要點(diǎn)梳理

高效梳理·知識(shí)備考●重點(diǎn)單詞1．protectionn．保護(hù)→protectv．保護(hù)→protectiveadj.保護(hù)的，防護(hù)的2．decreasevi.&vt.減少；(使)變小或變少3．lossn．損失；遺失；喪失→losev．遺失，丟失→losern．輸家；失敗者→lostadj.遺失的，失去的4．huntvt.&vi.打獵；獵??；搜尋5．respondvi.回答；響應(yīng)；作出反應(yīng)6．certainadj.確定的；無(wú)疑的；某種7．containvt.包含；容納；容忍→containern．容器8．powerfuladj.強(qiáng)大的；有力的→powerfullyadv.有力地→powerv．給……提供動(dòng)力9．a(chǎn)ffectvt.影響；感動(dòng)；侵襲10．a(chǎn)ppreciatevt.鑒賞；感激；意識(shí)到11．succeedvi.成功vt.接替；繼任12．employvt.雇用；利用(時(shí)間、精力等)13．harmn.&vt.損害；危害→harmfuladj.有害的14．bitevt.&vi.咬；叮；刺痛→bit(過去式)→bitten(過去分詞)15．inspectvt.檢查；視察16．fierceadj.兇猛的；猛烈的→fiercelyadv.猛烈地→fiercenessn．猛烈●重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)1．dieout滅亡；逐漸消失2．inpeace和平地；安詳?shù)兀缓湍赖?．indanger(of)在危險(xiǎn)中，垂危4．inrelief如釋重負(fù)5．burstintolaughter突然笑起來(lái)6．protect...from保護(hù)……不受……(危害)7．payattentionto注意8．comeintobeing形成；產(chǎn)生9．a(chǎn)ccordingto按照；根據(jù)……所說10．doharmto危害11．withoutmercy毫不留情地12．respondto對(duì)……作出回答decreasev.減少；（使）變?。蛔兩賜.減少；降低；減少的數(shù)量

decrease(sth.)to/by...減少到/了……increasevi.&vt.增加；增長(zhǎng)；增強(qiáng)n.增加；增加的數(shù)量increaseto/by...增加到/了……onthedecrease/increase在減少/增加8．dieout滅亡，逐漸消失dieout絕種，滅絕；熄滅；(風(fēng)俗、習(xí)慣等)逐漸消失dieoff(家族、種族等)相繼死亡；(草木)先后枯死dieaway(聲音、光線、風(fēng)等)漸弱，漸息，平息diedown(火、光線、興奮、暴風(fēng)雨等)漸弱，漸息；(聲音)靜下來(lái)dieof指死于疾病、衰老、饑餓、悲傷等diefrom指由于外傷、外界原因、粗心、不注意、勞累過度等而死9．indanger(of...)處于危險(xiǎn)之中outofdanger脫離危險(xiǎn)[即學(xué)即練9](1)Thedrownedgirlwasobviously_________________________.很明顯，那個(gè)溺水的女孩的生命危在旦夕。(2)Theoldhouseis_________________collapse.那所老房子有倒塌的危險(xiǎn)。(3)Theyweretoldatthehospitalthattheirgrandmotherwas_________________.他們?cè)卺t(yī)院得知他們的祖母已經(jīng)脫離危險(xiǎn)了。inimmediatedangerindangerofoutofdanger拓展：與in/outof搭配的短語(yǔ)inorder有秩序insight看得見introuble在困境中inline成行(隊(duì))inplace適合/當(dāng)infashion時(shí)尚outoforder出故障(機(jī)器等工作不正常)outofsight看不見outoftrouble擺脫困境outofline不成一直線outofplace不合適outoffashion過時(shí)考點(diǎn)探究互動(dòng)探究·能力備考Ⅰ.詞匯短語(yǔ)過關(guān)1．respondvi.回答，答復(fù)；響應(yīng)，作出反應(yīng)respondtosb./sth.回答(比answer,replyto正式)respondtosb./sth.(with/bysth.)用……回應(yīng)某人(事)responsetosb./sth.(對(duì)人/物)的回答/回復(fù)/反應(yīng)[即學(xué)即練1](1)Theystillhaven't____________myletter.他們至今仍沒有回我的信。(2)He____________mysuggestion________alaugh/______laughing.他對(duì)我的建議報(bào)以一笑。respondedtorespondedtowithby2．certainadj.確定的；無(wú)疑的；某(種)(1)作“某(種)”講時(shí)，同義于some。但some前不加冠詞。foracertainreason＝forsomereason由于某種原因certainprofessors＝someprofessors某些教授acertainamountoftime相當(dāng)一段時(shí)間(2)作“確信的，有把握的”講時(shí)，同義于sure。