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Unit1GreatscientistsⅠ.閱讀理解A(2016·青島市二模)導學號42492471ScientistsinvestigatedwhyEbolavirusissodeadlywhenitspreadsfromanimalstohumansandthenfromhuman-to-humancontact.TheresearchteamlookedattheZaireEbolavirusinananimalsystemtounderstandhowitgainsstrength.ThisvirusisresponsibleforthecurrentoutbreakinWestAfrica.Theyfoundthatinitiallytheanimalsystemswerenotaffectedbythevirus,butsucceedingtransmission(傳遞)intootheranimalscausedthevirusto“hotup”andbecomemoresevere.Theteamanalyzedthevirusesatdifferentstagesandwereabletoidentifyseveralchangesinitsgeneticmaterialthatwereassociatedwithincreaseddisease.ProfessorJulianHiscox,wholedthestudyfromtheUniversity'sInstituteofInfectionandGlobalHealth,explains:“TheworktellsusthattheevolutionarygoalofEbolavirusistobecomemorefatal.”“Wewereabletoshowthroughgeneticanalysiswhichpartsofthevirusareinvolvedinthisprocess.Theinformationwehavegatheredwillnowallowustomonitorforsuchchangesinanoutbreakaswellasdevelopfuturetreatmentstrategies.”ProfessorRogerHewson,leadingthestudyfromPublicHealthEngland,PortonDown,said:“EbolavirusissuchadestructiveinfectiontothepeopleaffectedbythediseaseandtheeconomyofWestAfrica.”“OurunderstandingofEbolavirusbiologyiswaybehindthatofothervirusesandourcooperationshowshowwecanbringtogetherourspecialists'skillstoclosethisknowledgegap.”ProfessorMilesCarroll,aco-authorofthework,said:“ThisstudyhasallowedtheteamtobeattheforefrontofdevelopingmethodologiestoanalyzepatientsamplesrecentlytakenbytheEuropeanMobileLaboratoryfromWestAfricatounderstanddiseaseevolutionduringthecurrentoutbreak.文章粗心:本文是醫(yī)療科研報告。文章主要敘述了對于埃博拉病毒的研究進展狀況,該病毒與什么相關(guān)系,該怎樣控制該病的疫情。1.Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlytellus?__C__A.HowsevereEbolavirusis.B.HowEbolavirusspreads.C.HowEbolavirusgraduallybecomesdeadly.D.WhatcontributionsscientistshavemadeonEbolavirus.分析:要旨粗心題。A項埃博拉病毒有多嚴重;B項埃博拉病毒是怎樣流傳的;C項埃博拉病毒是怎樣變得致命的;D項科學家們?yōu)榘2├《咀龀隽耸裁礃拥呢暙I。依據(jù)題干重點詞thefirstparagraph。通讀第一段,并依據(jù)第一句話ScientistsinvestigatedwhyEbolavirusissodeadlywhenitspreadsfromanimalstohumansandthenfromhuman-to-humancontact可知該段的粗心是埃博拉病毒是怎樣漸漸變得致命的。應選C。2.Whichofthefollowingstatementsismentionedinthepassage?__B__A.Inthefirststage,thevirushurtsitsvictimsmuch.B.Asthevirusspreads,it'llchangeandbecomemoreandmoredeadly.C.TheresearchinEbolavirusismoreadvancedthanthatinotherviruses.D.ThescientistshaveanegativeattitudetotheresearchinEbolavirus.分析:推理判斷題。依據(jù)文章第一段的Theyfoundthatinitiallytheanimalsystemswerenotaffectedbythevirus,butsucceedingtransmission(傳遞)intootheranimalscausedthevirusto“hotup”andbecomemoresevere中的重點詞initially可知A是錯誤的;依據(jù)文章的倒數(shù)第二段“OurunderstandingofEbolavirusbiologyiswaybehindthatofothervirusesandourcooperationshowshowwecanbringtogetherourspecialists'skillstoclosethisknowledgegap.”清除C;依據(jù)文章最后三段可清除D;依據(jù)文章第一段的最后一句話的后半句succeedingtransmission(傳遞)intootheranimalscausedthevirusto“hotup”andbecomemoresevere可知選B。3.Theunderlinedword“fatal”hastheclosestmeaningto__B__.A.optimisticB.deadlyC.commonD.fantastic分析:詞義猜想題。