1、各種從句的翻譯同位語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句的譯法：表語(yǔ)從句的譯法： 作業(yè) (Assignment) 1同位語(yǔ)從句的翻譯2I. Basic conceptIm greatly shocked when I heard the news that his father died yesterday. The teacher came to the conclusion that the student had been lying . I have no idea how to explain it An idea came to him that he might write to

2、 her to ask more information about the matter .3II. Translation Skills先翻譯從句,即從句前置 This is a universally accepted principle of international law that the territory sovereignty doesnt admit of infringement. 一個(gè)國(guó)家的領(lǐng)土不容侵犯，這是國(guó)際法中盡人皆知的準(zhǔn)則。4It does not alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the de

3、lay.But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well as without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory. 52.拆分法 Canada has long subscribed to the view that no state should use its territory or allow it to be used in such a way as to injure

4、the environment of another state or of the international commons. 長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，加拿大一直認(rèn)為，任何國(guó)家都不應(yīng)該用自己的領(lǐng)土或允許別國(guó)利用其領(lǐng)土來(lái)破壞另一個(gè)國(guó)家或國(guó)際社會(huì)的環(huán)境。 6When reports came into London zoo that a wild puma had been spotted forty-five miles south of London ,they were not taken seriously.He expressed the hope that he would come over

5、to visit China again.73.增加“即”（或“以為”）或用冒號(hào)、破折號(hào)分開(kāi) But considered realistically, we had to face the fact that our prospects were less than good.但是現(xiàn)實(shí)地考慮一下，我們不得不正視這樣的事實(shí)：我們的前景并不妙。8I will share with President Carter my conclusion that our two countries are destined to grow together for our mutual benefit an

6、d for the benefit of all mankind.我要把我的結(jié)論告訴卡特總統(tǒng)，即為了我們兩國(guó)人民的利益，為了全人類(lèi)的利益，我們雙方一定會(huì)更加親密。9Yet, from the beginning, the fact that I was still alive was ignored.然而，從一開(kāi)始，我仍然活著這個(gè)事實(shí)卻被他們忽視了。10賓語(yǔ)從句的翻譯用 that, what, how 等引起的賓語(yǔ)從句譯成漢語(yǔ)時(shí)一般不需要改變它在原句中順序；用 it 作假賓語(yǔ)的句子，漢譯時(shí) that 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句一般可按原文順序； it 不譯。I told him that because

7、of the last condition, Id have to turn it down. 我告訴他，由于那最后一個(gè)條件，我只得謝絕that, what, how11I also told him how appealing I found the offer.我也告訴他，這提供的機(jī)會(huì)對(duì)我有多么大的吸引力。 2. Do you know what these business terms mean? 你明白這些商務(wù)詞語(yǔ)是什么意思嗎？ 12有時(shí)可加“說(shuō)”字He would remind people again that it was decided not only by himself

8、but by lots of others.他再三提醒大家說(shuō)，決定這件事的不只是他一個(gè)人，還有其他許多人。13用it作假賓語(yǔ)的句子，it可不譯。I made it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 oclock in the morning.我向他們講清楚了的，他們必須在上午十點(diǎn)以前交卷。14狀語(yǔ)從句的翻譯狀語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)譯技巧 時(shí)間條件These three colors ,red ,green ,and violet ,when combined ,produced white . 紅色、綠色和紫色這三種顏色如果合

9、在一起就變成白色。 15條件地點(diǎn)Where there is nothing in the path of beam of light ,nothing is seen. 如果光束通道上沒(méi)有東西，就什么也看不到。 16Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion. 原因因果他深信這件事正確可靠，因此堅(jiān)持已見(jiàn)。 17狀語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)從句的翻譯概述時(shí)間原因條件讓步目的18譯成相應(yīng)的表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)譯成“剛就”的句式譯成并列分句一、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的譯法19一、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的譯法譯成相應(yīng)的表示時(shí)間的狀

10、語(yǔ) 1. While she spoke, the tears were running down. 她說(shuō)話時(shí)，淚水直流。 2.Pleasae turn off the lights when you leave the room. 離屋時(shí)請(qǐng)關(guān)燈。20 3.When censorship laws are relaxed, dishonest people are given a chance to produce virtually anything in the name of “art” 當(dāng)審查放寬時(shí), 招搖撞騙之徒就會(huì)有機(jī)可乘, 在“藝術(shù)”的幌子下炮制出形形色 色的東西來(lái)。21譯成“剛

