2017年北京清華大學(xué)考博英語真題

1.Theleadersofthetwocountriesfeelitdesirabletofundsfrom

armamentstohealthandeducation.

A.deriveB.depriveC.dispatchD.divert

2.Tofundtheeventandalsopromotethemarketingvalueofthe

NationalGames,theorganizingcommitteesetuptheMarketing

DevelopmentDepartment(MDD).

A.beneficentB.expensiveC.costlyD.luxurious

3.Japaneseworkersstillputinanimpressive42hourseachweek,but

theyarebytheSouthKoreansandSingaporeanswhospendanaverage

46hoursatthegrindstone.

A.outdoneB.outweighedC.outrunD.outrivaled

4.Withtheeconomyofthecountrygoingstrong,themoodisoptimism.

A.presidingB.circulatingC.floatingD.prevailing

5.Thehunterknowsquitewellthatwildanimalsgoseekingtheirinthe

jungleafterdark.

A.victimB.favoriteC.preyD.sacrifice

6.Thecompany,EDS,issmartenoughtoits90,000-personworkforce

intoindependentmicroteamsthatworkdirectlywithindividualclients

oncreativebusinesssolutions.

A.breakout、B.breakoffC.breakfromD.breakdown

7.Theyagreedtotaketheirdisputesbeforethecommitteeandbyits

decisions.

A.standB.observeC.abideD.precede

8.Veryfewpeoplecouldunderstandthelecturetheprofessordelivered

becauseitssubjectwasvery.

A.obscureB.indefiniteC.dubiousD.intriguing

9.Pleasedon'ttoomuchonthepainfulmemories.Everythingwillbe

allright.

A.hesitateB.fingerC.retainD.dwell

10.near-perfectEnglishlanguageskills,thestudentswerekeento

exploreeveryaspectofAustralianculture,fromAussieeatingcustoms

tofamilyandstudentlife,popularculture,thenaturallandscapeandthe

ever-popularAustraliannativeanimals.

A.PossessingB.AcquiringC.ApprehendingD.Interpreting

11.Theclosingcandidate,immediatelyafterthepollshadclosed.

A.confessedB.concededC.concurredD.admitted

12.Wehavetotheroutineexpenditure,otherwiseitwillbeimpossible

forustoaffordacar.

A.declineB.condenseC.curtailD.dwindle

13.Theboardofdirectorshavealreadydiscussedthesubjectinthe

previousmeetingsandtheywillhandleitinallitsaspects.

A.inplaceB.atlengthC.onendD.offandon

14.Afterthedisasterofflood,peoplealloverthevillagemadeeffortto

rebuildtheirhome.

A.superfluousB.tenuousC.strenuousD.fatuous

15.Writtenatleast100yearsago,thehandwritingfadedandcertainly

became.

A.infiniteB.illegibleC.infectiousD.immune

16.ltisdoubtfulwhetheranyonecanbeatrulyobserverofevents.

A.inadequateB.impassiveC.geniusD.impartial

17.Shewasbythelackofappreciationshownofherhardwork.

A.frustratedB.dispersedC.functionedD.displaced

18.Theshuttleexplodedintheairsuddenlyandbrokeintoatonce.

A.diversityB.fragmentsC.doctrineD.drought

19.Asthesocietyhasrigidsocial,everyoneknowshisroleinthesociety.

A.hemisphereB.contemptC.controversyD.hierarchy

2O.Hewasbythenoiseoutsideyesterdayeveningandcouldnot

concentrateonhisstudy.

A.peckedB.orientedC.perturbedD.paddled

21.Heisofteninclinedtoinotherpeoplesaffairs,whichisnoneofhis

business.

A.manipulateB.lumberC.meddleD.litter

22.Hewastotakeoverthedutiesandresponsibilitiesofhisfatherfrom

anearlyage.

A.deducedB.dampedC.diminishedD.destined

23.Heknewthathewouldbepunishedseverelybecauseofhisserious

error.Thereforeheawaythedaybeforeyesterday.

