漢陽一中、江夏一中、洪山高中—學(xué)年度下學(xué)期3月聯(lián)考高一英語試卷試卷滿分：分本試卷共頁，題。滿分分?？荚囉脮r分鐘。注意事項：卡上的指定位置。選擇題的作答：每小題選出答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。寫在試卷、草稿紙和答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效。答題卡上的非答題區(qū)域均無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，請將本試卷和答題卡一并上交。第一部分：聽力共兩節(jié)，滿分分)第一節(jié)共5小題；每小題分，滿分分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的、、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Howwillthemangettoworktoday?A.Bybus.B.Bycar.C.Onfoot.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:youlikealifttothebusstop?W:Nothanks,it’sonlyfiveminuteswalkthere.Bytheway,whyareyoudrivingtoworktoday?M:Oh,Ioverslept.I’llbelateifItakeabus.2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】WhereisPaulrightnow?A.Inahotel.B.InhisC.Athome.【答案】B第1頁/共28頁【解析】【原文】M:Hello,Susan.ThisisMikeatthegrandhotel.IsPaulathome?W:No,Mike,heisstillworking.He’llbehomefordinner.3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whenwasborn?A.OnFebruary24.B.OnFebruary28.C.OnFebruary29.【答案】B【解析】【原文】此為聽力題，解析略。4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Aromanticmovie.B.Someresearchresults.C.Theman'snewbooks.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Mr.Brown,yournewbookisquiteunlikeyourpreviousworks.M:I’mknownforcrimethrillers,butIcouldn’tgettheideaofthishistoricalromanceoutofmymind.Ididalotofresearchtofinishthebook.5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】Whycan'tthemanusehiscaratthemoment?A.Itisinsured.B.Itisunderrepair.C.Ithasbeenlentout.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Haveyousortedyourcarout?M:thoughit’scostingmeafortunetogetitrepairedanditcostabout50%moretogetitinsured.W:Ha,butyou’rebackontheroad,right?M:Notquite.Myson’sborrowedittogoonatrip,soI’musingmybiketogetaround.第二節(jié)共小題；每小題5分。滿分5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題。從題中所給的、、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前。你將有時間閱讀各個小題。每小題5秒鐘；聽完后。各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。第2頁/共28頁6.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Neighbors.B.Husbandandwife.C.Colleagues.7.Whatisthemanmostworriedabout?A.Thefrequentnoise.B.Theairpollution.C.Thejam.【答案】6.A7.B【解析】【原文】W:Sorrytobotheryou.I’mcooking,butI’vegotnosaltathome.SoI’mcomingtoaskif…M:Ofcourse,waitaminute,hereyouare.W:ThankyouWhatareyoudoingthere?anewnovel?M:No,I’mwritingalettertothegovernment.know,theyarediscussingaplantobuildanairporthere.W:I’malsoworriedaboutthat.Thenoise,thejams.M:I’mnotthatworriedaboutthat.know,we’vegotdoubleinourroomsandwedon’tdrive.Buttheairhereisalreadyofficiallylistedaspoorquality.Andit’llgetworseiftheplangoesahead.8.Whatpositioniscurrentlyavailable?A.Ajournalist.B.Amarketingassistant.C.Asalesperson.9.Whatisthewomanaskedtodo?A.Sendane-mail.B.Callanothertime.C.Bringanapplicationform.【答案】8.B9.A【解析】【原文】W:Hello,thisisJoanAnderson.I’mcallingaboutthejobyouadvertisedinthelocalnewspaperforasalespositionatyourcomputerstore.M:I’msorrybutthatpositionhasbeenfilled.However,wedohaveanopeningforamarketingassistantposition.W:Thatsoundsgreat.Whatsortofpersonareyoulookingfor?M:Nopreviousexperienceisnecessary.Ifyouarehired,we’llgiveyouspecialjobtrainingfortwoweeks,ifyou’reinterested,youcansendusyourapplicationbyemail.willgiveyouacallafterwereviewyourapplication.