1、精選優(yōu)質文檔-傾情為你奉上2012年同等學力英語沖刺練習及詳解（十三）閱讀理解：If there is one thing scientists have to hear，it is that the game is over. Raised on the belief of an endless voyage of discovery，they recoil（畏縮）from the suggestion that most of the best things have already been located. If they have，todays scientists can hope

2、 to contribute no more than a few grace notes to the symphony of science.A book to be published in Britain this week，The End of Science，argues persuasively that this is the case. Its author，John Horgan，is a senior writer for Scientific American magazine，who has interviewed many of todays leading sci

3、entists and science philosophers. The shock of realizing that science might be over came to him，he says，when he was talking to Oxford mathematician and physicist Sir Roger Penrose.The End of Science provoked a wave of denunciation（譴責）in the United States last year.“The reaction has been one of compl

4、ete shock and disbelief.”Mr. Horgan says.The real question is whether any remaining unsolved problems，of which there are plenty，lend themselves to universal solutions. If they do not，then the focus of scientific discovery is already narrowing. Since the triumphs of the 1960sthe genetic code，plate te

5、ctonics（板塊構造說），and the microwave background radiation that went a long way towards proving the Big Banggenuine scientific revolutions have been scarce. More scientists are now alive，spending more money on research，that ever. Yet most of the great discoveries of the 19th and 20th centuries were made

6、before the appearance of state sponsorship，when the scientific enterprise was a fraction of its present size.Were the scientists who made these discoveries brighter than todays？That seems unlikely. A far more reasonable explanation is that fundamental science has already entered a period of diminish

7、ed returns.“Look，dont get me wrong，”says Mr. Horgan.“There are lots of important things still to study，and applied science and engineering can go on for ever. I hope we get a cure for cancer，and for mental disease，though there are few real signs of progress.”NextPage66.The sentence“most of the best

8、things have already been located”could mean .A. most of the best things have already been changedB. most of the best things remain to be changedC. there have never been so many best things waiting to be discoveredD. most secrets of the world have already been discovered67.John Horgan . has published

9、 a book entitled The End of Science. has been working as an editor of Scientific American. has been working many years as a literary critic. is working as a science writerA. and B. onlyC. and D. ， and 68.There have not been many genuine scientific revolutions in the past few decades because .A. ther

10、e have been decreased returns in the research of fundamental scienceB. there are too many important things for scientists to studyC. applied science and engineering take up too much time and energyD. todays scientists are not as intelligent as those in the past69.The term“the Big Bang”probably refer

11、s to .A. the genetic code theoryB. a geological theoryC. a theory of the origin of the universeD. the origin and the power of atomic energy70.The best title of this passage can be .A. Great Scientific Discoveries Will Never Be PossibleB. The Harsh Challenge Has to Be Met by Modern ScientistsC. The S

12、tate Sponsorship and Scientific Enterprise Are All in VainD. The Chance for Great Scientific Discoveries Becomes ScarceNextPage答案解析：如果有一件事情科學家不愿意聽的話，那就是：游戲結束了。他們是在“科學探索永無止境”這樣的信念下成長的，大多數(shù)最好的東西已經(jīng)被發(fā)現(xiàn)了，這樣的暗示讓他們畏縮不前。如果這些東西已經(jīng)被發(fā)現(xiàn)了，那么今天的科學家能對科學的交響樂貢獻的只不過是幾個裝飾音符罷了。 本周在英國將要出版的一本書 科學的末日 令人信服地說，事實就是如此。該書的作者約翰&#

