雅思（閱讀）模擬試卷1（共9套）

（共360題）

雅思（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套

一、綜合題（本題共40題，每題1.0分，共40分。）

READINGPASSAGE1Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions1-13which

arebasedonReadingPassage1below.Part

OneAAirpollutionisincreasinglybecomingthefocusofgovernmentandcitizen

concernaroundtheglobe.FromMexicoCityandNewYork,toSingaporeandTokyo,

newsolutionstothisoldproblemarebeingproposed,trialledandimplementedwithever

increasingspeed.Itisfearedthatunlesspollutionreductionmeasuresareabletokeep

pacewiththecontinuedpressuresofurbangrowth,airqualityinmanyoftheworld's

majorcitieswilldeterioratebeyondreason.BActionisbeingtakenalongseveral

fronts:throughnewlegislation,improvedenforcementandinnovativetechnology.InLos

Angeles,stateregulationsarcforcingmanufacturerstotrytosellevercleanercars:their

firstofthecleanest,titled'ZeroEmissionVehicles',havetobeavailablesoon,sincethey

areintendedtomakeup2percentofsalesin1997.LocalauthoritiesinLondonare

campaigningtobeallowedtoenforceanti-pollutionlawsthemselves;atpresentonlythe

policehavethepowertodoso,buttheytendtobebusyelsewhere.InSingapore,renting

outroadspacetousersisthewayofthefuture.CWhenBritain'sRoyalAutomobile

Clubmonitoredtheexhaustsof60,000vehicles,itfoundthat12percentofthem

producedmorethanhalfthetotalpollution.Oldercarsweretheworstoffenders;thougha

sizeablenumberofquitenewcarswerealsoidentifiedasgrosspolluters,theywere

simplybadlytuned.Californiahasdevelopedaschemetogetthesegrosspollutersoffthe

streets:theyofferaflat$700foranyold,run-downvehicledriveninbyitsowner.The

aimistoremovetheheaviest-polluting,mostdecrepitvehiclesfromtheroads.DAs

partofaEuropeanUnionenvironmentalprogramme,aLondoncouncilistestingan

infra-redspectrometerfromtheUniversityofDenverinColorado.Itgougesthepollution

fromapassingvehicle-moreusefulthantheannualstationarytestthatistheBritish

standardtoday-bybouncingabeamthroughtheexhaustandmeasuringwhatgets

blocked.Thecouncil'snextstepmaybetolinkthesystemtoacomputerisedvideo

cameraabletoreadnumberplatesautomatically.ETheefforttocleanupcarsmay

dolittletocutpollutionifnothingisdoneaboutthetendencytodrivethemmore.Los

Angeleshassomeoftheworld'scleanestcars-farbetterthanthoseofEurope-butthe

totalnumberofmilesthosecarsdrivecontinuestogrow.Onesolutioniscar-pooling,an

arrangementinwhichanumberofpeoplewhosharethesamedestinationsharetheuseof

onecar.However,theaveragenumberofpeopleinacaronthefreewayinLosAngeles,

whichis1.3,hasbeenfallingsteadily.Increasingitwouldbeaneffectivewayof

reducingemissionsaswellaseasingcongestion.Thetroubleis,LosAngelenosseemto

likebeingaloneintheircars.FSingaporehasforawhilehadaschemethatforces

driverstobuyabadgeiftheywishtovisitacertainpartofthecity.Electronic

innovationsmakepossibleincreasingsophistication:ratescanvaryaccordingtoroad

conditions,timeofdayandsoon.Singaporeisadvancinginthisdirection,withacity-

widenetworkoftransmitterstocollectinformationandchargedriversastheypass

certainpoints.Suchroad-pricing,however,canbecontroversial.Whenthelocal

governmentinCambridge,England,consideredintroducingSingaporeantechniques,it

facedvocalandultimatelysuccessfulopposition.