第3頁/共28頁10.Wheredoesthewomandomostofherpaper?A.Athome.B.Intheclassroom.C.Inthelibrary.Whatdoesthewoman'spapermainlyconcern?A.Australianhealthcare.B.Australianpopulationin2033.C.Australianbirthanddeathrates.12.Whatisthewoman'sopinionaboutherpaper?A.Practical.B.Satisfying.C.【答案】10.CB12.B【解析】【原文】M:HelloJanet,itisthefourthtimeI’veseenyouinthelibrarythisweek.Whatareyoubusywith?W:I’mherealltheweekrounddoingmypaper.It’squietheresoIdon’tdomuchathomeorintheclassroomanditisnearlycompleted.M:Letmehavealookatit.inwhatwaydoyouthinktheAustralianpopulationwillchangein2033?W:themajorreasonforpopulationchangeisthechangeinbirthanddeathratesoverthepast150years.TheimprovementonAustralianhealthcarehasLEDtoadropinthedeathrates.SoIthinkintheyearof2033thepopulationinAustraliawillincrease.M:Thatmakessense.Iknowyoumusthavedonealotofworkonit.W:Absolutely,Iamsureitisaperfectpaper.13.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutherFrenchclass?A.Shelikestheteacher.B.Shehatestheloadsofwork.C.Shefindsitreallydifficult.14.Whatcanwelearnaboutsomeofthewoman'sclassmates?A.Theyhavealreadybeenintotown.B.Theyhaven'tgottimetogoout.第4頁/共28頁C.Theyaregoingintotownlater.15.Whatdidtheman'steacheradvisehimtodo?A.Dosomeshopping.B.afilm.C.Gosightseeing.16.Whydoesn'tthemanwanttoeatintown?A.Hishostfamilywillprepareamealforhim.B.Hehasnotime.C.Hedislikesthefoodthere.【答案】13.A14.A15.C16.A【解析】【原文】M:HihowwasyourFrenchclass?W:Ienjoyit.ItisnotdifficultandFrancoistheteacherisreallyniceandfriendly.WhataboutyouEric?intheexamclassaren’tyou?M:itisgood.There’salotofworkbutIthinkI’mreallyenjoyingitanyway.aregoingtoseewhatthiscitycentrelikearen’twe?W:someofthepeopleinmyclasswentintotownlastnightandhadagreattime.Whatwouldyouliketodo?M:couldwalkaroundforawhileordosomewindowshopping.Theteachertoldmetherearesomelocalsitesandwecangotosee.Also,Iwouldn’tmindseeingafilmlaterintheeveningifyou’dliketo.MyhostfamilyarecookingandIdon’tthinkI’llbehungryforamealthensoIdon’twanttoeatintown.W:Let’sjustseehowwefeelwhenwegetthere.ShallImeetyouafterschool?M:Ineedtogobacktomyhostfamilyfirst.I’llgiveyouacallonthe.W:Okay.17.WhatcanthelistenersgetattheInformationDesk?A.Amap.B.Agift.C.Aguidebook.18.HowwillthelistenersgettotheMainExhibitionCenter?A.Bycontinuingonuptheentrancehallway.B.Bygoingthroughtheleftdooroftheentrancehall.C.Bygoingthroughtherightdooroftheentrancehall.19.Whatdoesthespeakerthinkofthepresentationinthe3DTheater?第5頁/共28頁A.long.B.interesting.C.watching.20.Whatwillthespeakerprobablydonext?A.Meetanartist.B.Introduceazoo.C.Gotothemuseum.