13、183;霍根是 科學的美國 雜志的一名高級撰稿人，采訪了許多當今科學界的領軍人物和自然科學哲學家。他說，當他同牛津大學的數(shù)學家、物理學家羅杰·潘羅斯爵士交談時，他意識到科學可能已經(jīng)終結了，這一意識令他感到震驚。 去年，科學的末日 在美國引起了一股譴責浪潮。霍根先生說，“人們的反應完全是震驚和懷疑”。 真正的問題是：是否存在大量尚未解決的問題需要科學家們去尋求普遍的解決方案。如果沒有，那么科學發(fā)現(xiàn)的核心就已經(jīng)縮小了。從20世紀60年代取得勝利以來如基因密碼、板塊構造說以及為證明大爆炸理論走了很長一段路的微波背景輻射，真正的科學革命已經(jīng)變少了。現(xiàn)在，更多的科學家還很積極，在科學研究上花費

14、了更多的金錢。然而，19世紀和20世紀的大多數(shù)偉大發(fā)現(xiàn)是在國家的提倡之前就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)的，那時的科學事業(yè)還只是現(xiàn)在規(guī)模的一個零頭。 創(chuàng)造了這些發(fā)明的科學家比現(xiàn)在的科學家聰明嗎？似乎不可能。一個更合理的解釋是：基礎科學已經(jīng)進入一個回報減少的時期?！白⒁?，不要誤會我的意思，”霍根先生說?！叭匀挥性S多重要的事情需要去研究，應用科學與工程科學可以永遠持續(xù)下去。我希望我們能夠找到治愈癌癥以及智障的方法，盡管似乎還沒有顯示出取得進展的跡象?！盢extPage66.【正確答案】D【考點類型】推理判斷題【解析過程】句子“most of the best things have already been locat

15、ed”的意思是 。A. 大多數(shù)最好的事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生了變化B. 大多數(shù)最好的事情可能會發(fā)生變化C. 從沒有這么多最好事情等待被發(fā)現(xiàn)D. 世界的大多數(shù)秘密已經(jīng)被發(fā)現(xiàn)線索：文章的第1段提到“Raised on the belief of an endless voyage of discovery，they recoil from the suggestion that most of the best things have already been located.”成長在“科學探索永無止境”這樣的信念下，大多數(shù)最好的東西已經(jīng)被發(fā)現(xiàn)了，這樣的暗示讓他們畏縮不前。此處，be located 作“被發(fā)

16、現(xiàn)”講，故選項D是正確的?！究键c提示】這個題主要是對locate這個詞在某一特殊語境的具體含義的考查。這就需要學生能夠在上下文的語境下推測判斷單詞的含義。這也是解決生詞或者單詞的其他含義的很好途徑。在語境中理解單詞，認識單詞。67.【正確答案】C【考點類型】邏輯推斷題【解析過程】約翰·霍根 。. 已經(jīng)出版了名為 科學的末日 一書. 一直在 科學美國 雜志社做編輯. 多年來一直從事文學批評. 現(xiàn)在是一名科學作家A 和BC 和D 、和線索：文章的第2段提到“A book to be published in Britain this week，The End of Science，arg

17、ues persuasively that this is the case. Its author，John Horgan，is a senior writer for Scientific American magazine，.”本周將要在英國出版的一本書 科學的末日，令人信服地說，事實就是如此。該書的作者約翰·霍根是 科學的美國 雜志的資深撰稿人，這里，提到了約翰·霍根的名為 科學的末日 這本書在這周被出版，而且他也是 科學的美國 雜志的一名資深撰稿人。這表明選項C是正確答案。【考點提示】這是一個邏輯推斷題，主要考查學生的邏輯推斷能力。要解決這個問題，就要吃透文章第2

18、段的內容，要學會從第2段中抽出這個題所需的主要內容。68.【正確答案】A【考點類型】推理判斷題【解析過程】在過去的幾十年內，沒有許多真正的科學革命是因為 。A. 在基礎科學研究方面的回報減少B. 科學家們的重要事情太多而無法作研究C. 實用科學和工程學占用了太多的時間和能量D. 現(xiàn)今的科學家沒有過去的科學家們智商高線索：文章的第5段提到“Were the scientists who made these discoveries brighter than todays？That seems unlikely. A far more reasonable explanation is that