A.cautionedB.fledC.chatteredD.civilized

24.Theevilmaimerswouldberootandbranchduetotheforcefulaction

takenbythelocalgovernment.

A.exterminatedB.exemplifiedC.facilitatedD.emitted

25.Hetoldastoryabouthissisterwhowasinasadwhenshewasill

andhadnomoney.

A.plightB.polarizationC.plagueD.pigment

26.Headdedatohisletterbysayingthathewouldarrivebefore8pm.

A.presidencyB.prestigeC.postscriptD.preliminary

27.ltwasclearthatthestormhisarrivalbytwohours.

A.retardedB.retiredC.refrainedD.retreated

28.Thisproblemshouldbediscussedfirst,forittakesoveralltheother

issues.

A.precedenceB.prosperityC.presumptionD.probability

29.Hecutthestringandheldupthetwototiethebox.

A.segmentsB.sedimentsC.seizuresD.secretes

3O.ThattragedydistressedmesomuchthatIusedtokeepindoorsand

gooutonlynecessity.

A.withinreachofB.forfearofC.bymeansofD.incaseof

31.Banksshallbeunableto,orclaimreliefagainstthefirst15%ofany

loanorbankrupteddebtleftwiththem.

A.writeoffB.putasideC.shrinkfromD.comeover

32.anyadvicewhichyoucangetfromtheinterviewerandfollowup

suggestionsforimprovingyourpresentationandqualifications.

A.TakethemostofB.Keepthemostof

C.HavethemostofD.Makethemostof

33.Thereisalossofself-confidence,asenseofpersonalfailure,great

angerandafeelingofbeingutterly?

A.letaloneB.letoutC.letdownD.leton

34.Therecoveryandofthecountry,seconomyhasalsobeen

accompaniedbyincreasingdemandsforhighqualityindustrialsites

inattractivelocations.

A.renewalB.revivalC.recessionD.relief

35.Infactthepurchasingpowerofasingleperson/spensioninHong

Kongwasonly70percentofthevalueoftheSingaporepension.

A.equivalentB.similarC.consistentD.identical

36.Itseemsareasonableruleofthumbthatanygenuineofferofhelp

andsupportfrompeopleororganizationswillbeaccompaniedbya

nameandaddress,andawillingnesstobeastotheirmotiveinmaking

contact.

A.seenthroughB.checkedoutC.touchedonD.accountedto

37.1shallthelossofmyreading-glassesinnewspaperwitharewardfor

thefinder.

A.advertiseB.informC.announceD.publish

38.Thepoornutritionintheearlystagesofinfancycanadultgrowth.

A.degenerateB.deteriorateC.boostD.retard

39.Shehadaterribleaccident,butshewasnztkilled.

A.atalleventsB.inthelongrunC.atlargeD.invain

40.Hisweakchesthimtowinterillness.

A.predictsB.preoccupiesC.prevailsD.predisposes

Atradegroupforliquorretailersputoutapressreleasewithanalarming

headline:"MillionsofKidsBuyInternetAlcohol,LandmarkSurvey

Reveals."

Theannouncement,fromtheWineandSpiritsWholesalersofAmerica

receivedwidemediaattention.OnNBC'sTodayShow,LeaThompson

said,“Accordingtoanewonlinesurvey,onein10teenagershavean

underagefriendwhohasorderedbeer,wineorliquorovertheinternet.

Morethanathirdthinktheycaneasilydoitandnearlyhalfthinkthey

won'tgetcaught//Severalnewspapersmentionedthestudy,including

USATodayandtheRecordofNewJersey.Thenewsevenmade

Australia'sGoldCoastBulletin.

Aremillionsofkidsreallybuyingboozeonline?Toarriveatthatjarring

headline,thegroupusedsomequestionablelogictopumpupresults

fromasurveythatwasalreadytiltedinfavoroffindingalargenumber

ofonlinebuyer.