【答案】17.C18.A19.C20.B【解析】【原文】W:wecertainlyhaveabusydayaheadofussolet’sgetstarted,shallwe?findamapofthemuseumwiththepapersI’vejusthandedout.Themuseumisourfirstportofcall,solet’shavealookatthemapThedoorontherightoftheentrancehallleadsintothegiftshopandticketcenter.Ifyouwanttopickupaguidebook,youcanapproachtheinformationdeskontheright-handside.Nowonceyoucomebackintotheentrancehall,thedoorontheoppositesidetothegiftshopleadsintotheartgallery.Thereisaspecialexhibitionthereatthemomentwhichisnottobemissed.Ifyoucontinueonuptheentrancehallwaythatleadsintothemainexhibitioncentreatthebacklefthandside,therearesometoiletsbesidethetoiletsyou’llfindthethreedtheatre.Istronglyrecommendthatyoumake.forthethirtyminutepresentationinthetheater.Itiswellworthaviewing.Runningalongtherighthandsideofthemainexhibitioncenteristhemodernartstudio.Here,notonlycanyouviewsomeofthemostfamousworksofthetwentiethcentury,butyoucanalsolistentoaninterestinglecturebyalocalartist.Sothat’stheartmuseum.Nextonthescheduleisthezoo.It’snotwhatI’dcallahighoftheday,butitwouldbeashameifwedidn’tgettoseeit.第二部分閱讀共兩節(jié)。滿分分)第一節(jié)共小題：每小題5分，滿分5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的、、、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。AThepoemiswrittenbyRudyardKipling.Inthispoem,afathertalksofseveralvaluesandadviseshissontolivewithmoderationandconstraint(克制)tocontinuouslymaintaincalmandavoidoverreacting.Thepoemisfullofpositivityforpersonalgrowthindifficulttimes.Anyonestrugglingwithalackofdesireinlifecanstillbenefitfromit.Thepoemadvisesreaderstotakecontroloftheirownlifeandmakethemostoftheirtime.Atthebeginningof第6頁/共28頁thepoem,CharlesBukowskitalksabouthowoneshouldn’tletotherstaketheir“l(fā)ight”outofthem.Bukowskisaysthatonceyoubegintoshowupforyourownlife,“amazing”thingswillbegintohappentoyou.TheLaughingHeart,whichfocusesonriskandmakingdecisionsinlife,isattractivetoyouthasitservesasanencouragementtothemtostandupforthemselvesindifficulttimes.Throughthepoem,RitaDovediscussesthegoodmemoriesofhermostsignificantlifeinfluencesasachild.Byusinglanguageandpictures,sherecallshowgreatandsignificantherfamilyisasshelooksataphotograph.BasedonDove’spoetry,anexcellentactivitywouldbetoaskchildrentoselectaphotothat’ssignificanttothemandwritetheirownFifthGradeAutobiography.Thepoemisaboutachievingourlifegoalsdespitethechallengesweexperiencealongtheroad.Inthispoem,Shakurcompareshimselftoaneglectedrosewhowentfrombeingamarginalized(被邊緣化的)teenagertooneofthemostinfluentialsingerstheworldhaseverknown.Thepoemwillinspirereaderstofocusandrealizetheirdreams.21.WhatistheRudyardKipling’spoemabout?A.Difficultiesinlife.B.education.C.Emotionalexpression.D.Parentaladvice.22.HowdoesthepoetstartTheLaughingHeart?A.Bydescribingascene.B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Byofferingsuggestions.D.Byexplainingaproblem.23.Whatdothelasttwopoemshaveincommon?A.Theysharegoodmemoriesofthepoets.B.Theyarebasedonthepoets’ownlife.C.Theyareaboutimportantlifeskills.D.Theystresstheimportanceofdreams.【答案】21.D22.C23.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四首適宜高中生閱讀的詩歌。第7頁/共28頁【21題詳解】Inthispoem,afathertalksofseveralvaluesandadviseshissontolivewithmoderationandconstrainttocontinuouslymaintaincalmandavoidoverreacting.()”可知，RudyardKipling的詩歌是關(guān)于一位父親的建議的。故選D項?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二首詩歌介紹中的第二句“Atthebeginningofthepoem,CharlesBukowskitalksabouthowoneshouldn’tletotherstaketheir“l(fā)ight”outofthem.