PartTwoThescopeoftheproblemfacingtheworld'scitiesisimmense.In1992,the

UnitedNationsEnvironmentalProgrammeandtheWorldHealthOrganisation(WHO)

concludedthatallofasampleoftwentymegacities-placeslikelytohavemorethanten

millioninhabitantsintheyear2000-alreadyexceededtheleveltheWHOdeemshealthy

inatleastonemajorpollutant.Two-thirdsofthemexceededtheguidelinesfortwo,seven

forthreeormore.OfthesixpollutantsmonitoredbytheWHO-carbondioxide,

nitrogendioxide,ozone,sulphurdioxide,leadandparticulatematter-itisthislast

categorythatisattractingthemostattentionfromhealthresearchers.PM10,asub-

categoryofparticulatemattermeasuringten-millionthsofametreacross,hasbeen

implicatedinthousandsofdeathsayearinBritainalone.Researchbeingconductedin

twocountiesofSouthernCaliforniaisreachingsimilarlydisturbingconclusions

concerningthislittle-understoodpollutant.Aworld-wideriseinallergies,

particularlyasthma,overthepastfourdecadesisnowsaidtobelinkedwithincreasedair

pollution.Thelungsandbrainsofchildrenwhogrowupinpollutedairofferfurther

evidenceofitsdestructivepower.Theoldandill,however,arethemostvulnerabletothe

acuteeffectsofheavilypollutedstagnantair.Itcanactuallyhastendeath,asitdidin

December1991whenacloudofexhaustfumeslingeredoverthecityofLondonforover

aweek.TheUnitedNationshasestimatedthatintheyear2000therewillbetwenty-

fourmega-citiesandafurthereighty-fivecitiesofmorethanthreemillionpeople.The

pressureonpublicofficials,corporationsandurbancitizenstoreverseestablishedtrends

inairpollutionislikelytogrowinproportionwiththegrowthofcitiesthemselves.

Progressisbeingmade.Thequestion,though,remainsthesame:'Willchangehappen

quicklyenough?'

1Questions1-5Lookatthefollowingsolutions(Questions1-5)andlocations.Match

eachsolutionwithonelocation.Writetheappropriatelocationsinboxes1-5onyour

answersheet.NB:Youmayuseanylocationmorethanonce.LOCATIONS:Singapore

TokyoLondonNewYorkMexicoCityCambridgeLosAngeles

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：LosAngeles

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

2、*

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：London

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

3、*

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：Singapore

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

4、*

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：London

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

5、*

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：LosAngeles

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

6、Questions6-10Dothefollowingstatementsreflecttheclaimsofthewriterin

ReadingPassage1?Inboxes6-10onyouranswersheetwriteYESifthestatement

reflectstheclaimsofthewriterNOifthestatementcontradictstheclaimsofthe

writerNOTGIVENifitisimpossibletosaywhatthewriterthinksaboutthis

A、YES

B、NO

C、NOTGIVEN

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

7、*

A、YES

B、NO

C、NOTGIVEN

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

8、*

A、YES

B、NO

C、NOTGIVEN

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

9、*

A、YES

B、NO

C、NOTGIVEN

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

10、*

A、YES

B、NO

C、NOTGIVEN

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

11>Questions11-13ChoosetheappropriatelettersA-Dandwritetheminboxes11-13

onyouranswersheet.

A、one

B、two

C、three

D、seven

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

12、*

A、nitrogendioxide

B、ozone

C、lead

D、particulatematter

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

13、*

A、allergysufferers

B、children

C>theoldandill

D、asthmasufferers

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

READINGPASSAGE2Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions14-27which