Forstarters,considerthesource.Thetradegroupthatcommissionedthe

surveyhaslongfoughteffortstoexpandonlinesalesofalcohol;its

membersarelocaldistributorswhocompetewithonlineliquorsellers.

Someofthenewscoveragepointedoutthatconflictofinterest,though

reportsdidn'tdelvemoredeeplyintohowthenumberswerecomputed.

TheWineandSpiritsWholesalersofAmericahiredTeenageResearch

Unlimited,aresearchcompany,todesignthestudy.TeenageResearch,

inturn,hiredSanDiegopollingfirmLuthResearchtoputthequestions

to1,001peoplebetweentheagesof14and20inanonlinesurvey.Luth

getspeopletoparticipateinitssurveysinpartbyadvertisingthem

onlineandofferingsmallcashawards—typicallylessthan$5forshort

surveys.

Peoplewhoagreetoparticipateinonlinesurveysare,bydefinition,

internetusers,somethingthatnotallteensare.(Also,peoplewho

actuallytakethetimetocompletesuchsurveysmaybemorelikelytobe

active,orheavyinternetusers.)It'ssafetosaythatkidswhousethe

internetregularlyaremorelikelytoshoponlinethanthosewhodon't.

TeenageResearchUnlimitedtoldmeitweightedthesurveyresultsto

adjustforage,sex,ethnicityandgeographyofrespondents,buthadno

waytoadjustfordegreeofinternetusage.

Regardless,thesurveyfoundthat,afterweighting,just2.1pointsofthe

1,001respondentsboughtalcoholonline—compared,with56points

whohadconsumedalcohol.Makingthequestionableassumptionthat

theirsamplewasrepresentativeofallAmericansaged14to20with

accesstotheinternet—andnotjustthosewiththetimeandinclination

toparticipateinonlinesurveys—theresearchersconcludedthat551,000

werebuyingalcoholonline.

Butthatfallsfarshortofthereported"millionsofkids”.Tojustifythat

headline,thewholesalers'groupfocusedonanotherpartofthesurvey

thataskedrespondentsiftheyknewateenwhohadpurchasedalcohol

online.Some12pointssaidtheydid.Ofcourse,it'sridiculousto

extrapolatefromastatelikethat—onebuyercouldbeknownbymany

people,andit'simpossibletomeasureoverlap.Considerahighschool

of1,000students,with20whohaveboughtboozeonlineand100who

knowaboutthepurchases.If100oftheschool'sstudentsaresurveyed

atrandom,you'dexpecttofindtwowhohaveboughtand10whoknow

someonewhohas—butthatstillrepresentsonlytwobuyers,not

10.(Nottomentionthefactthatthinkingyouknowsomeonewhohas

orderedbeeronlineisquitedifferentfromorderingasixpackyourself.)

KarenGravoisElliott,aspokeswomanforthewholesalers'group,toldme,

“Thenumbersarereal,“butreferredquestionsaboutmethodologyto

TeenageResearch.WhenIaskedheraboutthepotentialproblemsof

conductingthesurveyonline,shesaidthemediumwasastrengthofthe

survey:〃Wespecificallywantedtolookattheteenageonline

population//

NahmeChokeir;avicepresidentofclientserviceforSanDiego-based

LuthResearchInc.,toldmethatsomeofhisonlinepanelcomesfrom

wordofmouth,whichwouldn'tnecessarilyskewtowardheavyinternet

users.Headdedthatsomeclientsdesignsurveystoscreenrespondents

byonlineusage,thoughTeenageResearchdidn't.

IaskedMichaelWood,avicepresidentatTeenageResearchwhoworked

onthesurvey,whetheronecouldsay,astheliquortradegroupdid,

thatmillionsofteenagershadboughtalcoholonline."Youcan't,"he

replied,adding,“Thisistheirpressrelease/

41.Whichofthefollowingisthemessagethatthispassageistryingto

convey?

A.Theseveresocialconsequencesofkidsbuyingalcoholonline.

B.ThehiddendrawbackoftheAmericaneducationalsystem.