optimistic樂觀的;deadly致命的;common常有的;fantastic奇怪的。依據(jù)文章第四段的Theinformationwehavegatheredwillnowallowustomonitorforsuchchangesinanoutbreakaswellasdevelopfuturetreatmentstrategies和該段的theevolutionarygoalofEbolavirus可知埃博拉病毒變得更為致命。由此推測fatal是致命的。應選B。4.Wherecanweprobablyreadthispassage?__A__A.Inasciencereport.B.Inastorybook.C.Inanadvertisement.D.Inatextbook.分析:細節(jié)理解題。Inasciencereport在科技報告上;Inastorybook在故事書中;2Inanadvertisement在一個廣告中;Inatextbook在課本中。通讀全文,并依據(jù)文章介紹埃博拉病毒的研究進度判斷選A。B(2017·臨沂市一模)導學號42492472DrivethroughanysuburbintheU.S.today,andit'shardtomissthebinsthathavebecomecompanionstoAmerica'strashcans.Recyclinghasbecomecommonplace,aspeoplerecognizetheneedtocarefortheenvironment.Yetmostpeople'srecyclingconsciousnessextendsonlyasfaraspaper,bottles,andcans.Peopleseldomfindthemselvesfacingthegrowingproblemofe-waste.E-wasterapidlyincreasesasthetechno-fashionablefrequentlyupgradetothemostadvanceddevices,andthemajorityofthemendupinlandfills(垃圾填埋地).Somepeoplewhotracksuchwastesaythatusersthrowawaynearly2milliontonsofTVs,VCRs,computers,cellphones,andotherelectronicseveryyear.Unlesswecanfindasafereplacement,thise-wastemaygetintothegroundandpoisonthewaterwithdangeroustoxins(毒素),suchaslead,mercury,andarsenic.Burningthewastealsodangerouslycontaminatestheair.However,e-wasteoftencontainsreusablesilver,gold,andotherelectricalmaterials.Recyclingthesematerialsreducesenvironmentalproblemsbyreducingbothlandfillwasteandtheneedtolookforsuchmetals,whichcandestroyecosystems.Agrowingnumberofstateshaveadoptedlawstobandumping(傾倒)e-waste.Still,lessthanaquarterofthisrefusewillreachlawfulrecyclingprograms.Somecompaniesadvertisingsafedisposal(處理)infactmerelyshipthewastetosomedevelopingcountries,whereitstillendsupinlandfills.Theseorganizationspreventprogressbyunsafelydisposingofwasteinanout-of-sight,out-of-mindlocation.However,thesmallbutgrowingnumberofcitiesandcorporationsthatdohandlee-wasteresponsiblyrepresentsprogresstowardmakingtheworldacleaner,betterplaceforusall.文章粗心:電子垃圾問題應當惹起重視。5.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?__A__A.ManyAmericansnowhaveaccesstorecyclingbins.B.E-wastecannotbeputintotrashcansintheU.S.C.MostAmericanshaverealizedthedangersofe-waste.D.MostofAmerica'strashcansaremadeofrecycledmaterial.分析:推理判斷題。由第一段第一句話可推知,很多美國人。36.Whatcanbestreplacetheunderlinedword“contaminates”inParagraph2?__A__A.Pollutes.B.Heats.C.Absorbs.D.Reduces.分析:猜想詞義題。焚燒垃圾嚴重污染空氣。7.Howdoestheauthorfeelaboutburyinge-wasteinlandfills?__B__A.It'simportant.B.It'sunsafe.C.It'sacceptable.D.It'suncommon.分析:細節(jié)理解題。由第二段第三句話“Unlesswecanfindasafereplacementthise-wastemaygetintothegroundandpoisonthewater...”可推知,作者以為填埋電子垃圾是不安全的。8.What'stheauthor'spurposeinwritingthistext?__D__A.Totellushowtorecyclee-waste.B.Totalkaboutthefutureofe-waste.C.Todiscussifit'snecessarytorecyclee-waste.D.Toencourageustodealwithe-wasteproperly.分析:推理判斷題。由文章粗心可知。Ⅱ.