arebasedonReadingPassage2below.?OTESFOR

WOMENThesuffragettemovement,whichcampaignedforvotesfbrwomeninthe

earlytwentiethcentury,ismostcommonlyassociatedwiththePankhurstfamilyand

militantactsofvaryingdegreesofviolence.TheMuseumofLondonhasdrawnonils

archivecollectiontoconveyafreshpicturewithitsexhibitionThePurple,Whiteand

Green:SuffragettesinLondon1906-14.Thenameisareferencetothecolour

schemethattheWomen'sSocialandPoliticalUnion(WSPU)createdtogivethe

movementauniform,nationwideimage.Bydoingso,itbecameoneofthefirstgroupsto

projectacorporateidentity,anditisthisadvancedmarketingstrategy,alongwiththe

otherorganisationalandcommercialachievementsoftheWSPU,towhichtheexhibition

isdevoted.Formedin1903bythepoliticalcampaignerMrsEmmelinePankhurst

andherdaughtersChristabelandSylvia,theWSPUbegananeducatedcampaigntoput

women'ssuffrageonthepoliticalagenda.NewZealand,AustraliaandpartsoftheUnited

Stateshadalreadyenfranchisedwomen,andgrowingnumbersoftheirBritish

counterpartswantedthesameopportunity.Withtheirslogan'Deedsnotwords1,and

theintroductionofthecolourscheme,theWSPUsoonbroughtthemovementthe

cohesionandlocusithadpreviouslylacked.Membershipgrewrapidlyaswomen

desertedthemanyother,lessdirected,groupsandjoinedit.By1906theWSPU

headquarters,calledtheWomen'sPressShop,hadbeenestablishedinChafingCross

Roadandinspiteoflimitedcommunications(noradioortelevision,andminimaluseof

thetelephone)themessagehadspreadaroundthecountry,withmembersandbranch

officersstretchingtoasfarawayasScotland.Thenewspapersproducedbythe

WSPU,firstVotesforWomenandlaterTheSuffragette,playedavitalroleinthis

communication.Bothweresoldthroughoutthecountryandprovedaninvaluablewayof

informingmembersofmeetings,marches,fundraisingeventsandthelatestnewsand

viewsonthemovement.Equallyimportantlyforarisingpoliticalgroup,the

newspaperreturnedaprofit.Thiswaspartlybecauseadvertisingspacewasboughtinthe

paperbylargedepartmentstoressuchasSelfridges,andjewellerssuchasMappin&

Webb.Thesetwo,togetherwithotherlikemindedcommercialenterprisessympatheticto

thecause,hadquicklyidentifiedadirectwaytoreachahugemarketofwomen,many

withmoneytospend.Thecreationofthecolourschemeprovidedanothermoney-

makingopportunitywhichtheWSPUwasquicktoexploit.Thegroupbegantosell

playingcards,boardgames.Christmasandgreetingcards,andcountlessothergoods,all

inthepurple,whiteandgreencolours.In1906suchmerchandisingofacorporate

identitywasanewmarketingconcept.Butthepaperandmerchandisingactivities

alonedidnotprovidesufficientfundsfortheWSPUtomcctorganisationalcosts,so

numerousotherfundraisingactivitiescombinedtofillthecoffersofthe'warchest'.The

mostnotableofthesewastheWoman'sExhibition,whichtookplacein1909ina

Knightsbridgeicc-skatingrink.andin10daysraisedtheequivalentof￡250.000today.

