北京旅游景點(diǎn)英文導(dǎo)游詞范文北京頤和園英語導(dǎo)游詞范文

GoodmorningLadiesandGentlemen:

Mynameisxx.Imveryhonoredtobeyoureguide.Idohopeallofyoucouldlikemyguidingandenjoyeverythingonyourpleasantday.ThismorningwearegoingtovisittheSummerPalace.TheSummerPalaceislocatedonthenorthwestsuburbsofBeijing,about20kilometersawayfromthecenterofthecity.Soitwilltakeusabout1hourtogetthere.BeforewearrivedattheSummerPalace,Iwouldliketointroduceyouabriefintroductionofthewoderfulimperialgarden.TheSummerPalaceisthemostbeautifulandthelargestimperialgardenexistinginChinan,anditisthebest-preservedimperialgardenintheworld.In1998,itwasplacedontheListofWorldCulturalHeritagebytheUNESCO.

TheSummerPalacewasfirstbuiltasanimperialgardenatthebeginningof12thcenturyintheJinDynasty.TheconstructioncontinuedtotheYuanandMingdynasties.IntheQingDynasty,thebuildingofimperialgardensreacheditsculmination.DuringEmperorQianlongsreign,thefamousThreeHillsandFiveGardenswerebuiltonthenorthwestsuburbsofBeijing.TheSummerPalacewasapartofitandatthattimewascalledtheGardenofClearRipples.In1860,theAnglo-FrenchAlliedForcesinvadedBeijing.TheThreeHillsandFiveGardenswereburntdowntoashes.

In1888,theEmpressDowagerCixispentthenavyfundhavingtheGardenofClearRipplesrebuilt.AndthensherenamedittheGardenofNurturedHarmony(SummerPalace).

In1900,theAlliedForcesofEightPowersinvadedBeijing.TheSummerPalacewasonceagainseverelydamaged.Itwasrebuiltagainin1902.

In1924,theLastEmperorPuyiwasdrivenoutofthepalace,afterthat,theSummerPalacewasturnedintoapublicpark.

LadiesandGentlemen,pleaselookoverthere,infrontofusisanarchway.Itiscalled"Emptinessandthecollectionofexcellence',anditisthefirstsceneryoftheSummerPalace.ThetwoChinesewordsonthefrontsideofthearchwaymeanemptinessandrefertoeverythinginnatureandinthescenery.ThetwowordsonthebacksidemeanCollectionofExcellenceandrefertothetranquilityofthebeautifulsceneryjustwithinthegarden.

(outsidetheEastPalaceGate)

Now,wehavearrivedattheEastPalaceGate.ItsthemainentranceoftheSummerPalace.OntopofthegatethereisaplaquewiththreeChinesecharactersTheSummerPalaceinEmperorGuangxushandwriting.Thegatethatwearenowenteringwasusedbytheemperor,theempressonlyintheolddays.

(InsidetheEastPalaceGate)

NowweareinsidetheSummerPalace.InfrontofusisthesecondgateoftheSummerPalacetheGateofBenevolenceandLongevity.TheannexhallsonbothsideswereusedforofficialsondutyandtheofficesofthePrivyCouncil.Well,Beforewestartourtourinthegarden,IwillbrieflyintroduceyouthelayoutoftheSummerPalaceandourtourroute.O.K.,ladiesandgentlemen,mayIhaveyourattentionplease?Letslookatthemaptogether,FromitwecanseetheSummerPalacecoversanareaof290hectares,whichthelakeoccupiesthethree-fourths.Thewholegardencanbedivideintothreeparts:theareawasforpoliticalactivities,restingplacesoftheemperorandempress,andsightseeingareas.Ourtourwillstartfromtheareaofthepoliticalactivities,andendofftheMarbleBoat.Ontheway,wewillvisitthemainconstructionsoftheSummerPalace,suchastheHallofJadeRipples,theHallofHappinessandLongevity,theLongCorridor,theHallofDispellingCloudsandsoon.ItwilltakeusabouttwohourstovisittheSummerPalace.Pleaseattention,wewontwalkbackandourdriverwillpickusupattheNorthGate.Shouldyougetlostorseparatedfromthegroup,pleasemeetusattheNorthGate.

