國家急需的技工的流失。這些技術人員完全可以在他們的大學任教，或在他們的醫(yī)院工作，或者為他們的工廠研發(fā)出智能化的新產(chǎn)品。

2014年

大多數(shù)人把樂觀主義定義為無休止的歡樂，總看到里還有半杯水。但積極的心理學家認為這種快樂只是一種假象，并不推崇。大學教授泰爾.本.沙哈爾這樣說道，“健康的樂觀主義是緊密聯(lián)系實際的”。他認為，現(xiàn)實的樂觀主義者是盡最大努力把事情做好的人，而不是認為萬事都會變好的人。

本.沙哈爾使用三個步驟訓練自己變得樂觀。當他心情低落時，比如剛剛做完一場糟糕的講座，他會安慰自己人非圣賢。他會提醒自己，并不是每一場講座都會拿到獎；總會有些講座效果比其他講座差些。第二步是重塑。他會分析那些效果不佳的講座，從中吸取經(jīng)驗教訓，知道在以后的中應該做什么，避免做什么。最后，要擁有這樣一種觀點，即承認在人生的宏偉規(guī)劃中，一次真的是微不足道的。

SectionThree 完形部分

2014年

Asmanypeoplehitmiddleage,theyoftenstarttonoticethattheirmemoryandmentalclarityarenotwhattheyusedtobe.Wesuddenlycan’tremember1weputthekeysjustamomentago,oranoldacquaintance’sname,orthenameofanoldbandweusedtolove.Asthebrain2,werefertotheseoccurrencesas“seniormoments.”3seeminglyinnocent,thislossofmentalfocuscanpotentiallyhavea(n)4impactonourprofessional,social,and al5.

Neuroscientists,expertswhostudythenervoussystem,arereasinglyshowingthatthere’sactuallyalotthatcanbedone.It6outthatthebrainneederciseinmuchthesamewayourmusclesdo,andtherightmental7cansignificantlyimproveourbasiccognitive

8.Thinkingisessentiallya9ofmakingconnectionsinthebrain.Toacertainextent,ourabilityto10inmakingtheconnectionsthatdriveinligenceisinherited.11,becausetheseconnectionsaremadethrougheffortandpractice,scientistsbelievethatinligencecanexpandandfluctuate12mentaleffort.

Now,anewWeb-based hastakenitastep13anddevelopedthefirst“braintrainingprogram”designedtoactuallyhelppeopleimproveandregaintheirmental14.

TheWeb-basedprogram15youtosystematicallyimproveyourmemoryandattentionskills.Theprogramkeeps16ofyourprogressandprovidesdetailedfeedback

17yourperformanceandimprovement.Mostimportantly,it 18modifiesandenhancesthegamesyouyto19onthestrengthsyouaredevelo—muchlikea(n)

20exerciseroutinerequiresyoutoreaseandvaryyourmuscleuse.

1.[A]where

[B]when

[C]that

[D]why

2.[A]improves

[B]fades

[C]recovers

[D]collapses

3.[A]If

[B]Unless

[C]Once

[D]While

4.[A]uneven

[B]limited

[C]damaging

[D]obscure

5.[A]wellbeing

[B]environment

[C]relationship

[D]outlook

6.[A]turns

[B]finds

[C]points

[D]figures

7.[A]roundabouts

[B]responses

[C]workouts

[D]associations

8.[A]genre

[B]functions

[C]circumstances

[D]]criterion

9.[A]channel

[B]condition

[C]sequence

[D]process

10.[A]persist

[B]believe

[C]excel

[D]feature

11.[A]Therefore

[B]Moreover

[C]Otherwise

[D]However

12.[A]accordingto

[B]regardlessof

[C]apartfrom

[D]insteadof

13.[A]back

[B]further

[C]aside

[D]around

14.[A]sharpness

[B]stability

[C]framework

[D]flexibility

15.[A]s

[B]reminds

[C]hurries

[D]allows

16.[A]hold

[B]track

[C]order

[D]pace

17.[A]to

[B]with

[C]for

[D]on

18.[A]irregularly

[B]habitually

[C]constantly

[D]unusually

19.[A]carry

[B]put

[C]build

[D]take

20.[A]risky

[B]effective

[C]idle

[D]familiar

2014年

Thinnerisn’talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave1thatnormal-weightpeopleareinfactathigherriskofsomediseasescomparedtothosewhoareoverweight.Andtherearehealthconditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactually2.Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikelytodevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen.3,amongtheelderly,beingsomewhatoverweightisoftenan4ofgoodhealth.

Ofevengreater5isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefine.Itisoftendefined6bodymassindex,orBMI.BMI7bodymassdividedbythesquareofheight.AnadultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideredtobenormalweight.Between25and

30isoverweight.Andover30isconsideredobese.Obesity,8,canbedividedintomoderayobese,severelyobese,andveryseverelyobese.

Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem 9,theyarenot.Obesityisprobablylessamatterofweightthanbodyfat.SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfactextremelyfit, 10 otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor 11.Forexample,manycollegiateandprofessionalfootballyers 12 asobese,thoughtheirpercentagebodyfatislow.Conversely,someonewitha

smallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta13BMI.

Todaywehavea(n)14tolabelobesityasadisgrace.Theoverweightaresometimes

15inthemediawiththeirfacescovered.Stereotypes16withobesityludelaziness,lackofwillpower,andlowerprospectsforsuccess.Teachers,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiasestheobese.17veryyoungchildrentendtolook

downontheoverweight,andteasingaboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.

Negativeattitudestowardobesity,18inhealthconcerns,havestimulatedanumberofanti-obesity19.Myownhospitalsystemhasbannedsugarydrinksfromitsfacilities.Manyemployershaveinstitutedweightlossandfitnessinitiatives.MiceObamahaslaunchedahigh-visibilityn20childhoodobesity,evenclaimingthatitrepresentsourgreatestnationalsecuritythreat.

1.[A]denied

[B]concluded

[C]doubted

[D]ensured

2.[A]protective

[B]dangerous

[C]sufficient

[D]troublesome

3.[A]Instead

[B]However

[C]Likewise

[D]Therefore

4.[A]indicator

[B]objective

[C]origin

[D]example

5.[A]impact

[B]relevance

[C]assistance

[D]concern

6.[A]intermsof

[B] aseof

[C]infavorof

[D]inrespectsof

7.[A]measures

[B]determines

[C]equals

[D]modifies

8.[A]inessence

[B] ontrast

[C]inturn

[D]inpart

9.[A]c