M5Unit1GettingalongwithothersPeriod6Grammarandusage（1）☆學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)Learningaims1.Torecognizethebasicformsoftheto-infinitiveandthebareinfinitive.2.Tolearnhowtousetheinfinitiveindifferentsituations.3.Dosomeexercisestoconsolidatetheuseoftheinfinitive.☆重點難點ImportantanddifficultpointsHowtousetheinfinitiveindifferentsituations.☆【預(yù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)】1）Theformationoftheto-infinitive(動詞不定式的構(gòu)成)：2)Whatdoestheto-infinitivefunctionas?(動詞不定式起什么語法功能？)☆【課內(nèi)探究】Identifyingthefunctionsoftheto-infinitive1.Readpoint1onpage8ascarefullyasyoucanandrememberthedifferentfunctionsoftheto-infinitive.2.Readandstudythefollowingsentencesandpointoutthedifferentfunctionsoftheto-infinitive.Totalkwithyourmouthfullisrude.__________Iliketoreadnewspaperarticlesaboutsports.__________TellJacktoclosethewindow,please.__________Heislookingforanapartmenttolivein.__________Hisplanistogoabroadandcontinuehisstudies.__________Samwasluckytocatchthefirstbusthatmorning.__________☆【課堂鞏固】Grammaticalfunctionsoftheto-infinitive1）Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.總結(jié)：動詞不定式短語作_______時，謂語動詞用________且常用it作形式主語，如上面兩句可改寫如下：______isveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes.______meansfailuretoloseyourheart.不定式作主語常見句型：a)Itis+adj.(easy,important,difficult…)+不定式b)Itis+n.(apity,apleasure,one’sduty,ashame)+不定式c)Ittakes/needs/requires+sometime(hours,months,days,patience…)+不定式動詞不定式還可以和what,where,how,when,which等連接代詞（副詞）連用，在句中做主語。如何處理垃圾是個問題。________________________isaproblem.2）Herjobistocleanthehall.Heappearstohavecaughtacold.總結(jié)：動詞不定式短語作________時，表示具體動作或?qū)韯幼鳌．?dāng)句子的主語是aim,idea,wish,task,duty,dream,purpose等或者主語是what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句時，后面可以用不定式做表語，用以說明主語所包含內(nèi)容。注：作表語的不定式都帶to，但當(dāng)主語部分有實義動詞do時，to可以省略。Nowtheonlythingwecandoiswait.3）常與不定式做賓語連用的動詞有：want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help,agree,promise,prefer,如果不定式（賓語）后面有賓語補足語，常用it作形式賓語，真正的賓語（不定式）后置，放在賓語補足語后面，常用動詞有believe,