但是certain的主語(yǔ)既可以是人，也可用于Itiscertainthat...句型，而sure主語(yǔ)只能是人?！癰ecertain/sure＋從句”(人)有把握/確信……(表示主語(yǔ)的信念)becertain/sureof/aboutsth.(人)確信(表示主語(yǔ)的信念)becertain/suretodosth.必定/肯定會(huì)做某事(主語(yǔ)常為二、三人稱，表示說話人的信念)“makecertain/sure＋從句”弄清楚/確保……makecertain/sureof/aboutsth.把某件事情弄清楚forcertain/sure確定地，確切地(做狀語(yǔ))Itiscertainthat...一定會(huì)……(不能用sure)10．protect...from/against...保護(hù)……免受……(的傷害)defend...from/against...保衛(wèi)……以抵制……keepsb.fromdoingstopsb.(from)doingpreventsb.(from)doing阻止某人做3．containvt.包含；容納(＝hold)；抑制(＝control)[即學(xué)即練3](1)Hispaper___________nomistakesatall.他的試卷沒有一點(diǎn)錯(cuò)誤。(2)Orangejuice____________thingswhichhelpkeepyouhealthy.橘汁里含有有益于健康的東西。(3)Thisbottle___________twoglassesofbeer.這個(gè)瓶子可容納兩杯啤酒。(4)Hecouldn't____________forjoy.他不勝歡喜。containedcontainscontainscontainhimself1.contain/include(1)contain意為“包含，含有，容納，里面裝有”，指的是包含的全部?jī)?nèi)容或容量，也可指里面所含的成分。(2)include意為“包含；連……在內(nèi)，計(jì)入，算入，包括”，只能用于表示所包含之物中的一部分常用“including＋被包括部分”或“被包括部分＋included”。如：Manypeopleliketennis,includingme/meincluded.許多人喜歡網(wǎng)球，也包括我/我也在內(nèi)。4．a(chǎn)ffectvt.影響；感動(dòng)；(疾病)侵襲begreatly/deeplyaffected很/深受感動(dòng)beaffectedbyheat/cold中暑/著涼beaffectedwithhighfever發(fā)高燒[即學(xué)即練4](1)Theamountofrain______thegrowthofcrops.降雨量直接影響莊稼生長(zhǎng)。(2)Oneofherlungs____________alittlesothatshehastorest.她的一葉肺有些感染，所以她不得不休息。(3)Theaudience____________________byhisspeech.聽眾被他的演講深深打動(dòng)了。affectsisaffectedweredeeplyaffected

11．payattentionto注意Attention,please!請(qǐng)注意！(演講用語(yǔ))(＝MayIhaveyourattention,please？)attract/catch/draw/getone'sattentionto吸引某人的注意fix/focus/concentrateone'sattentionon將注意力集中于devoteone'sattentionto專心致志于callone'sattentionto喚起某人對(duì)……的注意提示：以上短語(yǔ)中的to、on都是介詞，其后接名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞。[即學(xué)即練11](1)She______________________________herappearance.她很注重外表。(2)Agreatdealofattentionhasbeen______________protectingtheenvironment.人們已對(duì)保護(hù)環(huán)境投入很多精力。paidmuchattentiontopaidto5．a(chǎn)ppreciatevt.欣賞；感激；喜歡appreciationn.欣賞；感激appreciatesth.(thanksb.)感激某事或某人Appreciatedoingsth.感激做某事Iwouldappreciateitif...如果……，我將不勝感激。6．succeedv．成功successn.[U]成功；成就[C]成功的人或事successfuladj.成功的successfullyadv.成功地succeedindoingsth.besuccessfulindoingsth.成功做某事achievegreatsuccess取得巨大的成功sb./sth.isasuccess成功的人或事7．harmvt.&n．損害；危害harmfuladj.有害的beharmfulto＝doharmtodosb.harm＝doharmtosb.對(duì)……有害Thereisnoharmindoingsth.＝Itdoesnoharm(forsb.)todosth.做某事是個(gè)好主意(或沒有壞處)。12．comeintobeing出現(xiàn)；形成；產(chǎn)生[即學(xué)即練12](1)Wedon'tknowwhentheuniverse________________________.