語法填空導學號42492473閱讀以下短文,在空白處填入1個適合的單詞或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(2017·甘肅省部分一般高中第一次聯(lián)考)uswithfood,woodandmost__2.importantly__(important),oxygen.Nowthereisonemorethingwecanaddtothislist—blockingoutharmfulbacteriafromwater.Thediscovery__3.was_made__(make)byateam__4.consisting__(consist)ofscientistsfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)andhighschoolstudents__5.who/that__wereseekinganaturalwaterfilter—onethatwouldhelpcommunitiesindevelopingcountriesthatdonothave__6.access__(accessible)tomodernwaterfiltersystems.The__7.researchers__(research),ledbyProfessorRohitKarnik,decidedtoturntotreesforhelpbecausetheycouldallowliquidtoflowthrough,whileblockingoutairbubbles.Theybeganbycutting1.5-inch-widesectionsoftreebarkfromthebranchesofawhitepinetree.Thepeoplerelatedthentestedthewood'sfilteringabilitybytheir4amazement,theyfoundthatitwaseffectiveintrappingallthearticles.__9.Encouraged__(encourage),theteamconducted__10.another__experiment,thistimewithwaterthatcontainedbacteria.Sureenough,thesapwoodheldback99%ofthebacteria,allowingonly1%toflowthrough.文章粗心:樹木作用巨大。最新研究表示,它們能去除水中的細菌。1.命題立意:考察同位語從句。分析:此處是同位語從句,又由于從句中不缺乏成分,應采用附屬連詞that。2.命題立意:考察形容詞和副詞的變換。分析:此處mostimportantly是在修飾謂語動詞provide,故用副詞。句意為“他們?yōu)槲覀児┙o了食品和木頭,更重要的是供給了氧氣”。3.命題立意:考察謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。分析:此處指上文中的新發(fā)現(xiàn)是由一個被幾個科學家構(gòu)成的隊伍做出的,thediscovery和make之間是被動關(guān)系,故用被動語態(tài)。由本句話可知,用一般過去時。4.命題立意:考察非謂語動詞。分析:此處是此刻分詞短語“consistingofscientists”作后置定語,修飾team。因為被修飾詞team和consist之間是主謂關(guān)系,故用此刻分詞。5.命題立意:考察定語從句。分析:剖析句子可知此處為who/that指引的定語從句,由于先行詞是students,而且students在后邊的定語從句中充任主語,故用who/that。6.命題立意:考察形容詞和名詞的變換。分析:haveaccessto,意思為“使用,靠近,能夠利用”,是固定搭配。7.命題立意:考察動詞和名詞的變換。分析:剖析該句構(gòu)造可知,謂語動詞為decided,那么能發(fā)出這個動作的主語應當為researchers研究人員,研究者。8.命題立意:考察介詞。分析:toone'samazement,是固定構(gòu)造,表示“令某人吃驚的是”。貫通融會:近似的用法有toone'sdelight,令人快樂的是,toone'srelief,令人寬慰的等等。“to+one's+感情名詞”是英語中一個十分實用的構(gòu)造,主要表示某人由于某事的發(fā)生而喚起其心里的某種感情,往常譯為“令某人的是”“使某人感覺的是”。9.命題立意:考察非謂語動詞。分析:此處為分詞作狀語,主語team與encourage之間是動賓關(guān)系,應采用過去分詞“encouraged”。10.命題立意:考察代詞。5分析:依據(jù)上文可知對于此事做過實驗,此次是除了上一次之外的另一個實驗,故用another,表示“另一個”。.短文改錯導學號42492474假設英語課上老師要求同桌之間互換改正作文,請你改正你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處錯誤,每句中最多有兩處。錯誤波及一個單詞的增添,刪除或改正。增添:在缺詞處加一個漏字符號(∧),并在其下邊寫出該加的詞。刪除:把剩余的詞用(\)劃掉。改正:在錯的詞下畫一橫線,并在該詞下邊寫出改正后的詞。注意:1.每處錯誤及其改正均僅限一詞;2.只同意改正10處,多者(從第11處起)不計分。(2016·河北衡水中學測試)Alexanderwasamilitarygeniusorgreatexplorer.Buthealsohadagreatambition.Hewantedtoruleacountrythatpeoplecouldliveinpeacewithoneanother.From330to327B.C.,Alexanderledhissoldiereast,throughAfghanistanandintoCentralAsia.Ashetravel,hebuiltmorecities.Heorderedsoldiers,merchants,andscholarsfrommanylandstosettlehere.In326B.C.Alexanderturnedsouth,intohomeinanunknownland.Thesoldiersrefusedtogofarther.Unwillingly,Alexanderturnedback.By323B.C.,hereachedforBabyloninpresent-dayIraq.Therehecaughtthefeveranddiedattheageof33.Hiscountrywasdividedbetweenhisgenerals.答案:Alexanderwasamilitarygeniusorgreatexplorer.Buthealsohadagreatandambition.Hewantedtoruleacountrythatpeoplecouldliveinpeacewithonewhereanother.From330to327B.C.,Alexanderledhissoldiereast,through
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