(在這首詩的開頭，CharlesBukowski談到了一個人不應(yīng)該讓別人奪走他們的“光”。)”可知，TheLaughingHeart這首詩歌是通過提供建議來展開。故選C項?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三首詩歌介紹中的第一句“Throughthepoem,RitaDovediscussesthegoodmemoriesofhermostsignificantlifeinfluencesasachild.(通過這首詩，RitaDove討論了她小時候最重要的生活影響的美好回憶。)”和第四首詩歌介紹中的第二句“Inthispoem,Shakurcompareshimselftoaneglectedrosewhowentfrombeingamarginalizedteenagertooneofthemostinfluentialsingerstheworldhaseverknown.(在這首詩中，Shakur的歌手之一。)”可知，最后的這兩首詩歌都是基于詩人自己的生活寫的。故選B項。BMyinitialexplorationoftheworldofcomicbookshappenedthroughthecomicstripsinnewspapers.ItbeganwithafondnessforGarfieldandhisadventures,andledtothediscoveryofarangeofcomicbookslikeChampak,Tintin,andArchie.TheyenabledmetoenjoymyselfinaworldwithoutiPadsandtheInternet―justlikesomanyofmyfriendswhowerefondofreading.Whilemyaccesstocomicsasachildwaslimitedtowhatwasprintedinthenewspaper,thischangedonceIgrewolderandstartedvisitingbookstorestobuythebooksthatIwantedtoread.Havinggrownuponadietofimage-heavybooks,Ifoundtheideaofreadingtext-onlynovelsquiteformidable.AsIsearchedforbooksthatlaysomewhereinbetween,IcameacrossacopyofBhimayana―agraphicnovel.Itfeltfamiliarduetoitscomic-likethemeanddesign.Plus,understandingcomplexnarrativesthroughpictureswasrelativelyeasierandmorefun.Andso,asIgrewolder,Ifoundmyselftransitioningtowardsgraphicnovelsfromchildishcomicbooks.Graphicnovelsdealtwithserioustopicsinamoreengagingmanner.Theywouldliterallyshowmewhatwasgoingon.Forexample,whenIwasreadingJoeSacco’sPalestine,Ididn’thavetoimaginetheruincausedbytheIsraeli-Palestinianconflict.Icouldactuallyseeitwhilereadingaboutit.第8頁/共28頁Fast-forwardafewyearstowhenIwasgivenacopyofJonathanBloomfield’sPalestine:ANovel.ThoughIwasimpressedbythecompelling(扣人心弦的)natureofstorytellinginhisbook,IamnotsureifIwouldhavebeenabletovisualizeandenjoyhistext-onlyversionsomuchhadInotreadSacco’sPalestinefirst.Thankstothegraphicnovel,Ihada“picture”ofwhateverhadhappened,andthatmadeiteasierandmorefuntounderstandthedetailsoftheoverallstory.Fromblackandwhitestripsandcolorfulcomicbookstoillustratedgraphicnovels,thistypeofstorytellinghascomealongway.Whilemyromancewithcomicbooksisstillongoing,inthelongrun,myloveforgraphicnovelsismoresubstantialandheretostay.24.Whydidtheauthorturntocomicbooksasachild?A.Hefoundcomicbooksinteresting.B.Hehadlimitedaccesstootherbooks.C.Hewantedtobedifferentfromhisfriends.D.Hecouldrelaxfromreadingtext-onlybooks.25.Whichwordcanbestexplaintheunderlinedword“formidable”inparagraph2?A.Acceptable.B.Natural.C.Scary.D.Appealing.26.WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutreadingSacco’sPalestine?A.Itencouragedhimtoreadmoretext-onlynovels.B.ItimprovedhisunderstandingofBloomfield’sbook.C.Itintroducedhimtoacompellingstyleofstorytelling.D.ItchangedhisattitudetotheIsraeli-Palestinianconflict.27.Whatdoestheauthormainlytalkaboutinthepassage?A.Comicbooksaremorethancomic.B.Whyhelovesreadinggraphicnovels.C.Whyheturnedtoseriousnovelseventually.D.Picturebooksareheretostayformanyreasons.【答案】24.A25.C26.B27.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者從小時候喜歡漫畫書到長大后喜歡圖像小說的經(jīng)歷，以及圖像小說如何幫助作者更好地理解和享受閱讀。