我們不知道宇宙是何時(shí)形成的。(2)Suchacustom______________________longago.這種風(fēng)俗很久以前就有了。cameintobeingcameintobeing提示：comeintobeing是不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，無(wú)被動(dòng)形式，無(wú)進(jìn)行時(shí)。類似短語(yǔ)有：comeintopower當(dāng)權(quán)comeintoeffect生效comeintoaction開始行動(dòng)comeintooffice就職comeintosight看得見comeintouse開始使用Ⅱ.單項(xiàng)選擇1．Thedriverwasat______losswhen______wordcamethathewasforbiddentodriveforspeeding.A．a(chǎn);the B．/;/C．the;the D．a(chǎn);/答案：D解析：考查冠詞。ataloss迷惘不知所措，且word指“消息”時(shí)，無(wú)冠詞。2．Itis______thathisEnglishis______perfect.A．sure;very B．right;ratherC．exact;fairly D．certain;quite答案：D解析：考查Itiscertainthat...句式，quite是副詞“相當(dāng)”，修飾形容詞perfect。句意為：“他的英語(yǔ)相當(dāng)好，這是真的?！?．Stop______thiskindofsnakes.Theyare______.A．hunting;dyingout B．tohunt;dyingoutC．hunting;dyingaway D．tohunt;dyingdown答案：A解析：stopdoing“停止做某事”，而stoptodo表示“停下來(lái)去做某事”。第二空dieout“滅絕”。4．I'dliketoarrive20minutesearly______Icanhavetimeforacupoftea.A．a(chǎn)ssoonas B．a(chǎn)saresultC．incase D．sothat答案：D解析：句意為：“我想早到20分鐘，目的是為了我能有時(shí)間喝杯茶”。sothat引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句。5．(2010·陜西西安質(zhì)檢)Areyoudrivingtotheairport,sir?I'dappreciate______ifyoucouldgivemealift.A．that B．youC．this D．it答案：D解析：語(yǔ)意：先生，你是開車去機(jī)場(chǎng)嗎？如果你能載我一程，我將非常感激。根據(jù)語(yǔ)意可知，it為形式賓語(yǔ)，代替真正的賓語(yǔ)ifyoucouldgivemealift。6．Moreattentionshouldbe______equipmentinourfactorysothatwecanincreaseourproduction.A．paidtoimproving B．paidtoimproveC．takentoimprove D．takentoimproving答案：A解析：考查payattentiontodoingsth.的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。7．－Howmanypassengerswereintheplane?－It______100,20Chinese______.A．contained;includedB．contained;includingC．included;containedD．contained;containing答案：A解析：contain容納，包含；include包括。第二空用sb./sth.included或includingsb./sth.。8．Thediseasefailedto______tothenewdrugsthedoctorapplied.A．respond B．turnC．reply D．refer答案：A解析：respondto起反應(yīng)，回答，響應(yīng)；turnto轉(zhuǎn)向；replyto回信，對(duì)……作出回答，對(duì)……作出反應(yīng)；referto提及。9．Much______bythestoryofCongFei,Iamalsodeterminedtobeavolunteerworker.A．a(chǎn)ffected B．a(chǎn)ppreciatedC．a(chǎn)dmired D．effected答案：A解析：表示“受到……的影響”，且在句中做狀語(yǔ)，用affected。10．Theremaybekindsofinfectious(傳染的)diseasesinpublicplaces.Youshouldkeepyourchildren______totheplaceswherepeoplearecrowded.A．notgo B．nottogoC．going D．fromgoing答案：D解析：keepsb./sth.fromdoingsth.意思是“阻止(人或物)做某事”，其中介詞from不能省略。11．Afteraheateddiscussionatthemeeting,anewplancame______being,whichwouldhaveagr