1、2021/8/11 星期三12021/8/11 星期三2語法指南動詞-ing形式做狀語動詞-ing做狀語時表示的動作是主語動作的一部分,與謂語表示的動作或狀態(tài)是同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生的,或是先于謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生,它的邏輯主語與句子的主語一致。動詞-ing做狀語常表示時間、條件、原因、方式、伴隨、讓步、結(jié)果,多用逗號同句子其他成分隔開。1.做時間狀語動詞-ing表示的動作一發(fā)生,謂語表示的動作立即發(fā)生(動詞-ing短語多置于句首),如:Hearing the news,they all jumped with joy.聽到這個消息,他們都高興地跳了起來。Seeing the old picture

2、,I couldnt help thinking of my happy childhood.一看到這張舊照片,我不禁想起我愉快的童年。2021/8/11 星期三3語法指南動詞-ing表示的動作與謂語動詞表示的動作同時發(fā)生時,動詞-ing前多加while或when,如:When entering his house,he immediately sensed something unusual.當(dāng)進(jìn)入房子時,他立刻感覺到有事情不對。While walking along the street,he met Liu Ping,an old schoolmate.當(dāng)他在大街上散步時,碰到了他的一個

3、老校友劉萍。動詞-ing動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動詞發(fā)生的動作之前。此時應(yīng)用having+過去分詞,如:Having cleaned the rooms,we began to weed the garden.打掃完房間后,我們開始在花園里除草。Having struggled for months,he finally found a good job.經(jīng)過幾個月的奮斗之后,他終于找到了一份好工作。2021/8/11 星期三4語法指南2.做條件狀語(一般放在句首)Working hard,youll surely succeed.如果你努力工作,你就會成功。Knowing anything abo

4、ut it,I will let you know.如果知道有關(guān)此事的任何情況,我會告訴你的。3.做原因狀語(多放在句首)Being excited,she couldnt say a word.由于激動,她一句話也說不出來。Not knowing the language and having no friends in the country,he found it impossible to get a job.不懂這個國家的語言,在這又沒有多少朋友,他覺得不可能找到工作。2021/8/11 星期三5語法指南4.做方式或伴隨狀語(多放在句尾)They show disagreement

5、shaking their heads.他們搖頭表示不同意。They came into the classroom,talking and laughing.他們有說有笑地走進(jìn)了教室。5.做讓步狀語(通常放在句首)Admitting what she has said,I still think that she hasnt tried her best.盡管認(rèn)同她所說的話,但我仍然認(rèn)為她沒盡最大努力。Studying hard,he didnt pass the exam.盡管他學(xué)習(xí)很努力,但考試還是沒及格。2021/8/11 星期三6語法指南6.做結(jié)果狀語The global finan

6、cial crisis is spreading throughout the world,making a lot of factories closed.全球金融危機(jī)在全世界蔓延,結(jié)果使很多工廠關(guān)閉。He fell down from the tall tree,breaking his legs.他從那棵高樹上摔了下來,結(jié)果把腿摔斷了。注意:(1)若強(qiáng)調(diào)動詞-ing表示的動作在主句謂語動詞動作之前發(fā)生,則用動詞-ing的完成式,即having+過去分詞,其否定形式為not having+過去分詞。Having finished his work,he went home.完成工作后,他回

7、家了。Not having got a reply,she decided to write to him again.由于沒有得到答復(fù),她決定再給他寫封信。2021/8/11 星期三7語法指南(2)在絕大多數(shù)情況下,動詞-ing做狀語時,其邏輯主語與主句的主語是一致的。但有時現(xiàn)在分詞與主句主語不一致,其前面有一名詞或代詞做它的邏輯主語,這種帶邏輯主語的動詞-ing形式為獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。Time permitting,Ill go there to see you.如果時間允許的話,我將去那里看你。The meeting being over,we all left the hall in a

8、hurry and went home.會議結(jié)束后,我們都匆匆離開大廳回家了。(3)有少數(shù)動詞-ing并不表示句子主語的動作,而是表示說話人的態(tài)度。Judging from his accent,he may be from Beijing.從口音上判斷,他可能來自北京。Generally speaking,girls care more for clothes than boys.一般說來,女孩比男孩更注重著裝。2021/8/11 星期三8語法指南(4)當(dāng)分詞已轉(zhuǎn)化成介詞或連詞,此時也無須考慮與主句主語的關(guān)系。Supposing it rains tomorrow,what shall we do?假設(shè)明天下雨,我們該怎么辦?(supposing為連詞,意為“假如,如果”)Considering his age,he did it quite well.鑒于他的年齡,他做得很好了。(consid