11、就”的句式1.He had hardly rushed into the room when he shouted, “Fire! Fire！”他剛跑進(jìn)屋里就大聲喊：“著火了！著火了！” 2.He had scarcely handed me the letter when he asked me to read it.他把信一交給我，就叫我念給他聽(tīng)。22譯成并列分句He shouted as he ran.They set him free when his ransom had not yet been paid.他還沒(méi)有交贖金，他們就把他釋放了。23譯成表“因”的分句譯成因果偏正復(fù)句中的

12、主句譯成不用關(guān)聯(lián)詞而因果關(guān)系內(nèi)含的并列分句二、原因狀語(yǔ)從句24二、原因狀語(yǔ)從句譯成表“因”的分句The crops failed because the season was dry. 因?yàn)闅夂蚋珊?，作物歉收?. We have to put the meeting off since so many people were absent.25譯成因果偏正復(fù)句中的主句Because he was convinced of the accuracy of this fact, he stuck to his opinion.他深信這件事正確可靠，因此堅(jiān)持己見(jiàn)。26譯成不用關(guān)聯(lián)詞而因果關(guān)系內(nèi)含的

13、并列分句1.After all, it did not matter much, because in 24 hours, they were going to be free.反正關(guān)系不大，二十四小時(shí)以后他們就要自由了。（語(yǔ)氣）2. He was not only surprised but, to start with, extremely suspicious, as he had every reason to be.他不但驚訝而且首先是十分懷疑，他這樣感覺(jué)是完全有理由的。27三、表示條件的狀語(yǔ)從句譯成表“條件”的分句譯成表“假設(shè)”的分句譯成表補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明情況的分句28譯成表“條件”的分句

14、It was better in case they were captured.要是把他們捉到了，那就更好了。29譯成表“假設(shè)”的分句If one of them collapsed, as they often did, the guide used to carry him over the mountains.如果其中一個(gè)人垮了，這種事時(shí)常在他們中間發(fā)生，向?qū)Ь鸵持^(guò)山。30譯成表補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明情況的分句后置You can drive tonight if you are ready.你今晚可以出車(chē)，如果你愿意的話。31四、表示讓步的狀語(yǔ)從句譯成表“讓步”的分句譯成表“無(wú)條件”的分句32

15、譯成表“讓步”的分句Although he seems hearty and outgoing in public, Mr. Cooks is a withdrawn, introverted man.雖然庫(kù)克先生在公共場(chǎng)合中是熱情而開(kāi)朗的，但他卻是一個(gè)孤僻的、性格內(nèi)向的人。33While I grant his honesty, I suspect his memory.雖然我對(duì)他的誠(chéng)實(shí)沒(méi)有疑義，但我對(duì)他的記憶力卻感到懷疑。34譯成表“無(wú)條件”的分句N(xiāo)o matter what misfortune befell him, he always squared his shoulders an

16、d said: “Never mind, Ill work harder.”不管他遭受什么不幸事兒，他總是把胸一挺，說(shuō)“沒(méi)關(guān)系，我再加把勁兒?！?5五、表示目的的狀語(yǔ)從句譯成表“目的”的前置分句譯成表“目的”的后置分句36譯成表“目的”的前置分句He pushed open the door gently and stole out of the room for fear that he should awake her.為了不驚醒她，他輕輕推開(kāi)房門(mén)，悄悄地溜了出去。為了，省得，免得，以免，以便，生怕等等37譯成表“目的”的后置分句The murderer ran away as fast

17、as he could, so that he might not be caught red-handed.兇手盡快地跑開(kāi)，以免被人當(dāng)場(chǎng)抓獲。38Within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract, the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price for the goods to the Seller by opening an irrevocable L/C for the full amount of USD 30,000 in favor of the Sel

18、ler through a bank at export point so that the Seller may draw the sum in due time.39If the technical documents are found lost, damaged or mutilated during air transportation, Party B shall supply Party A free of charge with a second set of the document, within the shortest possible time but not lat

