!Period1ListeningSpeaking&TalkingUnit4HistoryandTraditionsPre—listening013Leading-in孔子CONFUCIUS

外國人眼中的至圣先師孔子ConfuciuswasaChinesephilosopheroftheZhoudynasty,whoseteachingsofmoral,social,political,andphilosophicalbehaviorandtheorywouldlaterbecomethefoundationofasystemknownasConfucianism.TheteachingsofConfuciuswasstudiedandwrittenaboutfromthetimeofhisdeathuntilthefoundingofthefirstChineseempirein221B.C.Histeachingsincludedhumanisttowardsothers,ritualandetiquette,loveofparentsfortheirchildrenandofchildrenfortheirparents.Anemphasiswasplacedonself-cultivationandskilledjudgment,ratherthanaknowledgeofrules.Hisethicalidealsinteachingswerealsocommunicatedthroughmetaphor,innuendo,andanecdoteorstory.Oneofhismostwell-knownteachingsis—whatyoudonotwishforyourself,donotdotoothers.孔子是周朝的一位中國哲學(xué)家，他關(guān)于道德、社會、政治和哲學(xué)行為和理論的教導(dǎo)后來成為儒家思想體系的基礎(chǔ)。從孔子去世到公元前221年第一個中華帝國建立，人們一直在研究和撰寫孔子的教義。他的教導(dǎo)包括對他人的人道主義、儀式和禮儀、父母對子女的愛以及子女對父母的愛。強(qiáng)調(diào)的是自我修養(yǎng)和熟練的判斷力，而不是規(guī)則知識。他在教義中的倫理理想也通過隱喻、影射、軼事或故事來傳達(dá)。他最著名的教誨之一是，你不希望自己做什么，也不希望別人做什么。ConfucianismrosetoprominenceduringtheHandynastyaround200B.C.Manyfollowerspracticedhisteachingsasareligion.However,becauseitlacksametaphysicalaspect,mostconsiderConfucianismasaninfluentialsocialphilosophy.Confuciusavidlypromotedanautocraticsocialstructure.Intheyearsafterhisdeath,rulerslookedtoscholarsofConfucianismforassistanceinmanagingtheirempiresandgoverningtheirpeople.Confucianismwasappealingtorulerswhofoundthatitsprincipleswouldessentiallyhelpsocietybecomeself-regulating.Theseprinciplesofbehaviorandtheirimplementationarethoughttohavelaterinfluencedstrongcentralrule,andtheabsenceofrigidlyenforcedlegalstructure.Confuciusspenthisfinalyearsteachinghisfollowersandcommunicatinghiswisdom.ThesedialogueswouldeventuallybecomeasetoftextscalledtheFiveClassics.外國人眼中的至圣先師孔子儒家思想在公元前200年左右的漢朝時期崛起。許多信徒把他的教義當(dāng)作一種宗教來實踐。然而，由于它缺乏形而上學(xué)的一面，大多數(shù)人認(rèn)為儒家思想是一種有影響力的社會哲學(xué)?？鬃訕O力提倡專制的社會結(jié)構(gòu)。在他死后的幾年里，統(tǒng)治者向儒學(xué)學(xué)者尋求幫助，以管理他們的帝國和治理他們的人民。儒家思想對統(tǒng)治者很有吸引力，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)儒家思想的原則從根本上有助于社會自我調(diào)節(jié)。人們認(rèn)為，這些行為原則及其實施后來影響了強(qiáng)大的中央規(guī)則，以及缺乏嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行的法律結(jié)構(gòu)?？鬃釉谒淖詈髱啄昀锝虒?dǎo)他的追隨者，傳播他的智慧。這些對話最終將成為一組文本，稱為《五經(jīng)》。Duringthe44thUSPresidentBarackObama'stownhallmeetinginShanghaiin2009,hecitedthesayingcoinedbyConfucius"Considerthepastandyoushallknowthefuture"(溫故而知新),toexpressthatthetwocountriesshouldlearnfromthepasttodevelopSino-USdiplomaticrelationsinthenewera.Russia'sPrimeMinisterDmitryMedvedevmadeaspeechatPekingUniversityin2008,spicingitwithreferencestoChinesephilosophersConfuciusandLao-tzu.Whenspeakingofeducation,hecitedConfucius’"Learnandpracticeoftenwhatyouhavelearned,isn'titpleasant?"(學(xué)而時習(xí)之，不亦說乎)toexpresshisfavorofChineseeducationmethods.0102盤點外國政要引用過的孔子名言/Updated:July7,2018Confucianism,asystemdevelopedfromConfucius'thoughts,isanethicalandphilosophicalsystem,whichhasbecomeaninfluentialpartofChineseculture.Prediction8Thelisteningtextisprobablyabout_____________AboutConfuciusandhisinfluencetotheChinesecultureanddevelopment.2.Newwordsphilosophern._________descendantn.________philosophyn.__________ noticeableadj.__________哲學(xué)家后裔，后代，后人；子孫哲學(xué)顯著的，顯而易見的While—listening02