Ok,everyone,letsstartourtourfromtheemperorsofficetheHallofBenevolenceandLongevity.Followmeplease.

(InsidethecourtyardoftheBenevolenceandLongevity)

PassingthroughtheGateofBenevolenceandLongevity,wehavealreadyenteredthecourtyardoftheHallofBenevolenceandLongevity.ThehugerockinfrontofusisTaihuRock.ItwasquarriedfromTaihuLakeinJiangsuProvince,soitwasknownasTaihuRock.Pleaselookaroundthecourtyardandyoucanseetherearefourgrotesqueshapedrocksplacedineachcornerofthiscourtyard,representingthefourseasonsoftheyear.TheTaihuRocksareusuallyusedasdecorationforbeautifyinggardensandtheyarethin,crease,leakandpenetrationincharacters.

ThebronzemythicalanimalbehindtheTaihuRockisknownasSuanniorsomepeoplecallitQilin.AccordingtoancientChinesemythology,thedragonhadninesons,butnoneofthembecamearealdragon.Suanniwasoneoftheninesonsofthedragon.Itwasanauspiciousanimalthatcouldavoidevilspiritsinancientlengeds.Suannihastheheadofdragon,theantlersofdear,thehoovesofoxandthetailoflion.

(InfrontoftheHallofBenevolenceandLongevity)

ThisgrandhallistheHallofBenevolenceandLongevity.Itwasfirstbuiltin1750.ThenameofthishalltakenfromabookentitledLunYubyConfuciusdoctrinemeans,"thosewhoarebenevolentcanenjoyalonglife.'ThishallwastheplacewhereEmperorGuangxuandEmpressDowagerCixiheldaudienceandhandledstateaffairswhentheywereintheSummerPalace.Forprotectingthehistoricalculturalrelic,wecouldntenterthehall.SoIwouldliketobrieflyintroduceyouthedecorationsintheHallofBenevolenceandLongevity.Thearrangementofthehallhasbeenleftuntouched.Inthemiddleofthehallstandsanemperorsthronecarvedwithninedragonsondesign.Therearetwobigfansonbothsidesbehindthethronewhicharemadeofpeacockfeathers.Behindthethronethereisabigscreenwithredsandalwoodframeandglassmirrorinlaid.Onthemirrorthereare226ChinesecharactersofthewordLongevitywrittenindifferentstyles.TherearetwoscrollsoneachsideofthewallwithabigChinesecharacterLongevitywrittenonit.ItwassaidthatthewordLongevitywrittenbyEmpressDowagerCixi.Thereare100batspaintedatthebackgroundofthescrollsymbolizinghappiness.

Well,pleaselookupthetwopairsofincenseburnersintheshapeofadragonandaphoenixinfrontofthehall.Theywereusedtoburnincensestickstocreatetheappropriateatmosphere.Intheolddays,thedragonandphoenixwerethesymboloftheemperorandempress.Accordingtoritual,thedragonsshouldbeplacedinthecenterwhilephoenixesweretoeithersideinfrontofthehall.However,here,thedragonsareofftothesidesandthephoenixesareinthemiddle.ThiswasaproductoftheendofQingDynastywhenEmpressDowagerCixihandledstateaffairsbehindthescreen.

(AttheentranceofGardenofvirtuourHarmony)

WearenowvisitingtheGardenofVirtuousHarmony,whereEmperorQianlongandEmpressDowagerCixiwereentertainedwithBejingOperaperformances.ItmainlyconsistsoftheDressingHouse,theGrandTheaterBuildingandtheHallofPleasureSmile.TheGrandTheaterBuildingwasknownastheCradleofBeijingOperawasuniquelylaidoutandmagnificentlydecorated.Thereare7exhibitionhallswitharticlesofdailyuseondisplayhere.