19、er than thirty days after it has received from Party A the written notice.40定語(yǔ)從句的譯法411、英漢定語(yǔ)的比較英語(yǔ)：模式一 單詞定語(yǔ)+中心詞模式二 中心詞+短語(yǔ)or從句漢語(yǔ)：模式一 定語(yǔ)+中心詞42A stone buildingFaded flowersBoiling waterBoiled waterA gone caseThe risen sun模式一 單詞定語(yǔ)+中心詞一座石頭砌的大廈萎謝的花開(kāi)著的水開(kāi)水無(wú)可挽救的事升起了的太陽(yáng)43以-able, -ible 結(jié)尾的形容詞 This is the only re

20、ference book available here on the subject.This is the earliest edition obtainable. 修飾some, any, no, every 等詞構(gòu)成的不定代詞和名詞things, matters 的adj. There is nothing unexpected about it.模式二 中心詞+短語(yǔ)or從句44副詞 They live in the room above. 具有表語(yǔ)力量的形容詞 I am the happiest man alive.All the people present began to sho

21、ut: “Welcome!”模式二 中心詞+短語(yǔ)or從句45由連詞 “or”, “and”, “eitheror”, “both. and” 連接的定語(yǔ) Every nation, big or small, has its strong and weak points.短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)He suggested a method at once economical and practical.模式二 中心詞+短語(yǔ)or從句46 2.1 譯成定語(yǔ)前置法 2.2 譯成并列分句后置法 2.3 融合法譯成謂語(yǔ), 表語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)合并譯成主語(yǔ) 2.4 譯成原因、結(jié)果、讓步、目的、條件狀語(yǔ)從句。2、翻譯方法472.1

22、 譯成定語(yǔ)前置法譯成帶“的”的定語(yǔ)詞置于被修飾詞之前，復(fù)合句譯成漢語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單句。The people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him.在他手下工作的人對(duì)他怕得要死。482.2譯成并列分句后置法當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句較長(zhǎng)時(shí),將其譯成并列分句,放置于原來(lái)它所修飾詞的后面。先行詞可保留并在第二個(gè)分句中重復(fù)；亦可省略。49He managed to raise a crop of 200 miracle tomatoes that weighed up to two ponds each.他居然種出了二百個(gè)奇跡般的西紅柿，每個(gè)重達(dá)兩傍。It is he

23、who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.是他接到那封信，說(shuō)你的叔叔去世了502.3 融合法譯成謂語(yǔ), 表語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)合 并譯成主語(yǔ)“We are a nation that must beg to stay alive,” said a foreign economist.一位外國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家說(shuō)道，“我們這個(gè)國(guó)家不討飯就活不下去。”系表結(jié)構(gòu)There be 句型There is a man downstairs who wants to see you.樓下有人要見(jiàn)你。512.4 譯成原因、結(jié)果、讓步、目的、條 件狀

24、語(yǔ)從句In office, figures, lists and information are compiled which tell the managers or heads of the business what is happening in their shops or factoriesHe did not remember his father who died when he was three years old.（原因）他不記得他父親了, 因?yàn)樗赣H死時(shí)他才三歲。在辦公室里, 工作人員將各種數(shù)據(jù)、表格和信息加以匯編, 以便讓經(jīng)理或主管人員了解他們的商店或工廠目前正在發(fā)生

25、的情況。（目的）52They are striving for the ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.他們正在為實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)理想而努力，這個(gè)理想是每個(gè)中國(guó)人所珍愛(ài)的，在過(guò)去，許多中國(guó)人曾為了這個(gè)理想而犧牲了自己的生命。531) And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more

26、cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind. 習(xí)慣于多動(dòng)腦筋而不是少動(dòng)腦筋的人，在進(jìn)入老年以后，要比一個(gè)從來(lái)不積極動(dòng)腦子的人的認(rèn)知能力更為健全。542)The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. 每天，你感覺(jué)精力最充沛的時(shí)候正是你的體溫循環(huán)周期處在高峰的時(shí)刻。 553.A contrast is often made between business, whic

27、h is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. 人們經(jīng)常在商界和政界之間進(jìn)行一番對(duì)照：商界自由競(jìng)爭(zhēng)而政界壟斷專(zhuān)權(quán)。 564）In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition, which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. 1872年始，湯姆森領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了一次科學(xué)考察，考察活動(dòng)進(jìn)行了四年，從海洋中采集了成千上萬(wàn)的標(biāo)本。575）For every course that he follows