Fact/OpinionaboutConfuciusWilliam1.Confuciusisoneofhisfavoritephilosopher.2.______________________________________3.______________________________________XiaoKong1.______________________________________2.______________________________________

______________________________________3.______________________________________10ListentoaconversationbetweenaBritishtouristandaChinesestudentinQufu,andthenwritedownwhattheysayaboutConfucius.Helivedover2,500years.Hewasagreateducatorandhadmanyideasabouteducation.Confuciushasover3,000,000descendants.Task1Hewasawiseman.Hewasoneofthegreatestmindsinhistory.11Task2Listenagainanddecidewhetherthesestatementsaretrue(T),false(F),ornotmentioned(NM).Thenanswerthequestion.√√√√12Task3WhydoyouthinkWilliamsaidhishometownwassimilartoQufu?A.Therearefamoushallsinhishometown.B.Therearenotallbuildingsinhishometown.D.Hishometowndoesn’tallowotherbuildingstobemorenoticeablethanthehistoricbuildings.DC.Bothplaceshaveafamouspersonwhowasbornthere.UnderstandidiomsAnidiomisanexpressionwhichmeanssomethingdifferentfromthemeaningoftheindividualwords.Someidiomspresentanideaorpaintapicturethatgivesahintastothemeaning.Otheridiomscanonlybeunderstoodfromthecontextinwhichtheyappear.After—listening03Post-ListeningEnglishIdiomMeaningChineseequivalentAchilles’sheel

Pullone’sleg

Fishoutofwater

Somethingthatissomeone’sweakness弱點要害Tojokewithsomeone戲弄Someonewhofeelsuncomfortablebecausetheyareinanunfamiliarplace如芒在背Discussion1.WhatdoyouknowaboutConfucius'ideasoneducation?Thinkoftwoorthreeexamples.2.WhatelsedoyouknowaboutConfuciusandhisphilosophy?3.Thinkaboutahistoricsitethatyouhavevisited,andgiveanintroductiontoitshistoryandimportance.1.WhatdoyouknowaboutConfucius’ideaoneducation?Thinkoftwoorthreeexamples.Teachstudentsinaccordancewiththeiraptitude,makenosocialdistinctionsinteaching2.WhatelsedoyouknowaboutConfuciusandhisphilosophy?Confucius'philosophy:1.Philosophicalthoughtwith"benevolence"asthecore.2.Politicalthoughtwith"morality"asthecore.3.Carryouttheethicalthoughtfromtheperspectiveof"benevolence"and"gain".4.Educationalthoughtwith"educationwithoutclass"asthecore.TheYellowMountainisoneofthemostfamousmountainsinChina.ItliesinthesouthofAnhui.EveryyearthousandsofChineseandforeignerspayavisitthere.It'snotfarfromhere.Ittakesyouaboutthreehourstogettherebybus.Youcanalsogotherebytrainorbyplane.Whileyouareclimbingthemountain,youcanenjoytheseaofclouds,wondrouspinesanduniquerocksaroundyou.Intheearlymorningwhenthesunrises,theskylooksverybeautiful.It'sreallyaniceplacetovisit3.Thinkaboutahistoricsitethatyouhavevisited,andgiveanintroductiontoitshistoryandimportance.2