初三英語虛擬語氣講解及練習題初三英語虛擬語氣講解及練習題初三英語虛擬語氣講解及練習題資料僅供參考文件編號：2022年4月初三英語虛擬語氣講解及練習題版本號：A修改號：1頁次：1.0審核：批準:發(fā)布日期：淺談初中英語虛擬語氣的用法

語氣的概念

英語動詞不僅有時態(tài)、語態(tài)等的變化，而且還有語氣的變化。語氣和時態(tài)、語態(tài)一樣都是英語的語法現(xiàn)象。

從形式上看，語氣是動詞的一種變化形式。

從意義上講，語氣是表示說話人對某一行為或某一事情的看法和態(tài)度。根據(jù)說話人

的意圖，語氣可分3種：

⑴直陳語氣（又叫陳述語氣）——

用來陳述事實（或提問題）等?？梢杂糜陉愂鼍?，也可以用于疑問句或感嘆句。

⑵祈使語氣——用來提出請求或命令等。主要用于祈使句。

⑶虛擬語氣——見下面。

語氣和時態(tài)是截然不同的概念，但語氣要通過動詞的時態(tài)形式表示出來。

二．虛擬語氣

㈠概念

通常是表示說話人所說的話不是一種事實，而是一種純粹的假設、虛擬、主觀愿望或建議等。可以用于陳述句，也可以用于疑問句等。

㈡動詞形式

虛擬語氣的動詞形式大多數(shù)情況是用動詞（相應）的過去時（相對直陳語氣而言）。動詞be若用過去式時可以一律用were。

㈢應用

⑴在含有條件狀語從句的復合句中的應用。表示純粹的假設，或可能性很小的情況。主從句的謂語動詞主要形式如下：

從句

主句對現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼那闆r假設時

過去式

would

+

動詞原形

對過去的情況假設時had

+

done（過去完成時）

would

+

have

+

done

例：1）If

I

were

you,

I’d

wear

a

shirt

and

tie.

2）What

would

you

do

if

you

had

a

million

dollars

?

3）If

you

had

come

a

few

minutes

earlier,

you

would

have

met

him.

4）If

he

hadn’t

been

strict

with

himself,

he

wouldn’t

have

made

such

progress.

⑵在wish等賓語從句中的應用。表示純粹的主觀愿望，不可能實現(xiàn)的，或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性極小的情況。賓語從句謂語動詞根據(jù)具體情況?？捎靡话氵^去時，過去將來時或過去完成時等。例如：

1）I

wish

that

I

could

help

him

now.

我現(xiàn)在要是能幫上他該多好??！或我多么希望現(xiàn)在能幫上他！（言下之意：我現(xiàn)在幫不上他，沒能力幫助他）

2）I

wish

I

could

come

here

tomorrow.

明天我要是能來這兒就好了?。ㄑ韵轮猓何颐魈旄静豢赡軄磉@兒，或我明天能來這兒的可能性很小）

3）We

wish

he

hadn’t

gone.

他要是沒有走該多好?。?/p>

⑶用在suggest等的賓語從句中，表是純粹的建議。

句型為：suggest(ed)

that

…

(should)

+

動詞原形…

（should可省略）

1）He

suggests

that

we

(should)

visit

the

museum.

2)We

suggested

that

he

_____

here

every

day.

A.

come

B.

comes

C.

came

D.

can

come

E.

could

come

虛擬語氣的幾種特殊用法1.省掉if的條件從句結(jié)構(gòu)：Hadyouaskedme,Iwouldhavetoldyou.

(=Ifyouhadaskedme,…)2.有時虛擬條件不用條件從句而用不定式、分詞、介詞、名詞、連接詞或定語從句來表示，如：Atruefriendwouldnotdosuchathing.(=Ifhewereatruefriend,he...)(=Iftherewerenowater,…)(=Ifyouhadn’thelpedme,…)

例句：Withoutyouradvice,ourmeetingwouldn’thavebeensosuccessfully.[過去]

（=>可轉(zhuǎn)換為：Iftherehadn’tbeenyouradvice,we…）

Yournotesarealmostillegible(難以辨認的).Notestypedoutwouldbealoteasiertoread.[將來]

(=>可轉(zhuǎn)換為：Ifthenoteshadbeentypedout,itwouldbealoteasiertoread.)