第9頁/共28頁【24題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“ItbeganwithafondnessforGarfieldandhisadventures,andledtothediscoveryofarangeofcomicbookslikeChampak,Tintin,andArchie.TheyenabledmetoenjoymyselfinaworldwithoutiPadsandtheInternet―justlikesomanyofmyfriendswhowerefondofreading.(這一切始于對加菲貓及其冒險的喜ChampakiPad和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的世界里享受樂趣——就像我的許多喜歡閱讀的朋友一樣)”可知，作者小時候喜歡漫畫書是因為他覺得它們很有趣。故選A項?！?5題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句“Whilemyaccesstocomicsasachildwaslimitedtowhatwasprintedinthenewspaper,thischangedonceIgrewolderandstartedvisitingbookstorestobuythebooksthatIwantedtoread.Havinggrownuponadietofimage-heavybooks,Ifoundtheideaofreadingtext-onlynovelsquiteformidable.(當(dāng)我還是個孩子的時候，我接觸到的漫畫僅限于報紙上印刷的內(nèi)容，但當(dāng)我長大后開始去書店買我想讀的書時，這種情況就改變了。由于我是看著滿是圖片的書長大的，所以我覺得只讀文字的小說這個想法很______。)”以及后文“AsIsearchedforbooksthatlaysomewhereinbetween,IcameacrossacopyofBhimayana―agraphicnovel.(當(dāng)我在尋找介于兩者之間的書籍時，我偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了一本《Bhimayana》——一本圖像小說)”可知，作者從小接觸的是滿是圖片的漫畫書，所以當(dāng)接觸到只有文字的小說時，會覺得有些可怕或難以接受，因此才會去尋找介于兩者之間的圖像小說。故劃線詞formidable在此處意為“可怕的”，與scary同義。故選C項。【26題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“ThoughIwasimpressedbythecompelling(扣人心弦的)natureofstorytellinginhisbook,IamnotsureifIwouldhavebeenabletovisualizeandenjoyhistext-onlyversionsomuchhadInotreadSacco’sPalestinefirst.Thankstothegraphicnovel,Ihada‘picture’ofwhateverhadhappened,andthatmadeiteasierandmorefuntounderstandthedetailsoftheoverallstory.(雖然我被他書中扣人心弦的故事講述所吸引，但如果我先沒有讀過Sacco的《Palestine多虧了這本圖像小說，我對所發(fā)生的事情有了“畫面”，這讓我更容易也更有趣地理解整個故事的細(xì)節(jié))”可知，作者認(rèn)為讀過SaccoPalestine》后，他能夠更好地理解和享受Bloomfield的純文本小說。故選B項?！?7題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)最后一段“Fromblackandwhitestripsandcolorfulcomicbookstoillustratedgraphicnovels,thistypeofstorytellinghascomealongway.Whilemyromancewithcomicbooksis第10頁/共28頁stillongoing,inthelongrun,myloveforgraphicnovelsismoresubstantialandheretostay.(畫書到插圖圖像小說，這種講故事的方式已經(jīng)走過了很長的路。雖然我對漫畫書的熱愛仍在繼續(xù)，但從長遠(yuǎn)來看，我對圖像小說的熱愛更加深厚，并將持續(xù)下去)”可知，文章主要講述了作者為什么喜歡閱讀圖像小說。故選B項。COnemorninginJune1986,IplacedanemptysnailshellintoatidepoolonLongIsland.Ahermitcrab(寄居蟹)cameby,inspectedtheshell,andquicklyexchangeditforitsoldone.Soonanothercrabfoundtheabandonedshell,didthesame,andmovedon.About10minuteslaterathirdcrabfoundthesecond’soldhomeandclaimeditsprize,leavingbehinditsdamagedone.Itmayseemstrange,butthesesmallcreaturesaremakinguseofwhatsociologistscalla“vacancychain(空缺鏈)”—anorganizedmethodofexchangingresourcesinwhicheveryindividualbenefitsbyclaimingamoredesirablepossessionabandonedbyanotherindividual.Recentstudieshaverevealedtwotypesofvacancychainsinhermitcrabs:synchronousandasynchronous.Intheasynchronoustype(likewhatIobserved),usuallyonecrabatatimecomesacrossavacantshellwithoutothercrabsnearby.Butinsynchronouschains,theylineupbysizebehindtheoneexaminingavacantshell.Onceitmovesintothenewshell,theothersquicklyfollow,eachtakingthebetter-suitedshelterinline.Thoughresearchonvacancychainsinanimalsbeyondhermitcrabsislimited,earlyevidencesuggeststhatthestrategyhasevolvedwidespread.Humansfollowthesamepattern.Studiesin1960sManhattanshowedhownewapartmentstriggeredachainreaction,allowingmanyfamiliestoupgradetheirhousing.Cardealersintheearly20thcenturyadoptedasimilarsystem,tradinginoldcarstofacilitatenewsales.chainshighlightthatresourcedistributionisnotjustaboutcompetitionbutalsoabouttheefficienttransferofresources,sheddinglightonissueslikehousingshortagesandevencrime.Notlongago,Ireturnedtothebeachwheremyobservationsbegan.thehermitcrabscrawlthroughthetidepool,Ifeltgratefulanddelighted,realizingthatsomepatternsofoursociallifearesofundamentalthatweevensharethemwithratherprimitivecreatures.28.Wherewasthesecondcrab’soriginalshellaccordingtoparagraph1?A.Itwastakenbythefirstcrab.B.Itwasexchangedwithasnail.C.Itwasoccupiedbythethirdcrab.D.Itwasleftbehindinthetidepool.29.Whichofthefollowingiscorrectaboutthetwokindsofchains?A.Asynchronouschainsoccuronlyinanimals.第11頁/共28頁B.Asynchronouschainsinvolvefightingoverresources.C.Synchronouschainsinvolvecrabsqueuingupbyage.D.Synchronouschainsoccurwhencrabsgatherinthesameplace.30.Whichofthefollowingcanseta“vacancychain”?A.abet.B.Storingcannedfood.C.Sellingoldvehiclesfornewones.D.Buyingdisposableplasticbottles.31.Whatdoesthepassageimplyaboutthesignificanceofstudyingvacancychains?A.Itmaysuggestnewwaystocareforcrabs.B.Itmayrevealhowcompetitionisstimulated.C.Itmayhighlighttheimportanceofsavingresources.D.Itmaygiveinsightsintohumanresourcedistribution.【答案】28.C29.D30.C31.D【解析】1986年6月的一次觀察,講述了寄居蟹如何利用“空缺鏈”這,模式:同步和異步,并比較了人類社會中的類似現(xiàn)象,如住房和汽車交易中出現(xiàn)的連鎖反應(yīng)。作者反思這些模式的普遍性,表達(dá)了人與自然之間的某種聯(lián)系和相似性?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段“About10minuteslaterathirdcrabfoundthesecond’soldhomeandclaimeditsprize,leavingbehinditsdamagedone.(大約10)”可知，第二只原來的殼被第三只換走。故選C項?！?9題詳解】Intheasynchronoustype(likewhatIobserved),usuallyonecrabatatimecomesacrossavacantshellwithoutothercrabsnearby.Butinsynchronouschains,theylineupbysizebehindtheoneexaminingavacantshell.Onceitmovesintothenewshell,theothersquicklyfollow,eachtakingthebetter-suitedshelterinline.(步鏈中，它們按大小排列在檢查空殼的后面。一旦它進(jìn)入新的外殼，其他人很快就會跟著，每個人都會排)”可知，異步交換是像作者第一段描述的那樣，一次只有一只找到殼并換殼,而同步交換是多只寄居蟹聚集在同一個地方，按大小排列后依序換“房”。故選D項?！?0題詳解】第12頁/共28頁推理判斷題。由文中第二段提到定義“anorganizedmethodofexchangingresourcesinwhicheveryindividualbenefitsbyclaimingamoredesirablepossessionabandonedbyanotherindividual.(一種有組織的交換資源的方法，在這種方法中，每個人都通過聲稱被另一個人放棄的更可取的占有權(quán)而受益。)”可知，這是一種有序,并舉例“Cardealersintheearly20thcenturyadoptedasimilarsystem,tradinginoldcarstofacilitatenewsales.(20世紀(jì)初，汽車經(jīng)銷商采用了類似的制度，以舊車交易來促進(jìn)新車銷售。)”可知，汽車經(jīng)銷商也會通過以舊換新的方式促進(jìn)新車銷售，說明舊車的賣出會引發(fā)“空缺鏈”,使得鏈條中的人更新已有車輛，從資源置換中獲益。所以C項Sellingoldvehiclesfornewones.(以舊車換新車。)符合，可以引發(fā)“空缺鏈”。故選C項?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。由第三段“chainshighlightthatresourcedistributionisnotjustaboutcompetitionbutalsoabouttheefficienttransferofresources,sheddinglightonissueslikehousingshortagesandevencrime.(空缺鏈強(qiáng)調(diào)了資源分配不僅僅是競爭，還包括資源的有效轉(zhuǎn)移，為住房短缺甚至犯罪等問題提供了啟示)”可知，研究空缺鏈的意義在于可能會為人力資源分配提供見解。故選D項。