2025年考研英語（一）英語語法重點難點解析試卷，語法精通考試時間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______模擬試卷directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Choosethebestword(s)orphrase(s)tocompletethesentence.MarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Thehumanbrainisanincrediblycomplexorgan,capableofstoringvastamountsofinformationandperforminganastonishingarrayoffunctions.Itcontrolsourmovements,processesourthoughts,andallowsustoexperiencetheworldaroundusthroughoursenses.Whilescientistshavemadesignificantprogressinunderstandingitsworkings,thebrainremainslargelyamystery.Oneofthemostfascinatingaspectsofthebrainisitscapacityformemory.Memoriesarenotstoredlikefilesonacomputer;rather,theyarebelievedtobeencodedthroughchangesinthestrengthofconnectionsbetweenneurons,aprocessknownassynapticplasticity.Theseconnections,orsynapses,arewhereneuronscommunicatewitheachother.Whenwelearnsomethingneworhaveanexperience,certainneuronsfiretogether,strengtheningthesynapticbondsthatconnectthem.Thisprocesscanbeinfluencedbyvariousfactors,includingtheintensityoftheexperience,therepetitionoftheinformation,andevenouremotions.Overtime,thesestrengthenedconnectionsbecomethephysicalbasisforourmemories.However,thebrainisnotjustapassiverepositoryofinformation;itisalsoanactiveorganthatconstantlymodifiesitsconnections.Thisabilitytochange,knownasneuroplasticity,allowsthebraintoadapttonewexperiences,learnnewskills,andrecoverfrominjury.Forinstance,ifapersonlosesfunctioninonepartofthebodyduetoaninjury,thebraincansometimesreorganizeitselftocompensatefortheloss,reroutingneuralpathwaystorestorefunctioninotherareas.Thisremarkableadaptabilityhighlightsthebrain'sdynamicnature.Neuroplasticityisnotlimitedtoearlydevelopment;itcontinuesthroughoutourentirelives,enablingustoacquirenewknowledgeandadapttochangingcircumstances.Thislifelongpotentialforchangeunderscorestheimportanceofcontinuouslearningandmentalstimulation.Understandinghowmemoriesareformedandhowthebrainadaptsiscrucialforadvancingourknowledgeofcognitiveprocesses.Italsohassignificantimplicationsforeducation,medicine,andouroverallwell-being.Bygainingdeeperinsightsintothebrain'smechanisms,wemaybeabletodevelopmoreeffectivestrategiesforlearning,treatingneurologicaldisorders,andenhancingcognitivefunctioninthefuture.Researchinthisfieldcontinuestorevealthebrain'sintricatearchitectureandthedelicatebalanceofprocessesthatallowustothink,remember,andnavigatetheworld.1.Theword"astounding"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.2.Accordingtothepassage,memoriesarestoredinthebrainthrough______.3.Thepassagesuggeststhattheintensityofanexperiencecan______.4.Thephrase"neuralpathways"inthethirdparagraphrefersto______.5.Accordingtothepassage,neuroplasticityallowsthebrainto______.6.Theword"compensate"inthethirdparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.7.Thepassagestatesthatneuroplasticityis______.8.Theword"intricate"inthefinalparagraphisclosestinmeaningto______.9.Thepassageimpliesthatunderstandingthebrain'smechanismscouldleadto______.10.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?directions:Readthefollowingpassagecarefullyandwriteacompositionofabout160-200wordsonthetopicgivenbelow.Yourcompositionshouldbebasedontheinformationprovidedinthepassageandshouldstartwiththefirstsentence,"Inrecentyears,theimportanceofmentalhealthhasgainedwidespreadrecognition."Donotwriteanypersonalinformationinyourcomposition.WriteyourcompositiononAnswerSheet2.Inrecentyears,theimportanceofmentalhealthhasgainedwidespreadrecognition.Whilephysicalhealthhasalwaysbeenapriority,mentalwell-beingisnowincreasinglyunderstoodasessentialforafulfillinglife.Thisshiftinperspectiveispartlyduetothehighprevalenceofmentalhealthissuessuchasanxietyanddepressioninsociety.Manyfactorscontributetothesechallenges,includingthepressuresofmodernlife,socialisolation,andtheconstantconnectivityprovidedbydigitaltechnology.Thegoodnewsisthatthereareeffectivestrategiesformaintainingandimprovingmentalhealth.Theseincludepracticingmindfulnessandrelaxationtechniques,engaginginregularphysicalactivity,maintainingstrongsocialconnections