IshouldhavegonetoseeDr.Smithandhemighthavecuredmeofthedisease.[過去]

(=>可轉(zhuǎn)換為：IfhehavegonetoseeDr.Smith,he..)

3.

有時條件從句中的動作和結(jié)果從句中的動作發(fā)生的時間不一致，如：Ifhehadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,hewouldbequiteallrightnow.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonehome.五、虛擬語氣的其他用法1、Suggest,advise等動詞之后賓語從句須用虛擬語氣，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下：suggest,advise,recommend,demand,require,insist,urge,request,order,

+that…(should)+動詞原形devide,ask,move,propose等注意：在此結(jié)構(gòu)中that不可省略；should省不省均可。Hesuggestedthatthey(should)stopsmoking.上述動詞的名詞形式出現(xiàn)時，that引導的從句仍用虛擬語氣。Hemadearequestthatthey(should)stopsmoking.如果that引導的從句所表達的內(nèi)容是事實，也可用陳述語氣。Heinsiststhatheisright.2、Itis(was)+necessary,apity等+that引導的從句須用虛擬語氣，其句子結(jié)構(gòu)如下：imperative,advisable,

動詞完成式Itis(was)+important,natural,necessary,+that…(should)+essential,strange,等動詞原形

Itisimportantthatyou(should)followthedoctor’sorders.Itisrightthatyoushouldhavedoneyourhomework.3、wish的用法動詞過去式或were—與現(xiàn)在事實相反主語+wish(that)+主語+

動詞過去完成式—與過去事實相反助動詞過去試+動詞原形—與將來事實相反IwishIwereapopsinger.

(=IamsorryIamnotapopsinger..)IwishIhadneverstoppedteaching.

(=IamsorryIstoppedteaching.)Iwishthey’dletusgetsomesleep.注意：wish與hope接賓語從句的區(qū)別在于：hope表示一般可以實現(xiàn)的希望，賓語從句用陳述語氣。wish表示很難或不大可能實現(xiàn)的希望,賓語從句用虛擬語氣。試比較：（1）Wehopetheywillcome,(Wedon’tknowiftheycancome.)（2）Wewishtheycouldcome,(Weknowtheyarenotcoming.)4、asif,asthough,would(had)rather(that)引導的從句須用虛擬語氣，如：

Heactsasifnothinghadhappened.Iwouldratheryoudidn’ttellhim.5、It’s(high)timethat…+動詞過去式或should+動詞原形，如：It’stime(that)youhadahaircut.It’shightime(that)wetooksomeaction.

虛擬語氣專項練習題(1).IfIyou,Iwouldgobyplane.Flyingismuchfaster.

A.be

B.was

C.were

D.am(2).IdonotthinkthosepeoplearereallyEnglish.Iftheywere,they____speakwithFrenchaccents.

A.don't

B.willnot

C.mustn't

D.wouldn't(3)

_____today,wouldwebeabletogettherebyTuesday?

A.Wereweleaving

B.Ifweleave

C.Wouldweleave

D.Werewetoleave(4).IfJone____tomorrow,whatwouldyoudo?

A.werenottocome

B.willnotcome

C.wouldnotcome

D.hadnotcome(5).“Shedidn'taskme,soIdidn'thelpher”“Youmeantosay_____,youwould'vehelpedher”

A.ifsheaskedyou

B.ifsheweretoaskyou

C.hadsheaskedyou

C.wereshetoaskyou(6).Theytooktheinjuredstraighttothehospital.Otherwisesomeofthem_____.

A.mighthavedied

B.mightdie

C.woulddieD.coulddie(7).Iftheyhadknownhim,

_____tohim?

A.wouldtheyhavetalked

B.wouldtheytalk

C.hadtheytalked

D.theywouldtalk(8).IfIlivedinthecity,I

____travelincrowededbuses,butI_____toseelotsof

films.

