體的名詞;嫌疑犯Ⅲ.1.whatmyfatherhastaughtme是表語(yǔ)從句,設(shè)空處在從句中作taught的直接賓語(yǔ),且此處表示“父親教我的道理”,故填what。

2.when句意:對(duì)這個(gè)足球明星來說,最好的時(shí)刻是他踢進(jìn)決勝球的時(shí)刻。hescoredthewinninggoal是表語(yǔ)從句,結(jié)合句意可知設(shè)空處在從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),故填when。

3.how句意:乘船是到達(dá)這里的唯一途徑,這就是我們?nèi)绾蔚竭_(dá)(這里)的。wearrived是表語(yǔ)從句,結(jié)合句意可知設(shè)空處在從句中作方式狀語(yǔ),表示“如何”,故填how。

4.because句意:蛇的數(shù)量減少了。他意識(shí)到這是因?yàn)闆]有足夠的樹木來保護(hù)它們免受高溫的侵襲。thereweren’tenoughtreestoprotectthemfromtheheat是表語(yǔ)從句,結(jié)合句意可知此處表示“這是因?yàn)椤?故填because。

5.why句意:中國(guó)新年是一個(gè)重要的慶?；顒?dòng)。這就是為什么用植物、水果和鮮花裝飾房間具有特殊意義。decoratingroomswithplants,fruitsandflowerscarriesspecialsignificance是表語(yǔ)從句,結(jié)合句意可知此處表示“這就是為什么……”。故填why。

6.whatIintendtodo是表語(yǔ)從句,且設(shè)空處在表語(yǔ)從句中作do的賓語(yǔ),指“……的事情”,故填what。

7.that句意:我對(duì)該組織的第一印象是,它不會(huì)對(duì)我心目中的計(jì)劃產(chǎn)生足夠的影響。itwasnotgoingtomakeenoughofadifferencewiththeplansIhadinmind是表語(yǔ)從句,從句成分完整,且結(jié)合句意可知設(shè)空處無詞義,故用that引導(dǎo)該表語(yǔ)從句。