28、a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers.學(xué)生學(xué)的每門(mén)課程都會(huì)給一個(gè)成績(jī)并記入本人檔案，將來(lái)可以向雇主們出示。 586）Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion. 衣服盡管才穿了沒(méi)幾次，也因款式過(guò)時(shí) 而不得不擱置一邊。 591. 7）A

29、 resolution was passed on enforcing sanctions upon Iraq, which extends support to Kuwait in safeguarding its sovereignty.通過(guò)一項(xiàng)經(jīng)濟(jì)制裁伊拉克的決議，旨在支持科威特捍衛(wèi)自己的主權(quán) 。608）A serious earthquake took place in Los Angeles last week which caused heavy losses of property. 上周洛杉磯發(fā)生了強(qiáng)烈的地震，造成嚴(yán)重的財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。619）He made the sound of

30、 sympathy which comes so readily from those who have an independent income. 他發(fā)出了同情之聲，這種聲音是那些有獨(dú)立收入的人最容易脫口而出的。 621.10）Anyone who thinks that rational knowledge need not be derived from perceptual knowledge is an idealist.1.如果有人認(rèn)為理性認(rèn)識(shí)可以不從感性認(rèn)識(shí)得來(lái)，他就是一個(gè)唯心主義者。63Business is a combination of all these activi

31、ties: production, distribution and sale, through which profit or economic surplus will be created.商務(wù)是指生產(chǎn)、配送、銷(xiāo)售等一切活動(dòng)的組合，通過(guò)這些活動(dòng)，創(chuàng)造利潤(rùn)和經(jīng)濟(jì)盈余。64International trade transactions refer to the exportation of goods or services from one country to another, which is the importing country. （譯成同位語(yǔ)）國(guó)際貿(mào)易是指將商品或服務(wù)從一個(gè)

32、國(guó)家出口到另一個(gè)國(guó)家，即進(jìn)口的國(guó)家。65The Multilateral Agreement on Investment aims to achieve a situation where foreign investors are not discriminated against, but they are still subject to the same substantive laws and regulations that apply to domestic investors. （譯文將關(guān)系副詞譯成“境界”，在破折號(hào)后直接導(dǎo)出具體內(nèi)容。 ）多邊投資協(xié)定的目標(biāo)是要達(dá)到這樣一種境界

33、外國(guó)投資者不受歧視，但他們?nèi)院蛧?guó)內(nèi)投資者一樣接受同樣的基本法規(guī)的管制。66In addition to visible trade, which involves the importing and exporting of tangible goods, there is also invisible trade, which involves the exchange of services between nations. (譯成“的”字結(jié)構(gòu)，置于它所修飾的名詞前）除了這種進(jìn)出口商品的有形貿(mào)易以外，還有一種國(guó)與國(guó)之間進(jìn)行交換服務(wù)的無(wú)形貿(mào)易。671.This is an adjective

34、 which is used to modify the noun before it.2. There was something original in his thesis proposal ,which pleased the professors.他的論文方案富于創(chuàng)造性,所以使教授們很高興.(表結(jié)果)教授很欣賞他的論文方案中的一些原創(chuàng)的東西。683.Professor Wang ,who has a good command of several foreign languages ,is qualified to be an interpreter on that occasion

35、.王教授懂好幾種外語(yǔ),他有資格在那種場(chǎng)合擔(dān)任譯員.(表原因)能夠擔(dān)任那次翻譯工作的并精通幾門(mén)外語(yǔ)的人就是王教授。4. A serious earthquake took place in Los Angeles last week which caused heavy losses of property. 上周洛杉磯發(fā)生了強(qiáng)烈的地震，造成嚴(yán)重的財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。69It does not alter the fact that he is the man responsible for the delay.他不能改變?yōu)檠悠谪?fù)責(zé)的事實(shí)。他要對(duì)這次延誤負(fù)責(zé)是不符合事實(shí)的。They set him free when his ransom had not yet been paid.他還沒(méi)有交贖金，他們就把他釋放了。還沒(méi)有收到他的贖金，他就被放了。70主語(yǔ)從句的譯法：以 what, whatever, whoever 等代詞引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句翻譯時(shí)一般可按原文順序處理；以 it 作假主語(yǔ)引出的真主語(yǔ)從句，翻譯時(shí)可視情況提前，也可不提前。 1 What he told me was only half-truth. 他告訴我的 只是半真半假的東西而已。 2. Whatever he saw and heard on