C.Theinfluenceofwidecoverageofnewsmedia.

D.Theproblemsinstatisticmethodologyinsocialsurvey.

42.Accordingtotheauthor;whatiswrongwiththereportaboutkids

buyingalcohol?

A.Itisunethicaltooffercashawardstosubjectsofsurvey.

B.Thenumbersinthisreportwerefalsified.

C.Thesamplesandstatisticmethodswerenotusedlogically.

D.Thestudydesignersandsurveyconductorswerebribed.

43.Whichofthefollowingwordsisclosestinmeaningtotheword

“extrapolate“inparagraph8?

A.Conduct.B.Infer.C.Deduct.D.Whittle.

44.Bysaying"Tojustifythatheadline,thewholesalers'groupfocused

onanotherpartofthesurveythataskedrespondentsiftheyknewateen

whohadpurchasedalcoholonline”,theauthorimpliesthat.

A.itisabsurdtoconductasurveyamongteenagers

B.thewaysthewholesalers'groupconductedsurveysarestatistically

questionable

C.thiskindsofsurveyispreliminary,thereforeundependable

D.teenagersmightnotbehonestsincebuyingalcoholonlineisan

indecentbehavior

45.Whichofthefollowingismorelikelytobethesourceforproblems

inthissurvey?

A.Thissurveyistiltedinfavoroflocalalcoholdistributors,whohavea

conflictofinterestwithonlinesellers.

B.Thedatacollectionandanalysisarenotscientificandlogical.

C.Subjectsarenotsampledinarightwayandcannotrepresentthe

wholeAmericanteenagepopulation.

D.Thesurveyresultsareaffectedbygiftstosubjects,whichcanbe

misleading.

2018年北京清華大學(xué)考博英語真題及答案

PartIListeningComprehension(20points)

SectionOne

Directions:Inthissectionyouwillhearsomepeopletalkingabout

howtheirparentsmeteachotherandgotmarried.Eachofthe

conversationsisfollowedbyaninterviewwithoneoftheirparentsabout

hisorhermarriage.Listentotherecordingandanswerthequestions

belowwithwhatyouhear.Youshoulduseashortsentenceoraphrase

foreachanswer.Youwillheartherecordingonlyonce.

1.HowdidCraig'sparentsmeeteachother?

2.Whatwashisfather'sfirstimpressionofhismother?

Whatdoeshethinknow?

Hestillthinksso.

3.HowdidDave'sparentsmeeteachother?

4.Whatwashismother'sfirstimpressionofhisfather?

5.Whatdoesshethinknow?

6.HowdidSara'sparentsmeeteachother?

7.Whatwasherfather'sfirstimpressionofhermother?

Whatdoeshethinknow?

Hestillthinksso.

8.HowdidLisa'sparentsmeeteachother?

9.Whatwashermother'sfirstimpressionofherfather?

10.Whatdoesshethinknow?

SectionTwo

Directions..Inthissectionyouwillhearashortlecture.Listentothe

recordingandcompletethenotesbelowaboutthelecture.Youwillhear

therecordingonlyonce.

LectureNotes

Lecturefield/area:

11.________________________________________

LectureTopic/Theme:Memory

Threetypesofmemory:

12.________________________________________

13.________________________________________

14.________________________________________

Threewaysofmeasuringmemory:

15.________________________________________

16.________________________________________

17.________________________________________

ThreeTechniquesforrememberinginformation:

18._________________________________________

19.________________________________________

20.________________________________________

PartHVocabulary(10points)

Directions:Thereare20incompletesentencesorsentenceswith

underlinedwordsinthispart.Foreachsentencetherearefourchoices

markedAzB,CandD.Choosethebestonethatcompletesthesentence

orisnearestinmeaningwiththeunderlinedword.Andthenmarkthe

correspondingletterontheANSWERSHEETwithasinglelinethrough

thecenter.

21.Ploughsandotheragriculturalimplementswereondisplayatthe

recentexhibition.