(InfrontoftheGrandTheaterBuilding)

ThisistheGrandTheaterBuilding.OfthethreemaintheaterbuildingsoftheQingDynasty,theGrandTheaterBuildingisthetallestandlargestone.TheothertwoareChangyinPavilionintheForbiddenCityandQingyinPavilionintheMountainResortinChengde.TheGrandTheaterBuilding,athree-storiedstructure,hasadoubleroofwithupturnedeaves.Itis21metershighand17meterswide.Performancescouldbestagedsimultaneouslyonthreelevels.Thetoponewasasymbolofhappiness,themiddlelevelwasemolumentlevelandthebottomstagewasnamedlongevitystage.Eachlevelhastheentranceandtheexit.Therearesometrapdoorsintheceilingandbelowthefloorforcelestialbeingtoflydownfromtheskyandthedevilstoappearfromtheearthtosetoffacertainatmosphereonthestage.Thereisalsoawellandfivepondsbuiltunderthestageforagoodeffectofwaterscenes.Thestageisopentothreesides.

Well,pleaselookattheconstructionthatstandsrightoppositetheGrandTheaterBuilding,itstheHallofPleasureSmile.TheEmpressDowagerCixiusedbositinsidethehalltowatchandenjoythePekingOpera.

(AlakesidewalkfromtheGardenofvirtuousHarmonytotheHallofJadeRipples)

WearenowstandinginthemiddleofarockerybehindtheHallofBenevolenceandLongevity.Itappearsthattheresnothingspecialahead.However,afterwecleartherockery,wewillreachKunmingLake.ThisisanapplicationofaspecificstyleofChinese

gardening.

Now,wearewalkingalongthebankoftheKunmingLake.Lookoverthere,notfarawayinthelakethereisanislet.ItscalledtheSpringHeraldingIslet.ThepavilionontheisletiscalledtheSpringHeraldingPavilion.Anumberofwillowtreesandpeachtreeswereplantedonthisislet.Inearlyspring,whentheicebeginstomelt,peachtreesareredinpinkblossoms,willowtreesturnatendergreensignalingthattheearlyspringhasreturned.HencethenameHeraldingSpingPavilion.

(InfrontoftheHallofJadeRipples)

ThisgroupofspecialandquietcourtyarddwellingsistheHallofJadeRipples.Thewords"JadeRipples'camefromaverse"GentleripplesgushingoutofJadeSpring',whichreferstotheripplingwaterinthelake.ItwasfirstusedbyEmperorQianlongtoattendtostateaffairs.InthelateQingDynasty,itwaswhereEmperorGuangxuwasputunderhousearrest.

ThishallisahallmarkoftheMovementof1898.EmperorGuangxuwasEmperorDowagerCixisnephew.AfterEmperorTongzhidied,EmperorDowagerCiximadehernephew,whowasatthattimefouryearsoldasuccessorinordertocontinueherholdonimperialpower.Shehandledstateaffairsbehindthescreen.AfterEmperorGuangxumanagedstateaffairspersonallyattheageof19,apoliticalconflictoccurredbetweentheconservativesandthereformers.In1898,theReformMovementtookplacewiththeaimofsustainingthecoreprinciplesoftheQingDynastywhilereformingoutdatedlaws.Themovementlastedfor103daysuntilitwassuppressedbyEmpressDowagerCixi.ItwascalledtheHundred-DayReform.Afterthereformfailed,EmperorGuangxuwasputunderhousearresthere.Forthestrictcontrolofhim,EmpressDowagerCixiorderedtobuildmanybrickwallsinthefront,back,andontherightandleftoftheHallofJadeRipples.Atthattimethehallwasentirelysealedup,justlikeaprison.Todayonlythehiddenwallsintheeastandwestannexroomstillmaintainitsoriginalappearance.Itisopentovisitorsastherelicrelatedtothe1898ReformMovement.

(InfrontoftheChamberofCollectingBooks)

ThisistheChamberofCollectingBooks.InChinese,itscalled"YiYunGuang'."Yun'wasakindoffragrantweed.Inancienttimes,itwasusuallyusedastermiterepellentinroomswherebookswerestored.IntheEmperorQianlongsreign,thepurposeofthehallwasforcollectingbooks.Lateritwasconvertedintoaresidence.ThereusedtobetheresidenceofGuangxusEmpressLongyu,andhisfavoriteconcubineZhenfei.

