數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)課程設(shè)計(jì)報(bào)告一、訂票系統(tǒng)【需求分析】本訂票系統(tǒng)要能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)航班情況的錄入功能、航班的查詢功能、訂票功能、退票功能以及管理本系統(tǒng)的功能即能夠修改航班信息。具體分析如下1、錄入功能可以錄入航班信息，如錄入航班號(hào)，到達(dá)城市，起飛時(shí)間，飛機(jī)票數(shù)，票價(jià)。2、查詢功能可以查詢航班的各項(xiàng)信息，如可以查詢起降時(shí)間，起飛抵達(dá)城市，航班票價(jià)，確定航班是否滿倉(cāng)，航班號(hào)。3、訂票功能可以訂票并且記錄下乘客的相關(guān)信息如記錄下乘客姓名，身份證號(hào)碼，所訂航班的航班號(hào)以及所訂的票數(shù)。4、退票功能可以退票并且記錄乘客的相關(guān)信息以及退票信息。5、修改功能可以根據(jù)需要由管理員對(duì)航班信息進(jìn)行修改更正?！靖乓O(shè)計(jì)】1、算法設(shè)計(jì)每個(gè)模塊的算法設(shè)計(jì)說(shuō)明如下（1）錄入模塊查找單鏈表的鏈尾，在鏈尾插入一個(gè)“航班信息”的新結(jié)點(diǎn)。（2）查詢模塊提供兩種查方式按航號(hào)和按航線查詢，1代表按航號(hào)查詢，2代表按航線查詢。0則表示退出查詢。順著單鏈表查找，如果與航班號(hào)（航線）一致，輸出相關(guān)信息，否則，查詢不成功。（3）訂票模塊查找乘客要訂的航班號(hào)，判斷此航班是否有空位，有則輸入乘客有關(guān)信息，訂票成功，否則失敗。（4）退票模塊輸入要退票的乘客姓名以及證件號(hào)碼，查找乘客資料的鏈表中是否有這位乘客，有則刪去此結(jié)點(diǎn)，并在空位加上1，無(wú)則退票失敗。（5）修改模塊輸入密碼，確認(rèn)是否有權(quán)限對(duì)航班信息進(jìn)行修改，有則在航班信息鏈表中查找要修改的結(jié)點(diǎn)，進(jìn)行修改，否則不能修改。2存儲(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)（1）航班的信息為了便于查找和修改，航班的情況存儲(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)采用單鏈表，每個(gè)元素表示一個(gè)航班的情況，包括航班號(hào)、起飛達(dá)到的時(shí)間、空座和目的的、票價(jià)以及限座七個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)項(xiàng)航班號(hào)起飛時(shí)間達(dá)到時(shí)間目的地限座空座票價(jià)單鏈表如下HD1D2D3每個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)包括數(shù)據(jù)域和指針域數(shù)據(jù)域指針域C語(yǔ)言描述如下TYPEDEFSTRUCTFLIGHTNODECHARAIR_NUM10/航班號(hào)/CHARSTART_TIME15/起飛時(shí)間/CHAREND_TIME15/到達(dá)時(shí)間/CHAREND_PLACE30/目的地/INTTOTAL/限座/INTLEFT/空座/INTPRICE/票價(jià)/STRUCTFLIGHTNODENEXT/指向個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)/FLIGHTNODE（2）旅客的資料為了便于插入、刪除和修改，其采用單鏈表存儲(chǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，每個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)元素包括姓名、證件號(hào)碼、航班號(hào)和座位號(hào)四個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)項(xiàng)旅客姓名證件號(hào)碼航班號(hào)座位號(hào)每個(gè)結(jié)點(diǎn)包括數(shù)據(jù)域和指針域數(shù)據(jù)域指針域C語(yǔ)言描述如下TYPEDEFSTRUCTPASSENGERNODE/定義乘客資料結(jié)點(diǎn)/CHARNAME20CHARID_NUM20CHARAIR_NUM20INTSEAT_NUMSTRUCTPASSENGERNODENEXTPASSENGERNODE【詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