A.equationsB.playthingsC.tools

D.machinery

22.Myowninclination,ifIwereinyoursituation,wouldbetolook

foranotherposition.

A.symptomB.likenessC.habitD.tendency

23.Thecombinationoflensesinacompoundmicroscopemakes

possiblegreateramplificationthancanbeachievedwithasinglelens.

A.managementB.magnificenceC.magnetism

D.magnification

24.Thedegreeofdownwardslopeofabeachdependsonits

compositionofdepositsaswellasontheactionofwavesacrossits

surface.

A.sentimentB.sedimentC.semester

D.segment

25.TherigorofthewinterinRussiawasoftendescribedbyMogoL

A.harshnessB.perturbationC.dismay

D.pessimism

26.Nowadays,theprescribedrolesofthemanas“breadwinner”

andthewomanashousewifearechanging.

A.ascribedB.prevalentC.originalD.settled

27.Adivorcee,Tomisthesoleproviderinatypical“singleparent”

family.

A.religiousB.spiritualC.exclusiveD.chief

28.Theoldwomanischronicallyillinbedandseldomgoesout.

A.seriouslyB.dangerouslyC.continually

D.incurably

29.Thedriverstoppedhiscarsoabruptlythathewashitbythecab

rightbehindhim.

A.impolitelyB.violentlyC.suddenly

D.maladroitly

30.BeninMayerAlcottbasedtheprincipalcharactersofherbook

LittleWomenonhersistersandherself.

A.originalB.centralC.subjunctive

D.oriental

31.Largelyduetotheuniversitytraditionandthecurrentacademic

milieu,everycollegestudenthereworks.

A.industriallyB.industriouslyC.consciously

D.purposefully

32.Idon'tthinkit'ssensibleofyoutoyourgreaterknowledge

infrontofthechairwoman,foritmaywelloffendher.

A.showupB.showoffC.showoutD.show

away

33.,hedidbecomeannoyedwithherattimes.

A.MuchashelikedherB.Ashelikedhermuch

C.AlthoughmuchhelikedherD.Muchalthoughheliked

her

34.Ifwedon'tstopflirtingwiththosedeathlynuclearweapons,the

wholeglobewill.

A.empoweredB.punishedC.polluted

D.annihilated

35.Oneoftheimportantpropertiesofascientifictheoryisitsability

tofurtherresearchandfurtherthinkingaboutaparticulartopic.

A.inventB.stimulateC.renovate

D.advocate

36.Wheninhisrebelliousyears,thatiswhenhewassixteenor

eighteen,FrankAndersongoingaroundwithastrangesetof

peopleandstayingoutverylate.

A.tooktoB.tookupC.tookonD.tookin

37.Inspiteofthewiderangeofreadingmaterialspeciallydesigned

orforlanguagelearningpurposes,thereisyetnoeffectiveand

systematicprogramforthereadingskills.

A.appointedB.assembledC.acknowledged

D.adapted

38.In1816,anapparentlyinsignificanteventinaremotepartof

NorthernEuropeEuropeintoabloodywar.

A.imposedB.plungedC.pitchedD.inserted

39.Themunicipalplanningcommissionsaidthattheirfinancial

outlookforthenextyearwasoptimistic.Theyexpectincreasedtax.

A.privilegesB.efficiencyC.revenues

D.validity

40.Theproblemofpollutionaswellasseveralotherissuesisgoing

tobediscussedwhentheCongressisinagainnextspring.

A.conventionB.conferenceC.session

D.assembly

PartIDReadingComprehension(40points)

Directions:Thereare4readingpassagesinthispart.Eachpassageis

followedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthem

therearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthe

bestchoiceandthenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheANSWER

SHEET.

PassageOne

Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

OnSeptember7,2001,a68-year-oldwomaninStrasbourg,France,

hadhergallbladder（月旦囊）removedbysurgeonsoperating,viacomputer

fromNewYork.Itwasthefirstcompletetelesurgeryprocedure

performedbysurgeonsnearly4,000milesawayfromtheirpatient.