19、 fundamental science has already entered a period of diminished returns.”難道當時做出這些發(fā)現(xiàn)的科學家比現(xiàn)在的科學家聰明嗎？似乎不可能。一個更合理的解釋是：基礎科學已經(jīng)進入回報減少的時期。這里diminished的意思是：減少，與decrease是近義詞。這表明選項A是正確答案?！究键c提示】這是推理判斷題，主要是考查學生的邏輯推理能力。在邏輯推理的同時也要把握關鍵詞如diminished的含義，這樣問題就解決了。69.【正確答案】C【考點類型】推理判斷題【解析過程】“大爆炸”這個詞語可能指的是 。A. 基因密碼理論B. 地

20、質學理論C. 宇宙起源理論D. 起源和原子能 線索：文章的第4段提到“Since the triumphs of the 1960sthe genetic code，plate teconics，and the microwave background radiation that went a long way towards proving the Big Bang. ”從20世紀60年代取得勝利（如：基因密碼、板塊構造說以及在證明大爆炸理論方面走了很長一段路的微波背景輻射）以來，這里“微波背景輻射”主要是對宇宙的研究。表明選項C是正確答案。【考點提示】這個題的題眼是對專業(yè)名詞“micro

21、wave background radiation”（微波背景輻射）的掌握。這個專業(yè)名詞需要一定的專業(yè)背景知識，難度在這里。70. 【正確答案】D【考點類型】主旨歸納題【解析過程】該文的最佳標題是 。A. 重大的科學發(fā)現(xiàn)將永遠不可能出現(xiàn)B. 現(xiàn)代科學家們一定遇到艱難的挑戰(zhàn)C. 政府支持和科學機構都是徒勞D. 重大科學發(fā)現(xiàn)的機會寥寥無幾線索1：文章的第1段提到“If there is one thing scientists have to hear，it is that the game is over.”如果有一件事情科學家不愿意聽的話，那就是：游戲結束了。線索2：文章的第2段提到“The

22、shock of realizing that science might be over came to him，he says，when he was talking to Oxford mathematician and physicist Sir Roger Penrose.”他說，當他和牛津大學的數(shù)學家兼物理學Roger Penrose交談時，讓他感到震驚的是：科學可能結束了。線索3：文章的第4段“Since the triumphs of the 1960sthe genetic code，plate tectonics（板塊構造說），and the microwave backg

23、round radiation that went a long way towards proving the Big Banggenuine scientific revolutions have been scarce.”從20世紀60年代取得勝利（如：基因密碼、板塊構造說以及在證明大爆炸理論方面走了很長一段路的微波背景輻射）以來，真正的科學革命已經(jīng)很少了。這些線索均表明選項D是正確答案?！究键c提示】這道題是考查大家的綜合歸納能力。在這里，大家要注意每段主要談的是什么，貫穿在文章中的是什么主題。NextPage閱讀理解：John Grisham was born on February

24、2，1955，in Jonesboro，Arkansas，in the USA. His father was a construction worker and moved his family all around the southern states of America，stopping wherever he could find work. Eventually they settled in Mississippi. Graduating from law school in 1981，Grisham practiced law for nearly a decade in S

25、outhaven，specializing in criminal defense and personal injury litigation（訴訟）. In 1983，he was elected to the state House of Representatives and served until 1990.One day at the Dessoto County courthouse，Grisham heard the horrifying testimony of a 12-year-old rape victim. He decided to write a novel e

26、xploring what would have happened if the girls father had murdered her attackers. He proceeded to get up every morning at 5 a.m. to work on the novel，called A Time to Kill，which was published in 1988. Grishams next novel，The Firm，was one of the biggest hits of 1991，spending 47 weeks on The New York

27、Times bestseller list. Grisham lives with his wife and two children，dividing their time between their Victorian home on a 67 acre farm in Mississippi and a 204 acre plantation near Charlottesville，Virginia. When hes not writing，Grisham devotes time to charitable causes，including mission trips with h