DTheabilitytodetectanearbypresencewithoutseeingortouchingitmaysoundfantastical—butit’sarealabilitythatsomecreatureshave.AfamilyofAfricanfishknownasMormyridsareweaklyelectric,andhavespecialorgansthatcanlocateanearbytarget,evenwhenit’shidinginthemud.Scientistshavenowdevelopedanartificialsensorsystemmodelledontheabilityofthesefish.developedanewstrategyfor3Dmotionpositioningbyelectronicskin,bio-inspiredby‘electricfish’,”saysDr.XingeanassociateprofessorintheDepartmentofBiomedicalEngineeringattheCityUniversityofHongKong.Theteamdescribedtheire-skinsensorinapaperpublishedonNovember14inNature.Theartificialsensorismulti-layered.Onelayeractsasatransmitter(發(fā)射器),whichwillgenerateanelectricfieldonceactivated,andanotherlayeractsasareceivertodetectboththedirectionandthedistancetoanobject.Aseparatecontrollercreatesthedrivingsignaltoactivatethetransmitter.Whenanobjectcomeswithinrange,theelectricfieldaroundthesensorisdisrupted(擾亂),whichinturncanbedetectedbythereceiver.Thisdataisthenprocessedbyamicrocontrollerunit,whichcomputesthepositionofthetargetobjectandsendsthatinformationtoasmartphoneorotherdevices.Aspecialbiogel(生物凝膠)isusedinthesensor,whichhastheabilitytotransmitandreceiveelectricsignalsfromapatternofmicrochannelsonthesurface.Theendresultisasensorthatisthin,softandflexible,makingitcosytoadapttoirregularsurfaces,suchasthehumanbody.Incontrasttothetraditionalsensorsystemthatneedsa第13頁/共28頁largenumberofsensorstoachievespatialpositioning,thenewsystemcanlocateanobjectpreciselyin3Dspaceusingjustafewsensors.Thissignificantlyreducesthepowerconsumptionofdatacollection,transmission,andprocessing.Theresearchershopethatthissensorcouldonedayopenupanewrangeofwearabletechnologies,includingsensorsforhuman-machineinteractionandthin,flexiblee-skin.32.Thefirstparagraphaimstoshow__________.A.thespecialabilityofAfricanfishB.theinspirationforanewinventionC.thebigchallengeoflocatingobjectsD.thereasonfordevelopingasensor33.Whatisthecorrectorderofthesystem’sworkingprocedures?a.Thetransmittercreatesanelectricfield.b.Aunitcomputesthepositionofthetarget.c.Thecontrollersendstheactivatingsignal.d.Thereceiverdetectsthechangeofelectricsignals.e.Theelectricfieldisdisruptedbyanapproachingobject.A.c-a-e-d-b.B.c-a-d-e-b.C.a-c-e-d-b.D.a-e-c-d-b.34.Whatisanadvantageofthenewsensorsystem?A.Itssensitivitytodifferentstimulations.B.Itsadaptationtoenvironmentalchanges.C.Itsefficiencyinachieving3Dpositioning.D.Itsspeedindatacollectionandprocessing.35.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.MachineDetectiveFlexibleE-skinB.Bio-inspiredSensor“Feels”C.E-SkinSensor:TheFutureofMachineLearningD.ElectricFields:TheFrontierofObjectDetection【答案】32.B33.A34.C35.B【解析】第14頁/共28頁【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。本文介紹了一種仿生傳感器，靈感來自一種魚類，無需觸摸即可感知物體的位置?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“AfamilyofAfricanfishknownasMormyridsareweaklyelectric,andhavespecialorgansthatcanlocateanearbytarget,evenwhenit’shidinginthemud.Scientistshavenowdevelopedanartificialsensorsystemmodelledontheabilityofthesefish.(一種被稱為電魚的非洲魚類是弱電性的，有特殊的器官可以定位附近的目標(biāo)，即使它躲在泥里?？