InNewYork,MarescauxteamedupwithsurgeonMichelGagnerto

performthehistoriclong-distanceoperation.Ahigh-speedfiber-optic

serviceprovidedbyFranceTelecommadetheconnectionbetweenNew

YorkandStrasbourg.Thetwosurgeonscontrolledtheinstrumentsusing

anadvancedroboticsurgicalsystem,designedbyComputerMotionInc.,

thatenabledtheproceduretobeminimallyinvasive.Thepatientwas

releasedfromthehospitalafterabout48hoursandregainednormal

activitythefollowingweek.

Thehigh-speedfiber-opticconnectionbetweenNewYorkandFrance

madeitpossibletoovercomeakeyobstacletotelesurgerytimedelay.It

wascrucialthatacontinuoustimedelayoflessthan200millisecondsbe

maintainedthroughouttheoperation,betweenthesurgeon's

movementsinNewYorkandthereturnvideo（fromStrasbourg）onhis

screen.Thedelayproblemincludesvideocodingdecodingandsignal

transmissiontime.

FranceTelecom'sengineersachievedanaveragetimedelayof150

milliseconds."1feltascomfortableoperatingonmypatientasifIhad

beenintheroom,“saysMarescaux.

Thesuccessfulcollaboration（合作）amongmedicine,advanced

technology,andtelecommunicationsislikelytohaveenormous

implicationsforpatientcareanddoctortraining.Highlyskilledsurgeons

maysoonregularlyperformespeciallydifficultoperationsthroughlong-

distanceprocedures.Thecomputersystemsusedtocontrolsurgical

movementcanalsoleadtoabreakthroughinteachingsurgical

techniquestoanewgenerationofphysicians.Moresurgeons-in-training

willhavetheopportunitytoobservetheirteachersinactionin

telesurgeryoperatingroomsaroundtheworld.

Marescauxdescribesthesuccessoftheremotelyperformedsurgical

procedureasthebeginningofa“thirdrevolution0insurgerywithin

thelastdecade.Thefirstwasthearrivalofminimallyinvasivesurgery,

enablingprocedurestobeperformedwithguidancebyacamera,

meaningthattheabdomen（腹部）andthorax（胸腔）donothavetobe

opened.Thesecondwastheintroductionofcomputer-assistedsurgery,

wherecomplicatedsoftwarealgorithms（計算法）enhancethesafetyof

thesurgeon'smovementsduringaprocedure,makingthemmore

accurate,whileintroducingtheconceptofdistancebetweenthesurgeon

andthepatient.Itwasthusnaturaltoimaginethatthisdistance—

currentlyseveralmetersintheoperatingroom—couldpotentiallybeup

toseveralthousandkilometers.

41.Thetitlethatbestexpressesthemainideais.

A.HowTheSecondRevolutioninSurgeryComesOut

B.TheTelesurgeryRevolution

C.APatientWasSaved

D.DreamComesTrue

42.Theitalicizedword“telesurgery”(Para.1,Sentence2)canbe

bestexplainedas.

A.anoperationdoneoveradistance

B.anoperationdoneontelevision

C.anoperationdemandingspecialskill

D.anoperationdemandinghightechnology

43.Howlongdidittakethepatienttoresumehernormalactivity

aftertheoperation?

A.24hoursB.48hours

C.aboutaweekD.almostamonth

44.Whatisthemajorbarriertotelesurgery?

A.distanceB.advancedtechnology

C.delayD.medicalfacilities

45.Thewriterimpliesthat.

A.difficultoperationcanbesuccessfullyperformedallovertheworld

now

B.comparedtothe“thirdrevolution0insurgery,thefirsttwoare

lessimportant

C.allpatientscanbecuredbyagallbladder-removaloperation

D.anewbreakthroughhasbeenmadeinsurgery

PassageTwo

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Themulti-billion-dollarwesternpopmusicindustryisunderfire.Itis

beingblamedbytheUnitedNationsforthedramaticriseindrugabuse

worldwide."Themostworrisomedevelopmentisacultureofdrug-

friendlinessthatseemstobegainingprominence（顯著）:saidtheUN's

13-memberInternationalNarcoticsControlBoardinareportreleasedin

lateFebruary1998.