(IntheHallofHappinessandLongevity)

ThisgroupofcourtyardistheHallofHappinessandLongevity.ItwasthemajorarchitecturalstructureinthelivingquartersandtheresidenceofEmpressDowagerCixi.Thewholecompoundwasbasicallymadeofwood,whichisidealforventilationandlighting.Withitsquietandtastefullayout,theHallofHappinessandLongevitymadelifeveryeasyandconvenient.InfrontoftheHallofHappinessandLongevitythereisahugerockplacedinthemiddleofthiscourtyardnamed"QingZhiXiu'andnicknamedas"FamilyBankruptcyRock'.ThishugerockwasdiscoveredinFangshanDistrictbyaMingofficialMiWanzhong.Hewantedtotransportittohisowngarden"Shaoyuan'.Intheolddays,transportingsuchrockwasverydifficult.Afterspendingallhismoneytoshipit,hestillcouldnotsucceedindoingthis.ThebigrockwasthenleftontheroadsidesomewherenearLiangxiangCounty,30kilometerssouthwestofBeijing.Henceitwasnicknamed"FamilyBancruptcyRock'.LaterEmperorQianlongdiscovereditandtransportedtotheGardenofClearRipplesandlaidinfrontoftheHallofHappinessandLongevity.ThecolorfulglasschandeliershanginginsidethehallwasintroducedfromGermanyin1903.ItisoneoftheearliestelectriclightsinChina.

(InfrontoftheGateofInvitingtheMoonoftheLongCorridor)

LadiesandGentlemen,youmayhavevisitedsomeofthebestmuseumsintheworld,suchastheLouvreinFranceandtheMuseumofGreatBritain.NowIwillshowyouaspecialgalleryinthepalacetheLongCorridor.In1990,theLongCorridorwaslistedintheGuinnessBookofWorldRecordsasthelongestpaintedcorridorintheworld.ItwouldbeapityifweleavetheSummerPalacewithoutvisitingtheLongCorridorandtheMarbleBoat.Now,herewego,theLongCorridorfirst!

(StrollingalongtheLongCorridor)

TheLongCorridorstartsfromtheGateInvitingtheMoontotheShizhangGate.Itis728meterslongandconsistsof273sections.TheLongcorridorisoneofthemajorstructuresoftheSummerPalace.SincethecorridorwasdesignedtofollowthephysicalfeaturesofthesouthernslopeofLongevityHill,fourmultiple-eaved,octagonalpavilions(RetainingtheGoodnessPavilion,LivingwiththeRipplesPavilion,AutumnWaterPavilion,ClearandFarPavilion)wereplacedatbendsandundulation,theyrepresentfourseaonsofayear.Thusvisitorswillhardlynoticetheriseandfalloftheterrain.AsamajorpartofthearchitecturalstyleoftheSummerPalace,theLongCorridorservesasaningeniousconnectorbetweentheLakeandtheHill.Scatteredbuildingsonthesouthernslopewerelinkedtocreateaunifiedcomplex.

TheLongCorridoristhelongestcoveredverandainanyChinesegarden.Onthepurlinsandbeamsofthecoveredveranda,thereareover14,000Suzhoustylepaintings.Amongthem,thereare546colorpaintingsrelatingtothescenesofWestLakeinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince.Besidethecolorfulpaintingsofnaturalscenery,therearealsoscenesofflowers,birds,fish,insects,mythologyandfigures.ThepaintingsoffiguresaremainlyadaptedfromancientChineseclassicalliterature,suchasPilgrimagetotheWest,TheRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms,ThewesternChamber,"WaterMargin,andTheDreamoftheRedMansion.

(InfrontoftheGateofDispellingClouds)

Nowweareapproachingthecentralpartofthestructuresonthelakesideslope,theTowerofBuddhistIncensewithintheHallofDispellingClouds.ThecentralaxislinestartsfromthewharfnexttothelaketotheSeaofWisdomontopoftheHill.ThemainarchitecturalstructuresherearetheGateofDispellingClouds,HallofDispellingclouds,TowerofBuddhistIncenseandtheSeaofWisdom,whichaltogetherformasplendidthree-dimensionallandscape.ThelayoutofthisgroupofarchitectureswasbasedonscenesdescribedinBuddhistsutras.ThisgroupofstructuresareamongthemostmagnificentlyconstructedhereintheSummerPalace.Thisisagoodplacetotakingphotos,wewillstayhereforabout15minutes.