28、is church group. As a child he dreamt of becoming a professional baseball player，and now serves as the local Little League commissioner. He has built six ballfields on his property and hosts children from 26 Little League teams.NextPage46.John Grisham is at present.A. a writer B. a lawyerC. a profes

29、sional baseball player D. a congressman47.What inspired Grisham to write his first novel？A. A case of murder. B. A case of rape.C. His fathers experience.D. His life on the farm.48.The story of the novel A Time to Kill would probably focus on .A. how the girl was attackedB. the circumstances of the

30、rape C. how the girls father took revengeD. how the case of rape was settled49.Which of the following is NOT true of the novel The Firm？A. It was popular at the time of publication.B. It earned Grisham great fame.C. It brought Grisham wealth.D. It was carried by The New York Times as a series.50.It

31、can be inferred from the passage that Grisham has built ballfields on his property .A. to achieve his lifes goal as a professional baseball playerB. to coach children in baseball C. to see his childhood dream being realized in the childrenD. to provide facilities of baseball trainingNextPage答案解析：約翰&

32、#183;格雷斯?jié)h姆1955年2月2日出生于美國阿肯色州的瓊斯伯勒。他的父親是一名建筑工人，帶著他們全家輾轉于美國南部各州，在哪里能夠找到工作，他們全家就在哪里停留。最后，他們在密西西比定居了。1981年畢業(yè)于法學院后，約翰·格雷斯?jié)h姆在南阿旺從事了近十年的法律工作，主要從事刑事辯護和個人傷害訴訟業(yè)務。1983年，他被選舉為州參議院議員，一直任職到1990年。一天，在德索圖縣法院，約翰·格雷斯?jié)h姆聽到了一個年僅12歲的強奸受害者的駭人聽聞的證詞。他決定寫一本小說來探討如果受害女孩的父親殺死了強奸他女兒的罪犯將會發(fā)生什么。他開始每天早晨5點起床寫他的小說，小說名叫謀殺時刻，這

33、部小說于1988年出版。格雷斯?jié)h姆隨后出版的一部小說 公司 成為1991年最暢銷的小說之一，連續(xù)47周位列 紐約時報 暢銷書籍排行榜單之上。格雷斯?jié)h姆與他的妻子和兩個孩子住在一起，他們有時到他們在密西西比州的一個維多利亞風格的家里，這個房屋位于一個占地67英畝的農場里，有時他們又到弗吉尼亞州夏洛茨維爾附近的一個占地約204英畝的種植園散心。 格雷斯?jié)h姆不寫作的時候，便把大部分時間投入慈善事業(yè)上，包括同他的教會團體參加傳道旅行。他孩提時的夢想就是成為一名職業(yè)的棒球手，現(xiàn)在他是當?shù)匕羟蛐÷?lián)盟的專員。他在自己的土地上建造了六個棒球場地，并接納了26支小棒球聯(lián)盟的孩子們在那里進行訓練。NextPage

34、46.【正確答案】A【考點類型】細節(jié)推斷【解析過程】約翰格雷斯?jié)h姆目前是 。A. 一名作家B. 一名律師C. 一名專業(yè)的棒球運動員D. 一名參議員線索：文章的第2段提到約翰·格雷斯?jié)h姆放棄了律師工作，投身到寫作的工作中，表明選項A是正確答案。選項B和D的內容都是他以前想要做的工作，在文章的第1段明確提到了。選項C和原文的最后一段的內容不符合“As a child he dreamt of becoming a professional baseball player”表明他夢想成為一名棒球運動員。【考點提示】建議大家讀題干的時候一定要注意一些關鍵的細節(jié)，比如時間、地點。47.【正確答案】B【考點類型】細節(jié)判斷【解析過程】什么因素激發(fā)約翰·格雷斯?jié)h姆寫他的第一部小說？A. 一個謀殺案件。B. 一起強奸案件。C. 他父親的親身體驗。D. 他在農場的生活。線索：文章的第2段提到“Grisham heard the horrifying testimony of a 12-year-old rape victim.”表明