)】本系統(tǒng)源程序如下INCLUDELTSTDIOHGTINCLUDELTSTDLIBHGTDEFINEOK1DEFINEERROR0TYPEDEFSTRUCTFLIGHTNODE/定義航班信息結(jié)點(diǎn)/CHARAIR_NUM10CHARSTART_TIME15CHAREND_TIME15CHAREND_PLACE30INTTOTALINTLEFTINTPRICESTRUCTFLIGHTNODENEXTFLIGHTNODETYPEDEFSTRUCTPASSENGERNODE/定義乘客資料結(jié)點(diǎn)/CHARNAME20CHARID_NUM20CHARAIR_NUM20INTSEAT_NUMSTRUCTPASSENGERNODENEXTPASSENGERNODEFLIGHTNODEHEAD_FLIGHT/生成航班信息的頭結(jié)點(diǎn)/PASSENGERNODEHEAD_PASSENGER/生成乘客資料的頭結(jié)點(diǎn)/INTCREATFLIGHTFLIGHTNODEL/生成航班信息鏈表/INTCREATPASSENGERPASSENGERNODEL/生成乘客資料鏈表/INTINSERTFLIGHTFLIGHTNODEPCHARAIR_NUMCHARSTART_TIMECHAREND_PLACEINTTOTALINTLEFTINTPRICE/插入航班信息的結(jié)點(diǎn)/INTINSERTPASSENGERPASSENGERNODEPCHARNAMECHARID_NUMCHARAIR_NUMINTSEAT_NUM/插入乘客資料的結(jié)點(diǎn)/FLIGHTNODEMODEFY_AIRLINEFLIGHTNODELCHARAIR_NUM/修改航班信息的函數(shù)/INTBOOKTICKETFLIGHTNODEACHARAIR_NUMPASSENGERNODECCHARNAMECHARID_NUM/訂票函數(shù)/INTCANCELTICKETPASSENGERNODECFLIGHTNODELCHARNAMECHARID_NUM/退票函數(shù)/INTSEARCHFLIGHTFLIGHTNODEHEAD/查詢航班信息函數(shù)/INTSEARCHPASSENGERPASSENGERNODEHEAD/查詢乘客信息函數(shù)/VOIDMAIN/主函數(shù)/INTP2/P1時(shí)進(jìn)入主菜單，P0時(shí)退出系統(tǒng)/PASSENGERNODECUSHEAD_PASSENGERFLIGHTNODEAIRHEAD_FLIGHTCHARNAME20AIR_NUM20ID_NUM30MIMA20CHCHART20QUOTZHENGJIANZEQUOT/管理員密碼/CLRSCRCREATFLIGHTAMPAIRCREATPASSENGERAMPCUSWHILEP2PRINTFQUOTNWELCOMETOTHEAIRLINESYSTEMNNPLEASECHOOSETHESERVESBELOWANDPRESSTHENUMBERNNQUOTPRINTFQUOTNNQUOTPRINTFQUOT1GTBOOKTICKETNQUOTPRINTFQUOT2GTCANCELTICKETNQUOTPRINTFQUOT3GTSEARCHINFORMATIONNQUOTPRINTFQUOT4GTEXITNNQUOTPRINTFQUOTNQUOTSWITCHCHGETCHCASE1PRINTFQUOTNBOOKINGTICKETNQUOT/進(jìn)入訂票功能/PRINTFQUOTPLEASEINPUTAAIRLINENUMBERANDPRESSENTERFOROKQUOTSCANFQUOTSQUOTAIR_NUMPRINTFQUOTPLEASEINPUTYOURNAMEANDPRESSENTERFOROKQUOTSCANFQUOTSQUOTNAMEPRINTFQUOTPLEASEINPUTYOURIDNUMBERANDPRESSENTERFOROKQUOTSCANFQUOTSQUOTID_NUMBOOKTICKETAIRAIR_NUMCUSNAMEID_NUMGETCHBREAKCASE2PRINTFQUOTCANCELINGTICKETNQUOT/進(jìn)入退票功能/PRINTFQUOTPLEASEINPUTTHECANCELNAMEFORBOOKINGTICKETQUOTSCANFQUOTSQUOTNAMEPRINTFQUOTPLEASEINPUTTHEIDFORBOOKINGTICKETQUOTSCANFQUOTSQUOTID_NUMCANCELTICKETCUSAIRNAMEID_NUMBREAKCASE3PRINTFQUOTSEARCHINFORMATIONNQUOT/進(jìn)入信息查詢功能/PRINTFQUOT1GTFLIGHTINFORMATIONNQUOTPRINTFQUOT2GTPASSENGERINFORMATIONNQUOTPRINTFQUOTOTHERGTEXITNQUOTPRINTFQUOTNQUOTIFCHGETCH1/航班信息查詢/PRINTFQUOTFLIGHTINFORMATIONNQUOTSEARCHFLIGHTAIRELSEIFCH2/乘客資料查詢/PRINTFQUOTNPLEASEINPUTTHEKEYQUOTSCANFQUOTSQUOTMIMA/輸入管理員密碼/IFSTRCMPMIMAT0PRINTFQUOTNPASSENGERINFORMATIONNNQUOTSEARCHPASSENGERCUSELSEPRINTFQUOTSORRYTHEKEYISWRONGQUOTGETCHBREAKCASE4GETCH/退出系統(tǒng)/P0BREAKFLIGHTNODEHEAD_FLIGHTFLIGHTNODEAAFLIGHTNODEMALLOCSIZEOFFLIGHTNODEIFANULLAGTNEXTNULLRETURNAPASSENGERNODEHEAD_PASSENGERPASSENGERNODECCPASSENGERNODEMALLOCSIZEOFPASSENGERNODEIFCNULLCGTNEXTNULLRETURNCINTCREATFLIGHTFLIGHTNODELFLIGHTNODEPLINTI0CHARAIR_NUM3QUOTFLIGHT01QUOTQUOTFLIGHT02QUOTQUOTFLIGHT03QUOTCHARSTART_TIME3QUOT0800QUOTQUOT1200QUOTQUOT1630QUOTCHAREND_PLACE3QUOTGUANGZHOUQUOTQUOTSHENZHENQUOTQUOTSHANTOUQUOT/初始化航班信息/INTTOTAL3100100100INTPRICE3300200250INTLEFT3235476FORI0ILT3IINSERTFLIGHTAMPPAIR_NUMISTART_TIMEIEND_PLACEITOTALILEFTIPRICEI/插入航班信息/RETURNOKINTCREATPASSENGERPASSENGERNODELPASSENGERNODEPLINTI0CHARNAME3QUOTLIMINGQUOTQUOTXIMINGQUOTQUOTCHONGLIANGQUOTCHARID_NUM3QUOT3105006052QUOTQUOT3105006054QUOTQUOT3105006051QUOT/初始化乘客資料/CHARAIR_NUM3QUOTFLIGHT01QUOTQUOTFLIGHT02QUOTQUOTFLIGHT03QUOTINTSEAT_NUM31258FORI0ILT3IINSERTPASSENGERAMPPNAMEIID_NUMIAIR_NUMISEAT_NUMI/插入乘客資料/RETURNOKINTINSERTFLIGHTFLIGHTNODEPCHARAIR_NUMCHARSTART_TIMECHAREND_PLACEINTTOTALINTLEFTINTPRICEFLIGHTNODEQQFLIGHTNODEMALLOCSIZEOFFLIGHTNODESTRCPYQGTAIR_NUMAIR_NUMSTRCPYQGTSTART_TIMESTART_TIMESTRCPYQGTEND_PLACEEND_PLACEQGTTOTALTOTALQGTLEFTLEFTQGTPRICEPRICEQGTNEXTNULLPGTNEXTQPPGTNEXT/航班信息鏈的尾插法/RETURNOKINTINSERTPASSENGERPASSENGERNODEPCHARNAMECHARID_NUMCHARAIR_NUMINTSEAT_NUMPASSENGERNODEQQPASSENGERNODEMALLOCSIZEOFPASSENGERNODESTRCPYQGTNAMENAMESTRCPYQGTID_NUMID_NUMSTRCPYQGTAIR_NUMAIR_NUMQGTSEAT_NUMSEAT_NUMQGTNEXTNULLPGTNEXTQPPGTNEXT/乘客資料鏈表的尾插法/RETURNOKFLIGHTNODEMODEFY_AIRLINEFLIGHTNODELCHARAIR_NUMFLIGHTNODEPPLGTNEXTFORPNULLPPGTNEXTIFSTRCMPAIR_NUMPGTAIR_NUM0PGTLEFTRETURNLPRINTFQUOTNOTHEAIRLINEQUOTRETURN0INTBOOKTICKETFLIGHTNODEACHARAIR_NUMPASSENGERNODECCHARNAMECHARID_NUMFLIGHTNODEPAPASSENGERNODEQCGTNEXTPAGTNEXTFORQGTNEXTNULLQQGTNEXTFORPNULLPPGTNEXTIFSTRCMPPGTAIR_NUMAIR_NUM0IFPGTLEFTGT0PRINTFQUOTNSUCCESSFULFORBOOKINGTICKETNNYOURFLIGHTSNYOURSEATNUMBERDQUOTPGTAIR_NUMPGTTOTALPGTLEFT1PRINTFQUOTNQUOTINSERTPASSENGERAMPQNAMEID_NUMAIR_NUMPGTTOTALPGTLEFT1PGTLEFTRETURNOKELSEPRINTFQUOTSEATISFULLQUOTRETURN0/IFSTRCMP/PRINTFQUOTSORRYTHEREISNTTHEPLANEPLEASECHECKTHEAIRLINENUMBERQUOTPRINTFQUOTNQUOTINTCANCELTICKETPASSENGERNODECFLIGHTNODELCHARNAMECHARID_NUMPASSENGERNODEPPRCHARAIR_NUM20PRCPPRGTNEXTWHILEPNULLIFSTRCMPPGTNAMENAME0AMPAMPSTRCMPPGTID_NUMID_NUM0STRCPYAIR_NUMPGTAIR_NUMLMODEFY_AIRLINELAIR_NUMPRGTNEXTPGTNEXTPPRGTNEXTPRINTFQUOTSUCCESSFULFORCANCELINGTICKETQUOTPRINTFQUOTNQUOTRETURNOKPRPRGTNEXTPPRGTNEXTPRINTFQUOTSORRYTHEREISNTTHECUSTOMERQUOTPRINTFQUOTNQUOTRETURNERRORINTSEARCHFLIGHTFLIGHTNODEHEADFLIGHTNODEPHEADGTNEXTPRINTFQUOTFLIGHTSTART_TIMEARRIVAL_PLACEPRICETOTALLEFT_SEATNNQUOTFORPNULLPPGTNEXTPRINTFQUOTS10S9S7D6D6DNQUOTPGTAIR_NUMPGTSTART_TIMEPGTEND_PLACEPGTPRICEPGTTOTALPGTLEFTPRINTFQUOTNQUOTPRINTFQUOTNNQUOTRETURNOKINTSEARCHPASSENGERPASSENGERNODEHEADSTRUCTPASSENGERNODEQHEADGTNEXTPRINTFQUOTNAMEIDFLIGHTSEAT_NUMBERNNQUOTFORQNULLQQGTNEXTPRINTFQUOT12S8S5SDNQUOTQGTNAMEQGTID_NUMQGTAIR_NUMQGTSEAT_NUMPRINTFQUOTNQUOTPRINTFQUOTNQUOTRETURNOK【調(diào)試分析】1、調(diào)試結(jié)果（1）系統(tǒng)主菜單界面（2）進(jìn)入訂票的界面（3）查詢信息的界面選擇1，查詢航班信息的界面選擇2，輸入密碼，查詢乘客的信息的界面新增乘客，查詢乘客信息密碼錯(cuò)誤時(shí)（4）進(jìn)入退票的界面名字或者證件錯(cuò)誤時(shí)2、時(shí)間復(fù)雜度分析本程序運(yùn)行所耗費(fèi)的時(shí)間主要在于循環(huán)語(yǔ)句，和WHILE語(yǔ)句，F(xiàn)OR（N）其時(shí)間復(fù)雜度應(yīng)該為O。3、模塊設(shè)計(jì)和調(diào)試時(shí)存在問(wèn)題的思考原先在信息查詢中沒(méi)有乘客與管理人員的區(qū)別，乘客與管理人員都可以看到相同的信息，航班信息和乘客資料，后來(lái)，在瀏覽乘客資料時(shí)要求輸入管理人員的密碼，以確保乘客資料的安全性。4、算法的改進(jìn)設(shè)想本程序還存在很多缺點(diǎn)，不能完全的實(shí)現(xiàn)老師要求的各種功能，特別是在查詢功能方面，此程序應(yīng)該增加一些查詢的方式的設(shè)計(jì)，如可以按照終點(diǎn)地查詢等。調(diào)整后在VC60中的運(yùn)行/飛機(jī)售票系統(tǒng)CPPDEFINESTHEENTRYPOINTFORTHECONSOLEAPPLICATION/INCLUDEQUOTSTDAFXHQUOTINCLUDELTSTDIOHGTINCLUDELTSTDLIBHGTINCLUDELTSTRINGHGTINCLUDELTWINDOWSHGTDEFINEOK1DEFINEERROR0TYPEDEFSTRUCTFLIGHTNODE/定義航班信息結(jié)點(diǎn)/CHARAIR_NUM10CHARSTART_TIME15CHAREND_TIME15CHAREND_PLACE30INTTOTALINTLEFTINTPRICESTRUCTFLIGHTNODENEXTFLIGHTNODETYPEDEFSTRUCTPASSENGERNODE/定義乘客資料結(jié)點(diǎn)/CHARNAME20CHARID_NUM20CHARAIR_NUM20INTSEAT_NUMSTRUCTPASSENGERNODENEXTPASSENGERNODEFLIGHTNODEHEAD_FLIGHT/生成航班信息的頭結(jié)點(diǎn)/PASSENGERNODEHEAD_PASSENGER/生成乘客資料的頭結(jié)點(diǎn)/INTCREATFLIGHTFLIGHTNODEL/生成航班信息鏈表/INTCREATPASSENGERPASSENGERNODEL/生成乘客資料鏈表/INTINSERTFLIGHTFLIGHTNODEPCHARAIR_NUMCHARSTART_TIMECHAREND_PLACEINTTOTALINTLEFTINTPRICE/插入航班信息的結(jié)點(diǎn)/INTINSERTPASSENGERPASSENGERNODEPCHARNAMECHARID_NUMCHARAIR_NUMINTSEAT_NUM/插入乘客資料的結(jié)點(diǎn)/FLIGHTNODEMODEFY_AIRLINEFLIGHTNODELCHARAIR_NUM/修改航班信息的函數(shù)/INTBOOKTICKETFLIGHTNODEACHARAIR_NUMPASSENGERNODECCHARNAMECHARID_NUM/訂票函數(shù)/INTCANCELTICKETPASSENGERNODECFLIGHTNODELCHARNAMECHARID_NUM/退票函數(shù)/INTSEARCHFLIGHTFLIGHTNODEHEAD/查詢航班信息函數(shù)/INTSEARCHPASSENGERPASSENGERNODEHEAD/查詢乘客信息函數(shù)/VOIDMAIN/主函數(shù)/INTP2/P1時(shí)進(jìn)入主菜單，P0時(shí)退出系統(tǒng)/PASSENGERNODECUSHEAD_PASSENGERFLIGHTNODEAIRHEAD_FLIGHTCHARNAME20AIR_NUM20ID_NUM30MIMA20CHCHART20QUOTTIANDINGHAOQUOT/管理員密碼/SYSTEMQUOTCLSQUOTCREATFLIGHTAMPAIRCREATPASSENGERAMPCUSWHILEP2PRINTFQUOTNTTT歡迎來(lái)到航空系統(tǒng)TNNTTT請(qǐng)選擇下面的服務(wù)項(xiàng)NNQUOTPRINTFQUOTNNQUOTPRINTFQUOT1GT預(yù)定機(jī)票NQUOTPRINTFQUOT2GT退票NQUOTPRINTFQUOT3GT查詢信息NQUOTPRINTFQUOT4GT退出NNQUOTPRINTFQUOTNQUOTSWITCHCHGETCHARCASE1PRINTFQUOTN預(yù)定機(jī)票NQUOT/進(jìn)入訂票功能/PRINTFQUOT請(qǐng)輸入航班號(hào)，按回車鍵就好了QUOTSCANFQUOTSQUOTAIR_NUMPRINTFQUOT請(qǐng)輸入您的姓名，然后按回車就好了QUOTSCANFQUOTSQUOTNAMEPRINTFQUOT請(qǐng)輸入你的身份證號(hào)碼，然后按回車就好了QUOTSCANFQUOTSQUOTID_NUMBOOKTICKETAIRAIR_NUMCUSNAMEID_NUMGETCHARBREAKCASE2PRINTFQUOT退票NQUOT/進(jìn)入退票功能/PRINTFQUOT請(qǐng)輸入取消預(yù)訂車票的名稱QUOTSCANFQUOTSQUOTNAMEPRINTFQUOTPLEASEINPUTTHEIDFORBOOKINGTICKETQUOTSCANFQUOTSQUOTID_NUMCANCELTICKETCUSAIRNAMEID_NUMBREAKCASE3PRINTFQUOT查詢信息NQUOT/進(jìn)入信息查詢功能/PRINTFQUOT1GTFLIGHTINFORMATIONNQUOTPRINTFQUOT2GTPASSENGERINFORMATIONNQUOTPRINTFQUOTOTHERGTEXITNQUOTPRINTFQUOTNQUOTIFCHGETCHAR1/航班信息查詢/PRINTFQUOT航班信息NQUOTSEARCHFLIGHTAIRELSEIFCH2/乘客資料查詢/PRINTFQUOTN請(qǐng)輸入密碼QUOTSCANFQUOTSQUOTMIMA/輸入管理員密碼/IFSTRCMPMIMAT0PRINTFQUOTN乘客信息NNQUOTSEARCHPASSENGERCUSELSEPRINTFQUOT對(duì)不起，這條是錯(cuò)誤的QUOTGETCHARBREAKCASE4GETCHAR/退出系統(tǒng)/P0BREAKFLIGHTNODEHEAD_FLIGHTFLIGHTNODEAAFLIGHTNODEMALLOCSIZEOFFLIGHTNODEIFANULLAGTNEXTNULLRETURNAPASSENGERNODEHEAD_PASSENGERPASSENGERNODECCPASSENGERNODEMALLOCSIZEOFPASSENGERNODEI