茖W(xué)家們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)開發(fā)出一種以這些魚的能力為模型的人工傳感器系統(tǒng))”可知，第一段主要介紹了一種魚類，有特殊的器官可以定位附近的目標(biāo)，受此啟發(fā)，科學(xué)家們開發(fā)出一種以這些魚的能力為模型的人工傳感器系統(tǒng)，由此可知，第一段旨在介紹一個新發(fā)明的靈感。故選B項?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容“Theartificialsensorismulti-layered.Onelayeractsasatransmitter(發(fā)射器),whichwillgenerateanelectricfieldonceactivated,andanotherlayeractsasareceivertodetectboththedirectionandthedistancetoanobject.Aseparatecontrollercreatesthedrivingsignaltoactivatethetransmitter.Whenanobjectcomeswithinrange,theelectricfieldaroundthesensorisdisrupted(擾亂),whichinturncanbedetectedbythereceiver.Thisdataisthenprocessedbyamicrocontrollerunit,whichcomputesthepositionofthetargetobjectandsendsthatinformationtoasmartphoneorotherdevices.(就會產(chǎn)生電場，另一層充當(dāng)接收器，檢測物體的方向和距離。一個單獨的控制器產(chǎn)生驅(qū)動信號來激活發(fā)射器。當(dāng)物體進(jìn)入范圍內(nèi)時，傳感器周圍的電場會被擾亂，這反過來又可以被接收器檢測到。然后，微控制器單元處理這些數(shù)據(jù)，計算目標(biāo)物體的位置，并將該信息發(fā)送到智能手機(jī)或其他設(shè)備)”可知，工作過程是控制器發(fā)送激活信號，發(fā)射器產(chǎn)生電場，電場被接近的物體擾亂，接收器檢測電信號的變化，一個微控制器單元計算目標(biāo)的位置，結(jié)合選項可知，系統(tǒng)工作程序的正確順序是“c-a-e-d-b”。故選A項?！?4題詳解】Incontrasttothetraditionalsensorsystemthatneedsalargenumberofsensorstoachievespatialpositioning,thenewsystemcanlocateanobjectpreciselyin3Dspaceusingjustafewsensors.Thissignificantlyreducesthepowerconsumptionofdatacollection,transmission,andprocessing.(與需要大量傳3D大降低了數(shù)據(jù)收集、傳輸和處理的功耗)”可知，新傳感器系統(tǒng)在實現(xiàn)3D定位方面的效率更高，大大降低3D選C項。第15頁/共28頁【35題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段中“AfamilyofAfricanfishknownasMormyridsareweaklyelectric,andhavespecialorgansthatcanlocateanearbytarget,evenwhenit’shidinginthemud.Scientistshavenowdevelopedanartificialsensorsystemmodelledontheabilityofthesefish.(一種被稱為電魚的非洲魚類是弱電性的，有特殊的器官可以定位附近的目標(biāo)，即使它躲在泥里。科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)開發(fā)出一種以這些魚的能力為模型的人工傳感器系統(tǒng))”可知，文章主要介紹了受生物啟發(fā)開發(fā)的一種新型傳感器，該傳感器能夠通過B選項“Bio-inspiredSensor“Feels”受生物啟發(fā)的傳感器“無需接觸即可感知”)”準(zhǔn)確概括了文章的核心內(nèi)容。故選B項。第二節(jié)共555分閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Oneverysmartphonetheresitsatracker’sparadise(樂園)oflocationdatareadytobeshared.____36____Andthistechismarketedasconvenient,notfrightening.Whatisanacceptablelevelofonlinesurveillance(監(jiān)視)?Ihadassumedweallagreedthattheidealwasnone.____37____Aquickenquiryonmyfriendsfoundthatthosewhowere,likeme,intheir40sandoldereitherhadnoideatheycouldusetheirphoneinthiswayorhadrelativelylittleinterestindoingso.Butfriendsadecadeorsoyoungerallseemtobetrackingoneanotheratwill.Theydon’tfindtheideaofmonitoringorbeingmonitoredinthiswayupsetting.Theysayitmakesthemfeelsafer.____38____Itisjustthattheyarerealisticabouttheprivacythatisavailable.Theyknowthatifyouownasmartphoneanddon’twanttodisableusefulthingslikemaps,thenyourlocationisalreadybeingwatched.Ifappcreators,smartphonemakersandadcompaniesarealreadytrackingyourlocation,thenwhynotsharetheinformationwithpeopleyouknow?Ifyouwanttostarttrackingthepeopleyouknow,thentherearesomerulesinvolved.It’sfinetousetrackingtocheckthatafriendhasgothomesafelyattheendofanightout,forexample,butnottosurpriset