Ⅳ.1.thequestioniswhether2.asif/though;hadknown3.youshouldstudyhardⅠ.本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了安東尼·列文虎克制作顯微鏡的過程以及他對(duì)微生物學(xué)做出的貢獻(xiàn)和他本人對(duì)自己的貢獻(xiàn)的看法。1.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“aDutchclothmaker”“amanofnoformalscientificeducation”和第二段中的“Hisobservations...areamongthefirstdescriptionsofmicrobes.”可知,列文虎克是一個(gè)求知欲強(qiáng)的業(yè)余愛好者,他對(duì)微生物進(jìn)行了開創(chuàng)性的研究。故選B。易錯(cuò)歸因本題容易誤選D項(xiàng),需要注意的是D項(xiàng)中的bored是一個(gè)帶有感情色彩的形容詞,但在文章中無從體現(xiàn)。2.C詞義猜測(cè)題。thislegacy前面說到LouisPasteur的“theoryofdisease”和這個(gè)理論幫助醫(yī)生們戰(zhàn)勝感染性疾病的突破,所有的這些都源自列文虎克的貢獻(xiàn),但是他并沒有預(yù)見到這些,由此推知,畫線詞指的是“列文虎克的貢獻(xiàn)”。故選C。3.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“wheneverIfoundout...beinformedthereof”可知,每當(dāng)列文虎克發(fā)現(xiàn)任何值得注意的事情時(shí),他都認(rèn)為他有責(zé)任把他的發(fā)現(xiàn)寫在紙上,以便讓科學(xué)界知道。由此可推知,引用的列文虎克的信中的話表明他相信分享知識(shí)是科學(xué)進(jìn)步的關(guān)鍵。故選D。4.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知,事件的正確順序是a-d-c-e-b。易錯(cuò)歸因本題容易誤選C項(xiàng),混淆的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)在于b和e誰先出現(xiàn)的,需要注意的是雖然文章是在第三段講到“theoryofdisease”,在第四段說到列文虎克解釋了他對(duì)自己貢獻(xiàn)的想法,但是要注意這兩者發(fā)生的時(shí)間,“theoryofdisease”是在近兩百年之后提出來的,這遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)要比1716年列文虎克解釋他對(duì)自己貢獻(xiàn)的想法靠后?！靖哳l詞匯】1.invisibleadj.看不見的;隱形的;無形的2.investigatev.研究;調(diào)查3.originaladj.最早的;起初的;原來的4.foreseev.預(yù)見5.contributionn.貢獻(xiàn);促成作用;捐款6.remarkableadj.引人注目的;奇異的;非凡的;顯著的7.accidentallyadv.偶然地;意外地8.putforward提出【差距詞匯】1.animalculen.極微動(dòng)物2.legacyn.由先人流傳下來的東西(或問題);遺產(chǎn)3.residein...存在于……長(zhǎng)難句分析本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。句中whenever引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句;sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句;havethoughtitmydutytoputdownmydiscoveryonpaper中的it作形式賓語(yǔ),真正的賓語(yǔ)是后面的不定式短語(yǔ)。譯文因此,每當(dāng)我發(fā)現(xiàn)了任何不同尋常的東西,我都認(rèn)為我有責(zé)任把我的發(fā)現(xiàn)在紙上寫下來,以便讓科學(xué)界由此知道。Ⅱ.本文是一篇記敘文,主要講述了一位科學(xué)家研發(fā)了一項(xiàng)復(fù)制自己的技術(shù)。但是他由于太過驕傲失去理性,被殺手抓住而付出了生命的代價(jià)。1.C根據(jù)下文“itwasimpossibletotellthereproductionfromtheoriginal”可知,他做得很完美,以致無法分辨復(fù)制品和原作。故選C。2.A根據(jù)上段中的“Helearnedtheartofreproducingmanycopiesofhimselfafteralotofpractice.”以及空格后的“orderakillertokillhim”可知,他學(xué)會(huì)了復(fù)制自己的技術(shù),這讓人們很害怕,以至于有人要派殺手殺他。故選A。3.A根據(jù)下文“Itmustbethekiller”可知,他注意到有人找他,所以他猜測(cè)那是要?dú)⑺娜?。故選A。4.C根據(jù)上文“butthescientistdidn’twanttodie”可知,此處表示他不想死,他仍想活下去。故選C。5.A根據(jù)空格后的“amongthesereproductions”及下段中的“whichwastherealscientist”可知,他把自己隱藏于那些復(fù)制品中,所以殺手不知道哪個(gè)是真的他。故選A。6.C上文說到為了活著,他復(fù)制了很多個(gè)自己并藏于其中,殺手不知道哪個(gè)是真的他,所以此處表示殺手不知所措。ataloss不知所措。故選C。7.C根據(jù)下文“Whereisthefault?”可知,殺手指出他的作品有錯(cuò)誤。故選C。8.B上文提到殺手說科學(xué)家的作品有錯(cuò)誤,下文科學(xué)家大喊“Myworkisperfect!Whereisthefault?”可知他情緒激動(dòng),所以此處應(yīng)是他立即跳了起來。故選B。9.A根據(jù)下文“Myworkisperfect!Whereisthefault?”可知,此處表示科學(xué)家反駁殺手,說自己的作品很完美,有錯(cuò)誤是不可能的。故選A。10.B根據(jù)上文“Righthere”可知,此處表示殺手抓到了科學(xué)家。故選B。11.A上文提到科學(xué)家被抓到,顯然他的整個(gè)計(jì)劃失敗了。故選A。12.D根據(jù)上文有人雇殺手殺科學(xué)家可知,科學(xué)家被殺手抓住后失去了生命。故選D。13.B上文提到當(dāng)殺手說科學(xué)家的作品有錯(cuò)誤時(shí),他不相信,仍說自己的作品很完美,說明他自負(fù)的這個(gè)弱點(diǎn)是很明顯的。故選B。14.D有耐心和謙虛是良好的品質(zhì),可以幫我們保持冷靜,并明智地行動(dòng)。故選D。15.C根據(jù)空后“bemodestandpatientandthinktwice”可知,此處表示在作決定之前,我們要謙虛、有耐心、再三考慮?！靖哳l詞匯】1.originaln.原作,原件adj.原來的;獨(dú)創(chuàng)的2.ataloss不知所措3.immediatelyadv.立即;馬上4.qualityn.品德,人品,素質(zhì);特征5.completev.完成;結(jié)束6.modestadj.謙虛的;謙遜的7.commentn.評(píng)論【熟詞生義】tellv.分辨,辨認(rèn)長(zhǎng)難句分析本句是一個(gè)并列復(fù)合句。句中連詞but連接有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的兩個(gè)并列分句。在第一個(gè)分句中,關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,該定語(yǔ)從句中又包含一個(gè)由so...that...引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。譯文有一些人反對(duì)他,非常害怕他,以至于他們將命令一個(gè)殺手去殺死他,但這位科學(xué)家不想死。Ⅲ.本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。Alaina發(fā)明了一個(gè)系統(tǒng),贏得了博通大師賽的冠軍。文章對(duì)她的獲獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)目以及她獲獎(jiǎng)后想做的事情做了介紹。1.wereannounced考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)及主謂一致?！矮@獎(jiǎng)?wù)摺迸c“宣布”之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);根據(jù)句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)lastmonth可知應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí);主語(yǔ)為Thewinners,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填wereannounced。2.a考查冠詞。此處指冠軍是14歲的聰穎的AlainaGassler,她設(shè)計(jì)了一個(gè)通過減少盲區(qū)數(shù)量來提高駕駛安全性的系統(tǒng)。system在此處第一次出現(xiàn),表泛指,應(yīng)用不定冠詞,system以輔音音素開頭,故填a。3.which考查定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。設(shè)空處無提示詞,且前面有逗號(hào),leadtoabout840,000accidentsayearnationwide中缺少主語(yǔ),此處指盲區(qū)指的是司機(jī)看不到的車外的區(qū)域,這些盲區(qū)每年導(dǎo)致全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)約84萬起事故,故推測(cè)設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾指物的先行詞blindspots,故用關(guān)系代詞which。

4.joins考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)及主謂一致。此處描述一般事實(shí),應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),設(shè)空處前的