TheMuseumofLondon'sexhibitionislargelyvisual,withahugenumberofitemson

show.Againstaquietbackgroundhumofstreetsounds,copiesofTheSuffragette,

campaignbannersandphotographsareallondisplay,togetherwithoneofMrs

Pankhurst'sshoesandanumberofpurple,whiteandgreentrinkets.Photographs

depictvividscenesofasuffragette'slife:WSPUmembersonaself-roclaimed'monster*

march,wearingtheirofficialuniformsofawhitefrockdecoratedwithpurple,whiteand

greenaccessories:womensellingTheSuffragetteatstreetcorners,orchalkingup

pavementswithdetailsofaforthcomingmeeting.Windowsdisplaypostcardsand

greetingcardsdesignedbywomenartistsforthemovement,andthequalityofthe

artworkindicatesthewealthofresourcestheWSPUcouldcallonfromitstalented

members.Visitorscanwatchashortfilmmadeupofoldnewsreelsandcinemamaterial

whichclearlyrevealsthepoliticalmoodofthedaytowardsthesuffragettes.The

programmebeginswithashortfilmdevisedbythe'antis'-thoseopposedtowomen

havingthevote-depictingasuffragetteasafierceharridanbullyingherpoor,abused

husband.OriginalnewsreelfootageshowsthesuffragetteEmilyWildingDavison

throwingherselfunderKingGeorgeVshorseatafamousracecourse.Althoughthe

exhibitionofficiallychartstheyears1906to1914,graphicdisplayboardsoutliningthe

billsofenfranchisementof1918and1928.whichgavetheadultfemalepopulaceof

Britainthevote,showwhatwasachieved.Itdemonstrateshowadvancedthesuffragettes

wereintheirthinking,inthemarketingoftheircampaign,andintheirworkasshrewd

andskilfulimagc-buildcrs.Italsoconveysasenseoftheenergyandabilitythe

suffragettesbroughttotheirfightforfreedomandequality.Anditillustratesthe

intelligenceemployedbywomenwhowereatthattimedeemedbyseveralpoliticiansto

have'brainstoosmalltoknowhowtovote,.

14、Questions14and15ChoosetheappropriatelettersA-Dandwritetheminboxes14

and15onyouranswersheet.

A、theroleofthePankhurstfamilyinthesuffragemovement

B、theviolenceofthemovement'spoliticalcampaign

C、thesuccessofthemovement'scorporateimage

D、themovement'sco-operationwithsuffragegroupsoverseas

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

15、*

A^Itsleadersweremuchbettereducated.

B>Itreceivedfundingfrommovementsabroad.

C、Ithadaccesstonewtechnology.

D^Ithadaclearpurposeanddirection.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

16、Question16ChooseTWOlettersA-Eandwritetheminbox16onyouranswer

sheet.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：DE

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

17、Questions17-19Completethenotesbelow.ChooseNOMORETHANTHREE

WORDSfromReadingPassage2foreachanswer.Writeyouranswersinboxes17-19on

youranswersheet.ThreewaysinwhichtheWSPUraisedmoney:—thenewspapers:

mainlythroughselling[17]—merchandisingactivities:sellingalargevariety

ofgoodsproducedintheir[18]-additionalfund-raisingactivities:for

example[19]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：(selling)advertising(space)

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

18、*

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：colourscheme||(three)colours||purple,white,(and)green

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

19、*

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：（the）Woman'sExhibition

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

20、Questions20-26Dothefollowingstatementsreflectthesituationasdescribedbythe

writerinReadingPassage2?Inboxes20-26onyouranswersheetwriteYESifthe

statementreflectsthesituationasdescribedbythewriterNOifthestatement

contradictsthewriterNOTGIVENifitisimpossibletoknowwhatthesituationis

fromthepassage

A、YES

B、NO

C、NOTGIVEN

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

21、*

A、YES

B、NO

C、NOTGIVEN

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

22、*

A、YES

B、NO

C、NOTGIVEN

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

23、*

A、YES

B、NO

C、NOTGIVEN

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

24、*

A、YES

B、NO

C、NOTGIVEN

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

25、*

A、YES

B、NO

C、NOTGIVEN

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

26、*

A、YES

B、NO

C、NOTGIVEN

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

27、Question27ChoosetheappropriateletterA-Dandwriteitinbox27onyouranswer

sheet.

A、misleading.

exceptional.

C、disappointing.

D、informative.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

READINGPASSAGE3Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions28-40which

arebasedonReadingPassage3below.Measuring

OrganisationalPerformanceThereisclear-cutevidencethat,foraperiodofatleast

oneyear,supervisionwhichincreasesthedirectpressureforproductivitycanachieve

significantincreasesinproduction.However,suchshort-termincreasesareobtainedonly

atasubstantialandseriouscosttotheorganisation.Towhatextentcanamanager

makeanimpressivecamingsrecordoverashortperiodofonetothreeyearsby

exploitingthecompany'sinvestmentinthehumanorganisationinhisplantordivision?