,andseekingprofessionalhelpwhenneeded.Mindfulness,forinstance,involvesfocusingonthepresentmomentwithoutjudgment,whichcanhelpreducestressandanxiety.Physicalactivityhasalsobeenshowntoreleaseendorphins,chemicalsinthebrainthatactasnaturalmoodlifters.Buildingandmaintainingasupportivenetworkoffamilyandfriendsprovidesacrucialbufferagainstmentalhealthdifficulties.Furthermore,acknowledgingthatseekinghelpisasignofstrengthandaccessingtherapyorcounselingcanmakeasignificantdifferenceinmanagingmentalhealthconditions.Itisalsoimportantforcommunitiesandworkplacestofosterenvironmentsthatsupportmentalwell-being.Bypromotingawareness,reducingstigma,andprovidingresources,wecancreateasocietywhereeveryoneprioritizesandnurturestheirmentalhealth.directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheet2.TheEnglishlanguage,withitsglobalreachandrichhistory,servesasabridgeconnectingdiverseculturesandfacilitatinginternationalcommunication.However,masteringitrequiresmorethanjustmemorizingvocabularyandgrammarrules.Itdemandsactiveengagement,consistentpractice,andawillingnesstoimmerseoneselfinthelanguageenvironment.Readingextensively,listeningtonativespeakers,andattemptingtouseEnglishinreal-lifesituationsareallcrucialcomponentsofthisprocess.Furthermore,understandingtheculturalnuancesembeddedwithinthelanguageisessentialforeffectivecommunication.Awordorphrasemighthaveastraightforwardmeaninginoneculturebutcarryacompletelydifferent,sometimesnegative,connotationinanother.Therefore,learnersmustbesensitivetothesesubtletiesandstriveforculturalcompetencealongsidelinguisticproficiency.OnlybyintegratinglanguagestudywithculturalunderstandingcanonetrulybecomeaproficientandconfidentuserofEnglish,capableofnavigatingthecomplexitiesofglobalinteractionwithfinesseandrespect.試卷答案1.amazing2.changesinthestrengthofconnectionsbetweenneurons(or:synapticplasticity)3.strengthensynapticbonds4.routesofcommunicationbetweenneurons5.adapttonewexperiences,learnnewskills,andrecoverfrominjury6.makeupforaloss7.limitedthroughoutourentirelives(or:continuesthroughoutourentirelives)8.complexanddetailed9.developingmoreeffectivestrategiesforlearning,treatingneurologicaldisorders,andenhancingcognitivefunction10.Thepassagemainlydiscusseshowthehumanbrainformsmemoriesandadapts,highlightingtheimportanceofunderstandingtheseprocessesforcognitivefunctionandwell-being.解析1.解析思路：題目要求找出與"astounding"最接近的意思。根據(jù)上下文，"astounding"用來修飾"arrayoffunctions"（一系列功能），指出大腦能執(zhí)行的功能是驚人的、令人驚訝的。選項"amazing"意為“驚人的，令人驚嘆的”，與"astounding"的含義最為接近。2.解析思路：題目要求根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，找出記憶在大腦中是如何存儲的。定位到第一段關(guān)于記憶部分的描述，明確指出“Memoriesarenotstoredlikefiles...rather,theyarebelievedtobeencodedthroughchangesinthestrengthofconnectionsbetweenneurons,aprocessknownassynapticplasticity.”這說明記憶是通過神經(jīng)元之間連接強(qiáng)度的變化來編碼存儲的，即突觸可塑性。3.解析思路：題目要求根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，說明經(jīng)歷的強(qiáng)度可以做什么。定位到第二段，“Thisprocess[synapticplasticity]canbeinfluencedbyvariousfactors,includingtheintensityoftheexperience...”這表明經(jīng)歷的強(qiáng)度是影響（突觸連接強(qiáng)度變化）即記憶編碼過程的因素之一。文中提到“strengtheningthesynapticbondsthatconnectthem”，因此經(jīng)歷的強(qiáng)度可以加強(qiáng)這些連接。4.解析思路：題目要求解釋短語"neuralpathways"的指代。定位到第三段，“Ifapersonlosesfunction...thebraincansometimesreorganizeitselftocompensatefortheloss,reroutingneuralpathwaystorestorefunction...”結(jié)合上下文，這里的"neuralpathways"指的是大腦中神經(jīng)元之間傳遞信息的通道或路線，即神經(jīng)通路。5.解析思路：題目要求根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，說明神經(jīng)可塑性允許大腦做什么。定位到第三段，“Thisabilitytochange,knownasneuroplasticity,allowsthebraintoadapttonewexperiences,learnnewskills,andrecoverfrominjury.”這直接說明了神經(jīng)可塑性的能力，即允許大腦適應(yīng)新經(jīng)歷、學(xué)習(xí)新技能、從損傷中恢復(fù)。6.解析思路：題目要求找出"compensate"最接近的意思。定位到第三段，“reroutingneuralpathwaystorestorefunctioninotherareas...Forinstance,ifapersonlosesfunction...thebraincansometimesreorganizeitselftocompensatefortheloss...”結(jié)合上下文，"compensatefortheloss"指的是通過重新路由神經(jīng)通路或其他方式來彌補(bǔ)失去的功能，即彌補(bǔ)損失。7.解析思路：題目要求說明神經(jīng)可塑性是什么。定位到第三段末尾，“Neuroplasticityisnotlimitedtoearlydevelopment;itcontinuesthroughoutourentirelives...”