NowwearewalkingcontinuelyalongtheLongCorridor,thenextscenewearegoingtovisitisMarbleBoat.

Lookoverthere!HalfwayuptheslopetherestandstheHallofListeningtoOrioles.Itwastheplaceforemperorandempresstoenjoyoperaandcourtmusic.Itissaidthesingingoforiolesisverypleasing.BeforetheGardenofVirtuousHarmonywasbuilt,EmpressDowagerCixienjoyedoperaandmusichere.NowthehallisoneofthemostfamousrestaurantsinChina,featuringimperialdishesanddesserts.

ThisisthefamousMarbleBoat.AfamousscientistofChinasEasternHanDynastyoncesaid,"Watercanfloattheboat,butitcanalsotipitover.'AprimeministerofTangDynastyWeiZhengonceusedthesewordstopersuadeLiShimin,theemperoroftheTangDynasty.Hesaidpeoplearewaterandtheemperoristheboat.Peoplecansupportagoodemperor.However,theyalsocanoverthrowthedynasty.EmperorQianlongbuiltthishugeboatintheGardeninordertomaketheallusionconcrete.Ononehand,EmperorQianlongencouragedhimselftorunthecountrywell.Ontheotherhand,hewantedtoshowthathisruleoftheQingDynastywasasfirmastheMarbleBoatandtherewasnofearofoverturningtheboat.TheMarbleBoatwastheplaceforEmperorQianlongtosampleteaandenjoythesceneryofKunmingLake.EmperorQianlongoncecameheretoengageinthefreeingofcaptiveanimals.InthetimesofQianlong,theMarbleBoatwasaChinesestyledstoneboatwithaChinesestylewoodensuperstructureonthetopofit.WhenitwasrebuiltinthetimesofGuangxu,aforeignandChineseelementsmixedresultingintwowheelstobeaddedtotheboat,oneoneachside.Thefloorwaspavedwithcoloredbricks.Allofthewindowswereinlaidwithmultiple-coloredglass.Abigmirrorwasinstalledonthesuperstructureforviewingrain.

OurtourisdrawingtoacloseafterwevisitedtheMarbleBoat.TodayweonlyvisitedthemajorscenicspotsoftheSummerPalace.Ihaveleftotherspotsofinterestforyournextvisit.IwillnowshowyououtthroughtheRuyiGate.Ourcoachiswaitingforusoutsidethegate.Idohopeyouenjoyedtodaystour.Thankyou.

北京天安門英語導(dǎo)游詞

Tiananmen(theGateofHeavenlyPeace),islocatedinthecenterofBeijing.Itwasfirstbuiltin1417andnamedChengtianmen(theGateofHeavenlySuccession).AttheendoftheMingDynasty,itwasseriouslydamagedbywar.WhenitwasrebuiltundertheQingin1651,itwasrenamedTiananmen,andservedasthemainentrancetotheImperialCity,theadministrativeandresidentialquartersforcourtofficialsandretainers.ThesouthernsectionsoftheImperialCitywallstillstandonbothsidesoftheGate.Thetoweratthetopofthegateisnine-roomwideandfiveroomdeep.AccordingtotheBookofChanges,thetwonumbersnineandfive,whencombined,symbolizethesupremestatusofasovereign.

DuringtheMingandQingdynasties,Tiananmenwastheplacewherestateceremoniestookplace.Themostimportantoneofthemwastheissuingofimperialedicts,whichfollowedthesesteps:

1)TheMinisterofRiteswouldreceivetheedictinTaihedian(HallofSupremeHarmony),wheretheEmperorwasholdinghiscourt.Theministerwouldthencarrythedecreeonayunpan(trayofcloud),andwithdrawfromthehallviaTaihemen(GateofsupremeHarmony)

2)TheMinisterwouldputthetrayinaminiaturelongting(dragonpavilion).BeneathayellowumbrellaandcarryitviaWumen(MeridianGate),toTiananmenGatetower.