A.shallhaveto/shallbeable

B.shallhaveto/amable

C.wouldhaveto/wereable

D.wouldhaveto/wouldbeable(9).Iwouldhavegonetotheconcert,ifI_____time.

A.hadhad

B.havehad

C.had

D.wouldhavehad(10).

_____Iknowit,Iwouldhavetoldyou.A.Have

B.If

C.Had

D.Having(11).

_____yourhelp,Iwouldnothavesucceeded.

A.Because

B.Becauseof

C.But

D.Butfor(12).“WhatdidMrSmithsayabouthiscareer”“Onlythatifhe____amillionaire,hewouldhavefewerworries.”

A.didnotbecome

B.hadnotbecome

C.doesnotbecome

D.hasnotbecome(13).“Whydidn'tyouhelphim”“Iwouldhave____Ididn'thavethemoney.”A.still

B.but

C.otherwise

D.or(14).“WhoshouldgotoseeLiYingHeisilltoday.”

“IsuggestWangHong_____.”

A.goes

B.wouldgo

C.go

D.went(15).Thehousemasterwasstrict.Herequestedthatwe_____televisiononweeknights.

A.notwatch

B.mustnottowatch

C.notbewatching

D.havenotwatch(16).Ican'tspeakJapanese,butIdowishI____.

A.can

B.could

C.had

D.speak(17).“Areyouenjoyingyourstayhere’“Yes,verymuch.IwishI_____havetoleavesosoon.”

A.won't

B.don't

C.mustn't

D.didn't(18).“Whatwillyoudoduringthesummerholidays”“Idon'tknow,butit'sabouttime

_____onsomething.”

A.I'mdeciding

B.I'lldecideC.Idecided

D.I'ddecided(19).I'dratheryou_____anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.

A.say

B.didn'tsay

C.don'tsay

D.notsay(20).“Whydoyouhavetobethereatsix”

“Theteacherdemandsthateveryone

_____inhisseatatsix.”

A.wouldbe

B.canbe

C.be

D.willbe(21).Hemakesanoteoftheassignmentlesthe_____it.

A.forgets

B.forget

C.willforget

D.willnotforget(22).“howdoesthelibrarianact”“Heactsasifhe

_____awalkingdictionary.”

A.were

B.be

C.is

D.hasbeen(23).Thereisalawthatdrunkendrivers_____severelypunished.

A.were

B.are

C.be

D.willbe(24).Iwishyou

______interruptwhenI'mtalkingonthephone.

A.willnot

B.wouldnot

C.donot

D.didnot(25).Henrytalkstohisdogasifit____

him.

A.understands

B.understood

C.understand

D.wouldunderstand(26).Jefflookedasifhe

_____aghost.

A.saw

B.hasseen

C.hadseen

D.wouldsee(27).Givehermybestregards,

________.

A.shouldyouseehertoday

B.ifyousawhertoday

C.ifyouwouldseehertoday

D.shouldyouhaveseenhertoday(28).Therewasasuggestionbytheteachersthatthemeeting______postponedforaweek.

A.hadbeen

B.wouldbe

C.was

D.shouldbe(29).Itishighlydesirablethateveryeffort______toreducepollutioninBeijing.

A.wasmade

B.bemade

C.willbemade

D.wouldbemade(30).Themanagerwouldratherthathiswife_____workinthesameofficeashedose.

A.doesnot

B.didnot

C.wouldnot

D.willnot(31).Theteacherinsistedthatweall___backbytwoo'clock.

A.be

B.tobe

C.wouldbe

D.shallbe(32).Ididn'tgotothefootballmatch,butIdowishI

____there.

A.went

B.was

C.were

D.hadbeen(33).Itishightimewe____drugtrafficking.(販毒)

A.didawaywith

B.doawaywith

C.didaway

D.shoulddoawaywith()1.Ifmyfather______herenow,he______tellmewhattodo.A.were,wouldB.were,willC.is,will