Towhatextentwillthequalityofhisorganisationsufferifhedoesso?Thefollowingisa

descriptionofanimportantstudyconductedbytheInstituteforSocialResearchdesigned

toanswerthesequestions.Thestudycovered500clericalemployeesinfourparallel

divisions.Eachdivisionwasorganisedinexactlythesameway,usedthesame

technology,didexactlythesamekindofwork,andhademployeesofcomparable

aptitudes.Productivityinallfourofthedivisionsdependedonthenumberofclerks

involved.Theworkentailedtheprocessingofaccountsandgeneratingofinvoices.

Althoughthevolumeofworkwasconsiderable,thenatureofthebusinesswassuchthat

itcouldonlybeprocessedasitcamealong.Consequently,theonlywayinwhich

productivitycouldbeincreasedwastochangethesizeoftheworkgroup.Thefour

divisionswereassignedtotwoexperimentalprogrammesonarandombasis.Each

programmewasassignedatrandomadivisionthathadbeenhistoricallyhighin

productivityandadivisionthathadbeenbelowaverageinproductivity.Noattemptwas

madetoplaceadivisionintheprogrammethatwouldbestfititshabitualmethodsof

supervisionusedbythemanager,assistantmanagers,supervisorsandassistant

supervisors.Theexperimentaltheclericallevellastedforoneyear.Beforehand,

severalmonthsweredevotedtoplanning,andtherewasalsoatrainingperiodof

approximatelysixmonths.Productivitywasmeasuredcontinuouslyandcomputed

weeklythroughouttheyear.Theattitudesofemployeesandsupervisorystafftowards

theirworkweremeasuredjustbeforeandaftertheperiod.Turningnowtotheheart

ofthestudy,intwodivisionsanattemptwasmadetochangethesupervisionsothatthe

decisionlevelswerepusheddownanddetailedsupervisionoftheworkersreduced.More

generalsupervisionoftheclerksandtheirsupervisorswasintroduced.Inaddition,the

managers,assistantmanagers,supervisorsandassistantsupervisorsofthesetwodivisions

weretrainedingroupmethodsofleadership,whichtheyendeavouredtouseasmuchas

theirskillwouldpermitduringtheexperimentalyear.Foreasyreference,the

experimentalchangesinthesetwodivisionswillbelabelledthe'participative

programmer.Intheothertwodivisions,bycontrast,theprogrammecalledfor

modifyingthesupervisionsoastoincreasetheclosenessofsupervisionandmovethe

decisionlevelsupwards.Thiswillbelabelledthe'hierarchicallycontrolledprogramme'.