consider,

declare,

feel,

find,

guess,

imagine,

prove,

realize,

suppose,

think等。如：Marxfound_____importanttostudythesituationinRussia.動詞不定式也可充當(dāng)介詞賓語，只有少數(shù)介詞如but,except等后面可以跟不定式作賓語。一般情況下作介詞賓語的不定式都帶to，但如果but或except所在句子里的謂語動詞含有do,does,did時，通常省略to。即有do無to，無do有to．如：Ihavenochoicebuttostayhere.HedidnothinglastSundaybutrepairhisbike.動詞不定式前有時可與________連用，如：HegaveussomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglish.4）在復(fù)合賓語中，動詞不定式可充當(dāng)賓語補足語，常跟這種復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有：want,wish,ask,tell,order,beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,callon,waitfor,invite.此外，介詞with有時也與這種復(fù)合賓語連用，如：_________________(由于有很多的工作要做),hedidn’tgotothecinema.不定式作以下動詞的賓語補足語時常省略to一感:feel;二聽:hear,listento;三讓:let,make,have五看:see,,watch,notice,lookat和observe但當(dāng)使役動詞和感官動詞變成被動語態(tài)時，被省略的to應(yīng)補上。如：Isawhimcrosstheroad.Hewasseen______________.注意:感官動詞后也可接ing作賓補，但意思有區(qū)別．Isawhertalktohernewfriends.(看到整個過程)Isawhertalkingtohernewfriends.(沒看到整個過程)Whilewatchingtelevision,______.(2022全國卷I)A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellringsIfanyonehappenstodropinwhileI’mout,_____himorherleaveamessage.(2022福建卷)A.haveB.getC.askD.tell5）動詞不定式放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后作________.序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級或被only,last,next等修飾的名詞可以用不定式作定語：Shewastheonlypersontosurviveaftertheearthquake.與所修飾名詞有如下關(guān)系：A）動賓關(guān)系：Ihaveameetingtoattend.注意：不定式為不及物動詞時，所修飾的名詞如果是地點、工具等，應(yīng)有必要的介詞，如：Hefoundagoodhousetolivein.Thechildhasnothingtoworryabout.如果不定式修飾time,place,way，可以_____________：Hehasnoplacetolive.Thisisthebestwaytoworkoutthisproblem.如果不定式所修飾名詞是不定式動作承受者，不定式可用主動式也可用被動式：Haveyougotanything_______(要買嗎)?Iwanttogotothesupermarket.Haveyougotanything__________(要買嗎)?B）說明所修飾名詞的內(nèi)容：Wehavemadeaplantofinishthework.C）被修飾名詞是不定式邏輯主語：Heisthefirsttogethere.6）作狀語：A）表目的：Heworkeddayandnight______________(為了賺錢).Shesoldherhair__________________（為了買表鏈）.注意不定式放句首時，邏輯主語與句子主語要一致：F：Tosavemoney,everymeanshasbeentried.T:Tosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeans.F：TolearnEnglishwell,adictionaryisneeded.T:TolearnEnglishwell,heneedsadictionary.B）表結(jié)果：Hearrivedthere____________________(結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)火車離開了).常用only放在不定式前表示強調(diào)：Ivisitedhimonlytofindhimout.C）表原因：Theywereverysad______________(聽到那個消息).D）表程度：It’stoodarkforustoseeanything.Thequestionissimpleforhim_______(回答).7）作獨立成分：Totellyouthetruth,Idon’tlikethewayhetalked.8）不定式的省略：保留to省略do動詞。Ifyoudon’twanttodoit,youdon’tneedto.Bareinfinitive常見省略動詞不定式符號to的幾個情形：a.情態(tài)動詞（除oughtto,haveto,beableto,usedto等本身帶有to的）.b.使役動詞let,make,have等之后，感官動詞see,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel,find等后作賓補（注意在被動語態(tài)中to則不能省略）。Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.c.表示個人意愿或傾向的wouldrather,hadbetter,might(just)aswell，ratherthan之后.Healwayspreferstorideabikeratherthantakeacrowdedbus.d.why…/whynot…之后。Whynotaskyourteacherforhelp?e.由and,or和than連接的兩個不定式，第二個to可以省略。HewantstomovetoFranceandmarrythegirl.f.but作介詞，后接不定式結(jié)構(gòu)時，前面謂語動詞部分若含有do的某種形式時，but后的不定式要省去to,否則要帶to.Hewantstodonothingbutgoout.Hewantstobelieveanythingbuttotakethemedicine.g.不定式作表語時，一般要帶to,但若主句部分含有do的某種形式時，符號to可省略。We’vemissedthebus.Allwecoulddonowiswalkhome.Iwouldrather____(go)swimming.Youhadbetter______(tidy)yourbedroom.Whynot______(visit)yourcousininJapan?Shetoldme____(be)cheerfuland______(look)onthebrightside.Wehadnothing____(do)but____(watch)TV.Doyouwanttogoshoppingor______(watch)afilm?Idecidedtowriteratherthan______(phone).Basicformsoftheto-infinitive主動被動一般式towritetobewritten進行式tobewriting/完成式tohavewrittentohavebeenwritten否定式：not+(to)do1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之后，例如：I’mglad____________(遇到你).Hewants___________(成為藝術(shù)家).2）進行式：不定式的進行式所表示的動作與謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生，例如：Theboypretended_________(在努力學(xué)習(xí)).Heseems____________(正在看書)intheroom.3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞動作之前，例如：Iregretted___________(說了謊話).Ihappened______________(看過了這部影片).☆【課后檢測】Multiplechoices1.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.

tohavestudied

B.tostudy

C.tobestudying

D.tohavebeenstudying2.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains____whethertheywillenjoyit.A.tosee

B.tobeseen

C.seeing

D.seen3.Thepatientwaswarned____oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toe