3)Acourtierwouldbeinvestedtoproclaimtheedict.Thecivilandmilitaryofficialsliningbothsidesofthegatewaybeneaththetowerwouldprostratethemselvesinthedirectionoftheemperorinwaitingforthedecreetotheproclaimed.

4)Thecourtierwouldthenputtheedictinaphoenix-shapedwoodenboxandloweritfromthetowerbymeansofasilkcord.ThedocumentwouldfinallybecarriedinasimilartrayofcloudunderayellowumbrellatotheMinistryofRites.

5)Theedict,copiedonyellowpaper,wouldbemadeknowntothewholecountry.

Suchaprocesswashistoricallyrecordedas"ImperialEdictIssuedbyGoldenPhoenix'.

DuringtheMingandQingdynastiesTiananmenwasthemostimportantpassage.ItwasthisgatethattheEmperorandhisretinuewouldgothroughontheirwaytothealtarsforritualandreligiousactivities.

OntheWestsideofTiananmenstandsZhongshanPark(Dr.SunYat-sensPark),andontheeastside,theWorkingPeoplesCulturalPalave.TheParkwasformerlycalledShejitan(AltarofLandandGrain),builtin1420forofferingsacrificialitemstotheGodofLand.Itwasopenedtothepublicasaparkin1914anditsnamewaschangedin1928tothepresentoneinmemoryofthegreatpioneeroftheChineseDemocraticRevolution.

TheWorkingPeoplesCulturalPalaceusedtobeTaimiao(theSupremeAncestralTemple),wheretabletsofthedeceaseddynasticrulerswerekept.

ThestreaminfrontofTiananmeniscalledWaijinshuihe(OuterGoldenRiver),withsevenmarblebridgesspanningoverit.Ofthesesevenbridges,historicalrecordssaythemiddleonewasfortheexclusiveuseoftheemperorandwasaccordinglycalledYuluqiao(ImperialBridge).ThebridgesflankingitoneithersideweremeantforthemembersoftheroyalfamilyandwerethereforecalledWanggongqiao(RoyalsBridges).FartherawayoneachsideofthetwowerebridgesforofficialsrankingabovethethirdorderandwerenamedPinjiqiao(ministerialBridges).TheremainingtwobridgeswerefortheusebytheretinuebelowthethirdorderandwrecalledGongshengqiao(commonBridges).TheyanrtheoneinfrontoftheSupremeAncestralTempletotheeastandtheoneinfrontoftheAltaroflandandGraintothewest.

ThetwostonelionsbytheGateofTiananmen,oneoneachsideweremeantassentries.Theygazetowardthemiddleaxis,guardingtheemperorswalkway.InfrontofthegatestandsapairofmarblecolumnscalledHuabiao.Theyareelaboratelycutinbas-relieffollowingthepatternofalegendarydragon.Behindthegatestandsanotherpairofsimilarcolumns.ThestoryofHuabiaomaybetracedtoacoupleofsources.OneoftheversionsaccreditsitsinventiontooneoftheChinesesagekingsnamedYao,whowassaidtohavesetupawoodenpillarinordertoallowtheordinarypeopletoexposeevil-doers,henceitwasoriginallycalledaslanderpillar.Lateritwsreducedtoasignpost,andnowitservesasanornament.

Thebeastsittingonthetopofthecolumniscalled'hou',alegendaryanimal,whichissaidtohavebeenawatcherofanemperorsbehaviour.Hewasdoingsuchdutiesaswarningtheemperoragainststayingtoolongoutsidethepalaceorindulginginpleasureandurginghimtogotothepeoplefortheircomplaintsorreturninduetime.Therefore,thetwopairsofbeastsweregiventhenames'Wangjunhui'(Expectingtheemperorscomingback)and"wangjunchu'(Expectingtheemperorsgoingout)respectinvely.

Intheolddays,Tiananmen,asapartoftheImperialCity,wasmeantforimportantoccasions.Thetworowsofchaofang(antechamber),onthesidesbehindthemaingate,wrereservedforcivilandmilitarymembersofthegovernmentwaitingforimperialaudienceandinfrontofthegate,wereofficesofimperialadministration.

OnOctober1,1949,chairmanMaoZedongproclaimedonTiananmenRostrumthefoundingofthePeoplesRepublicofChina.SincethenTiananmenhasbeenthesymbolofNewChine\a.ChairmanMaosportraitishungabovethecentralentrance,flankedbytwoslogans:'LongLivetheGreatUnityofthePeoplesoftheWorld'.Today,thesplendourofTiananmenattractsmillionofvisitorsfromallovertheworld.TheRostrumonitstopwasopenedin1988tothepublicforthefirsttimeinitshistory.ItoffersapanoramicviewoftheSquareandthecityproper.

TiananmenSquare

SituatedduesouthofTiananmen,theSquarehasanareaof44hectares(109acres)thatcanaccommodateasmanyasonemillionpeopleforpublicgatherings.IthaswitnessedmayhistoricaleventsinChinasmodernhistoryandisaplaceforcelebrationsonsuchfestivedaysasinternationalLabourDayonMay1standnationalDayonOctober1st.

AroundtheSquareareseveralfamousbuildings:

1TheGreatHallofthePeople

Thisisoneofthelargestcongressionalbuildingsintheworld.Builtin1959,thehallconsistsofthreeparts:a10,000-seatauditoriuminthecenter,abanquethallinthenorthwingfacingChanganStreet,withaseatingcapacityof5,000,andofficesfortheStandingCommitteeoftheNationalPeoplesCongressofChinainthesouth.Inaddition,thirty-fourreceptionchambersarenamedaftervariousprovinces,autonomousregionsandmunicipalitiesdirectlyundetheCentralGovernment,plusHongKongandMacao.Eachisdifferentfromtheotherindecorationandfurnishingstostresstheirlocalfeatures.

2TheMuseumofChineseHistoryandtheMuseumoftheChineseRevolution

Thesetwomuseumswerealsobuiltin1959.themuseumofChineseHistoryhousesapermanentexhibitioninfourparts,coveringtheentireprocessofChinesehistoryspanningfrom1.7millionyearsagoto1919:

1)ThePrimitiveSociety(1.7millionyearsagotothe21stcenturyBC);

2)TheSlaveSociety(21stcenturyBCto476BC.);

3)TheFeudalSociety(475BC.To1840AD.);

4)TheSemi-ColonialandSemi-FedualSociety(1840to1919.)

TheMuseumoftheChineseRevolutioncoverstheperiodfrom1919to1949.

3TheMonumenttothePeoplesHeroes

themonumentwasbuiltinmemoryofthousandsofmartyrswhodiedfortherevolutionarycauseoftheChinesepeople.ItsconstructionbeganonAugust1,1952andwasnotcompleteduntil1958.intheformofanobelisk,theMonumentasmadeofmorethan17,000piecesoftraniteandwhitemarble.ThepurplepieceinlaidinthefrontoftheMonumentwasbroughtfromQingdao,ShandongProvince.Itis38meters(124ft8in)high,theloftiestofitskindeverseeninthecountry.Notonlyisitanhistoricmemorialforimmortalheroes,butalsoitisanartisticworkofexcellentarchitecturalvalue.

OnthefrontsideoftheMonumentisanengravedinscriptioninChinesecharacterswrittenbyChairmanMaoZedong,whichreads'EternalGlorytothePeoplesHeroes!'.OnthebackoftheMonumentisanarticlewrittenbyChairmanMao,butinChinesecalligraphybythelatePremierZhouEnlai.

AtthetopoftheMonumentareeightgiganticcarvedwreathesofsuchflowersaspeony,lotusandchrysanthemum,symbolizingnobility,purity,andfortitude.AtthebaseofthemonumentareeightmarblereliefsdepictingtheChinesehistoriceventssince1840.Theyare:

1)TheBurningofOpiumin1840:

2)Theuprisingof1851inJintian,Guangxi;

3)TheRevolutionof1911;

4)TheMayFourthMovementof1919;

5)TheMay30thMovementof1925;

6)TheUprisingof1927inNancha