Thesechangeswereaccomplishedbyafurtherextensionofthescientificmanagement

approach.Forexample,oneofthemajorchangesmadewastohavethejobstimedandto

havestandardtimescomputed.Thisshowedthatthesedivisionswereoverstaffedby

about30%.Thegeneralmanagerthenorderedthemanagersofthesetwodivisionstocut

staffby25%.Thiswasdonebytransferswithoutreplacingthepersonswholeft;noone

wastobedismissed.ResultsoftheExperiment

AlterAher

PARTICIPATIVEHIERARCHICALLYPARTICIPATIVEHIERARCHICALLY

CONTROLLEDCONTROLLED

Employees5

Company

only

Bc*<xeAVerBeforeAfter

PARTICIPATIVEHIERARCHICALLYPARTCIPATIVEHIERARCHICALLY

CONTROLLEDCONTROLLED

KIGIRF1n(aKK4Changes

inProductivityFigure1showsthechangesinsalarycostsperunitofwork,which

reflectthechangeinproductivitythatoccurredinthedivisions.Aswillbeobserved,the

hierarchicallycontrolledprogrammesincreasedproductivitybyabout25%.Thiswasa

resultofthedirectordersfromthegeneralmanagertoreducestaffbythatamount.Direct

pressureproducedasubstantialincreaseinproduction.Asignificantincreasein

productivityof20%wasalsoachievedintheparticipativeprogramme,butthiswasnot

asgreatanincreaseasinthehierarchicallycontrolledprogramme.Tobringaboutthis

improvement,theclerksthemselvesparticipatedinthedecisiontoreducethesizeofthe

workgroup.(Theywereawareofcoursethatproductivityincreasesweresoughtby

managementinconductingtheseexperiments.)Obviously,decidingtoreducethesizeof

aworkgroupbyeliminatingsomeofitsmembersisprobablyoneofthemostdifficult

decisionsforaworkgrouptomake.Yettheclerksmadeit.Infact,onedivisioninthe

participativeprogrammeincreaseditsproductivitybyaboutthesameamountaseachof

thetwodivisionsinthehierarchicallycontrolledprogramme.Theotherparticipative

division,whichhistoricallyhadbeenthepoorestofallthedivisions,didnotdosowell

andincreasedproductivitybyonly15%.ChangesinAttitudesAlthoughboth

programmeshadsimilareffectsonproductivity,theyhadsignificantlydifferentresultsin

otherrespects.Theproductivityincreasesinthehierarchicallycontrolledprogramme

wereaccompaniedbyshiftsinanadversedirectioninsuchfactorsasloyalty,attitudes,

interest,andinvolvementinthework.Butjusttheoppositewastrueintheparticipative

programme.Forexample,Figure2showsthatwhenmoregeneralsupervisionand

increasedparticipationwereprovided,theemployees1feelingofresponsibilitytoseethat

theworkgotdoneincreased.Again,whenthesupervisorwasaway,theykepton

working.Inthehierarchicallycontrolledprogramme,however,thefeelingof

responsibilitydecreased,andwhenthesupervisorwasabsent,worktendedtostop.

AsFigure3shows,theemployeesintheparticipativeprogrammeattheendoftheyear

feltthattheirmanagerandassistantmanagerwere'closertothem*thanatthebeginning

oftheyear.Theoppositewastrueinthehierarchicalprogramme.Moreover,asFigure4

shows,employeesintheparticipativeprogrammefeltthattheirsupervisorsweremore

likelyto'puli'forthem,orforthecompanyandthem,andnotbesolelyinterestedinthe

company,whileinthehicrarchi-callycontrolledprogramme,theoppositetrend

occurred.

28、Questions28-30ChoosetheappropriatelettersA-Dandwritetheminboxes28-30

onyouranswersheet.

A、establishwhetherincreasedproductivityshouldbesoughtatanycost.

B、showthatfourdivisionscouldusethesametechnology.

C^perfectasystemforprocessingaccounts.

D、exploitthehumanorganisationofacompanyinordertoincreaseprofits.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

29、*

A、eachemployedastaffof500clerks.

B、eachhadequallevelsofproductivity.

C、hadidenticalpatternsoforganisation.

D、wererandomlychosenfbrtheexperiment.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

30、*

A、thefourdivisionswerecarefullyselectedtosuitaspecificprogramme.

B、eachdivisionwastoldtoreduceitslevelofproductivity.

C、thestaffinvolvedspentanumberofmonthspreparingforthestudy.

D、theemployeeswerequestionedabouttheirfeelingstowardsthestudy.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C「

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

31、Questions31-36Completethesummarybelow.ChooseONEwordfromReading

Passage3foreachanswer.Writeyouranswersinboxes31-36onyouranswersheet.

Thisexperimentinvolvedanorganisationcomprisingfourdivisions,whichweredivided

intotwoprogrammes:thehierarchicallycontrolledprogrammeandtheparticipative

programme.Foraperiodofoneyearadifferentmethodof[31]wasusedin

eachprogramme.Throughoutthistime[32]wascalculatedonaweeklybasis.

Duringthecourseoftheexperimentthefollowingchangesweremadeinanattemptto

improveperformance.Intheparticipativeprogramme:supervisionofallworkers

was【33】supervisorystaffweregiventrainingin[34]Inthe

hierarchicallycontrolledprogramme:supervisionofallworkerswasincreased.一

workgroupswerefoundtobe[35]by30%.theworkforcewas

[36]by25%.