The74studysaysthatpopmusic,asaglobalindustry,isbyfar

themostinfluentialtrend-setterforyoungpeopleofmostcultures.

“Somelyricsadvocatethesmokingofmarijuana（大麻）ortakingother

drugs,andcertainpopstarsmakestatementsandsetexamplesasifthe

useofdrugsfornon-medicinalpurposeswereanormalandacceptable

partofaperson'slifestyle,“thestudysays.

Surprisingly,saystheBoard,theeffectofdrug-friendlypopmusic

seemstosurvivedespitetheoccasionalshockofdeathbyoverdose（過

量用藥）."Suchincidentstendtobeseenasanoccasiontomournthe

lossofarolemodel,andnotanopportunitytoconfrontthedeadlyeffect

of/recreational*druguse,“itnotes.Sincethe1970s,several

internationallyfamoussingersandmoviestars—includingElvisPresley,

JaniceJoplin,JohnBelushi,JimiHendrix,JonathanMelvinandAndy

Gibbs—havediedofeitherdrugabuseordrugrelatedillnesses.Withthe

globalizationofpopularmusic,messagestoleratingorpromotingdrug

abusearenowreachingbeyondtheircountriesoforigin."Inmost

countries,thenamesofcertainpopstarshavebecomefamiliartothe

membersofeveryhousehold,z/thestudysays.

TheUNstudyalsoblamesthemediaforitsdescriptionofcertain

drugissues—especiallytheuseofmarijuanaandissuesofliberalization

andlegalization—whichencourages,ratherthanprevents,drugabuse.

“Overthelastyears,wehaveseenhowdrugabuseisincreasingly

regardedasbeingacceptableorevenattractive,z,saysHamidGhodse,

presidentoftheBoard."Powerfulpressuregroupsrunpolitical

campaignsaimedatlegalizingcontrolleddrugs,“hesays.Ghodsealso

pointsoutthatallthesedevelopmentshavecreatedanenvironment

whichistolerantoforevenfavorabletodrugabuseandspoils

internationaldrugpreventioneffortscurrentlyunderway.

Thepresentstudy,focusesontheissueofdemandreductionand

preventionwithinanenvironmentthathasbecometolerantofdrug

abuse.TheBoardcallsongovernmentstodotheirlegalandmoralduties,

andtoactagainstthepro-drugmessagesoftheyouthculturetowhich

youngpeopleincreasinglyarebeingexposed.

46.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthortendtoagree

with?

A.Theuseofdrugsfornon-medicinalpurposesisanacceptablepart

ofaperson'slifestyle.

B.Thespreadingofpopmusicmaycausethedrugabusetogo

beyondcountryboundaries.

C.Noeffortshavebeenmadetopreventthespreadingofdrugabuse.

D.Thegovernmentshavenoabilitytoactagainstthepro-drug

messagesoftheyouthculture.

47.Theitalicizedphrase“underfire"(Para.1,Sentence1)means

A.inanurgentsituation

B.facingsomeproblems

C.beingcriticized

D.quitepopular

48.Undertheinfluenceofdrug-friendlypopmusic,whatmightthe

youththinkofthedeathofsomepopstarscausedbyoverdose?

A.Theytendtomournthepopstarsasrolemodels.

B.Theyareshockedtoknowevenpopstarsmayabusedrugs.

C.Theytrytoconfrontthedeadlyeffectof“recreational“druguse.

D.Theymaystopabusingthedrugs.

49.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedinthepassageasafactor

thathascontributedtocreatinganenvironmenttolerantoforeven

favorabletodrugabuse?

A.Thespreadingofpopmusic.

B.Themedia.

C.Politicalcampaignsrunbypowerfulpressuregroups.

D.Thelowpriceofsomedrugs