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：supervision||leadership||management

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

32、*

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案:productivity

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

33、*

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：reduced||cut||decreased

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

34、*

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：(groupmethodsof)leadership

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

35、*

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：overstaffed

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

36、*

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：reduced||cut||decreased

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

37、Questions37-40LookatFigures1,2,3and4inReadingPassage3.Choosethe

mostappropriatelabel,A-I,foreachFigurefromtheboxbelow.Writeyouranswersin

boxes37-40onyouranswersheet.[A]Employees,interestinthecompany[B]Cost

increasesforthecompany[C]Changesinproductivity[D]Employees'feelingsof

responsibilitytowardscompletionofwork[E]Changesinproductivitywhensupervisor

wasabsent[F]Employees*opinionastoextentofpersonalsupportfrommanagement

[G]Employeesfeelclosertotheirsupenisors[H]Employees1feelingstowardsincreased

supervision[I]Supervisors5opinionastoclosenessofworkgroup

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識點(diǎn)解析?：暫無解析

38、*

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

39、*

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

40、*

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識點(diǎn)解析：暫無解析

雅思（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套

一、綜合題（本題共40題，每題1.0分，共40分。）

HOME-THENEWWORKPLACEOneofthescourgesofthemodernworldisthe

lengthoftimewetakecommutingtoandfromwork.Inlargecitiesthiscanmeanlosing

threeormorehourseverydayjusttravelingfromhometoworkandbackagain.Surely

thereisanalternative!Well,accordingtoasurveyconductedintheUS,22%ofpeople

wouldmuchpreferworkingfromhome,shouldcircumstancesallow.LizSewellspoketo

severalpeoplewhohavealreadymadethechangetothismodern-dayworkplacetotry

andfindoutmore.ScottMillerisa40-year-olddraughtsmanwhohasbeenworkingfrom

homeforthepasttwoyears.Headmitsthatitwasn'tsomethingthathecravedfor;rather

ithappenedwhenhiswife,Jules,auniversitylecturer,wasofferedafull-timeposition.

"Shedidn'tthinkthatshecouldtakethejob.1knewthatshereallywantedit,butshe

didn'twanttoputoursonintofull-timecare.Ihadbeenworkingforthesamefirmfor

sevenyearsanddecidedtoapproachmybosses.Mytrackrecordprobablyhelped

becausetheyacceptedtheproposition.Aslongasmyproductivitywasmaintained,they

didn'tmindwhereIworked.Alsomywifeishappy,andhercareerisblossoming.""Now

IgointotheofficeeveryMondayafternoonforameetingandtopickupmyweek's

work.Interestingly,IfeelthatIworkevenbetterfromhome,somuchsothateven

thoughoursonisnowatschool,Istillworkthere."However,isworkingfromhomeas

simpleasitsounds?Transferringworktoadifferentworkplaceisonlypartofthe

equationforJoanneMcCarthy,whountilthreemonthsagowasaHumanResources

Managerforalargepubliccorporation.Shehasnowbecomeafull-timetraderonthe

stockmarket.Shesaysshelovesthefreedomthatworkingfromhomegivesher,butshe

reallymissesthesocialinteraction."Asmyjobjustinvolvesworkingtbrmyself,by

myself,IfindthatIhavebecomemuchmoreintrovertedbecauseIdon'thavethatface-

to-face,professionalinvolvementwithpeopleanymore.Ispendalldayonthecomputer

checkingthepricesofmystocks.Byevening,Iamdesperatetotalktomyhusband-

evenifitisonlyaboutwhathehasbeendoingallday.'Shehasrealizedthatthiscould

jeopardiseherattemptstoworkfromhomeandhasdecidedtojoinalocalinvestors'club

whichmeetsonceaweekJusttogetmoreinteractioninherlife."Idon'tthinkFillearn

anythingfromit,butitwillbenicetomeetwithlike-mindedpeopleandtalkbusiness.

Meetingfriendsforcoffeeorforlunchmeetsmysocialneeds,butworkisstillalarge

partofmylife."OneofJoanne'sfriendshelpedhertomakethetransitiontoworking

fromhome.LouiseT