2025年考研英語(yǔ)（二）閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)試卷：長(zhǎng)篇閱讀與詞匯技巧考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______PartADirections:Inthepassagebelow,eachsentenceisfollowedbyfourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoicetocompletethepassage.Therapidgrowthoftheinternetandsocialmediahasfundamentallyalteredhowpeopleconsumeinformationandinteractwithoneanother.However,thisshifthasalsogivenrisetoanumberofchallenges,nottheleastofwhichisthespreadofmisinformation.Misinformation,whichisoftenspreadintentionallytodeceive,canhaveseriousconsequences,particularlyinareassuchaspublichealthandpolitics.Whilesomemisinformationiseasilyidentifiableasfalse,muchofitispresentedinawaythatmakesitdifficulttodistinguishfromlegitimateinformation.Thiscanleadpeopletoformincorrectbeliefsbasedonfaultyinformation.Thesheervolumeofinformationavailableonlinecanalsomakeitdifficulttodeterminewhatistrueandwhatisfalse.Furthermore,thealgorithmsthatpowersocialmediaplatformsoftenprioritizecontentthatgeneratesengagement,regardlessofwhetheritisaccurate.Thiscancreateechochamberswherepeopleareonlyexposedtoinformationthatconfirmstheirexistingbeliefs,furtherreinforcingtheirmisconceptions.Combattingmisinformationrequiresamultifacetedapproach.Firstandforemost,medialiteracyeducationiscrucial.Peopleneedtobetaughthowtocriticallyevaluateinformationandidentifypotentialbiases.Additionally,socialmediaplatformshavearesponsibilitytodevelopalgorithmsthatpromotethespreadofaccurateinformationandreducethevisibilityoffalsecontent.Finally,fact-checkingorganizationsplayanimportantroleinverifyingtheaccuracyofinformationandexposingmisinformation.A)Ithascreatednewopportunitiesforbusinessestoreachconsumers.B)Ithasmadeiteasierforpeopletoconnectwithotherswhosharetheirinterests.C)Ithascontributedtothespreadoffalseandmisleadinginformation.D)Ithasledtoadeclineintraditionalformsofmedia,suchasnewspapersandtelevision.Theinternetandsocialmediahavehadaprofoundimpactonsocietyinrecentyears.Despitethemanybenefitstheyoffer,oneofthemostsignificantchallengestheypresentistheproliferationofmisinformation.A)Becausetheyareoftenmoreentertainingthanlegitimatenewssources.B)Becauseitisoftenpresentedinawaythatisdifficulttodistinguishfromtrueinformation.C)Becauseitistypicallygeneratedbywell-respectedorganizationsandindividuals.D)Becausepeoplearenaturallycuriousandwanttoknowmoreaboutcurrentevents.Muchofthemisinformationthatcirculatesonlineisparticularlydangerous________.A)Itcanunderminepublictrustininstitutions,suchasgovernmentandthemedia.B)Itcanleadtopolarizationanddivisionwithinsocieties.C)Itcanhaveseriousconsequencesforpublichealthandpoliticaloutcomes.D)Alloftheabove.A)Bypromotingthedevelopmentofnewtechnologiestodetectfalseinformation.B)Byimplementingstrictercontentmoderationpoliciesandremovingfalsecontent.C)Byeducatingtheirusersabouthowtoidentifyandavoidmisinformation.D)Bycreatingdedicatedteamsofexpertstofact-checkinformation.Socialmediaplatformscanhelptocombatmisinformation________.A)Peopleshouldbemoreskepticalofinformationthatcomesfromunfamiliarsources.B)Peopleshouldrelyontheirownintuitionandgutfeelingswhenevaluatinginformation.C)Peopleshouldactivelyseekoutmultipleperspectivesandsourcesofinformation.D)Peopleshouldonlybelieveinformationthatissharedbytheirfriendsandfamily.A)Itcanhelptoensurethatpeopleareexposedtoawiderrangeofviewpoints.B)Itcanmakeitmoredifficultforpeopletofindaccurateinformationonline.C)Itcancontributetotheformationofechochambersandthereinforcementofbiases.D)Itcanleadtoincreasedcompetitionbetweendifferentsocialmediaplatforms.A)Itisoftenbasedonscientificresearchanddata.B)Itistypicallymoreemotionallychargedthanfactualinformation.C)Itisusuallypresentedinaconciseandeasilydigestibleformat.D)Itisoftensharedbyindividualswhohaveexpertiseintherelevantfield.Fact-checkingorganizationsareimportantbecause________.A)Theycanhelptopromotemedialiteracyeducation.B)Theycanworkwithsocialmediaplatformstodevelopbetteralgorithms.C)Theycanprovideindependentverificationoftheaccuracyofinformation.D)Theycanholdindividualsandorganizationsaccountableforspreadingmisinformation.PartBDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneForyears,scientistshavebeentryingtounderstandthecognitivebenefitsofbilingualism.Whileresearchhasconsistentlyshownthatbilingualindividualstendtoperformbetteroncertaincognitivetasksthanmonolinguals,thereasonsbehindthisadvantagehavebeendebated.Onepopulartheorysuggeststhatbilingualismenhancescognitiveflexibility,theabilitytoswitchbetweendifferenttasksorconcepts.Anothertheoryproposesthatbilingualismimprovesexecutivefunction,asetofmentalskillsthatincludeplanning,decision-making,andproblem-solving.However,anewstudypublishedinthejournalNatureNeurosciencesuggeststhatthekeytobilingualism'scognitivebenefitsmaybesomethingelseentirely:theconstantmentaljugglingrequiredtokeeptrackoftwolanguages.Thestudy,ledbyDr.AnnaWuoftheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,involved48participants,halfofwhomwerebilingualandhalfofwhomweremonolingual.Theparticipantswereaskedtoperformaseriesofcognitivetasksdesignedtomeasuretheircognitiveflexibilityandexecutivefunction.Whilethebilingualparticipantsdidindeedperformbetteronsomeofthesetasks,theresearchersweresurprisedtofindthatthemagnitudeofthisadvantagewasnotsignificantlydifferentfromthatofthemonolingualparticipants.WhentheresearchersanalyzedthebrainactivityoftheparticipantsusingfMRIscans,theyfoundsomethingunexpected.Thebilingualparticipantsshowedincreasedactivityintheanteriorcingulatecortex(ACC),abrainregioninvolvedinattentionandconflictresolution.Themonolingualparticipants,ontheotherhand,showedincreasedactivityintheprefrontalcortex,abrainregioninvolvedinworkingmemoryanddecision-making.Thisfindingsuggeststhatthecognitivebenefitsofbilingualismmaynotbeduetoenhancedcognitiveflexibilityorexecutivefunction,butrathertotheincreasedmentaleffortrequiredtomanagetwolanguages."Theconstantneedtomonitortwolanguagesandresolveanypotentialconflictsbetweenthemmaybewhatleadstotheobservedcognitiveadvantages,"Dr.Wuexplains."It'slikehavingtwoseparatementalfilesthatyouneedtokeeptrackof,andtheprocessofswitchingbetweenthemmaybewhatstrengthensthebrain."Thestudyalsohasimplicationsforeducation."Thesefindingssuggestthatexposingchildrentomultiplelanguagesatanearlyagemaynotonlybebeneficialfortheirlinguisticdevelopmentbutalsofortheiroverallcognitivedevelopment,"Dr.Wusays."Itmayhelpthembecomebetterproblem-solversanddecision-makerslaterinlife."Theauthor'smainpurposeinwritingthepassageisto________.A)argueagainsttheexistingtheoriesaboutthecognitivebenefitsofbilingualism.B)introduceanewstudythatchallengestheconventionalunderstandingofbilingualism'seffects.C)emphasizetheimportanceofearlylanguageexposureforchildren'scognitivedevelopment.D)discussthedifferenttypesofcognitivetasksusedinthestudyconductedbyDr.AnnaWu.Accordingtothepassage,whatisthemainfindingofDr.Wu'sstudy?A)Bilingualindividualsperformbetteroncognitivetasksthanmonolingualindividuals.B)Theanteriorcingulatecortexismoreactiveinbilingualindividualsthaninmonolingualindividuals.C)Theprefrontalcortexismoreactiveinmonolingualindividualsthaninbilingualindividuals.D)Thecognitivebenefitsofbilingualismarenotduetoenhancedcognitiveflexibilityorexecutivefunction.Whatdoesthephrase"mentaljuggling"inthesecondparagraphmostprobablymean?A)Theabilitytoperformcomplexmentaltaskssimultaneously.B)Theeffortrequiredtokeeptrackoftwodifferentlanguages.C)Theprocessofswitchingbetweendifferentcognitivefunctions.D)Thestruggletoresolveconflictsbetweendifferentideas.AccordingtoDr.Wu,whatmaybethekeytobilingualism'scognitivebenefits?A)Theabilitytoswitchbetweendifferenttasksorconcepts.B)Theconstantneedtomonitortwolanguagesandresolveanypotentialconflictsbetweenthem.C)Thedevelopmentofstrongworkingmemoryanddecision-makingskills.D)Theexposuretomultiplelanguagesatanearlyage.Whatistheauthor'stonetowardsthestudy'sfindings?A)SkepticalB)CautiousC)ObjectiveD)SupportivePassageTwoTheriseofartificialintelligence(AI)hasraisedconcernsaboutitspotentialimpactonthejobmarket.SomeexpertspredictthatAIwillreplacehumanworkersinmanyfields,leadingtowidespreadunemployment.WhileitistruethatAIislikelytoautomatecertainjobs,itisalsolikelytocreatenewjobsthatwecannotyetimagine.Furthermore,AIcanbeusedtoaugmenthumancapabilities,allowingworkerstobemoreproductiveandefficient.ThekeytoharnessingthebenefitsofAIwhilemitigatingitsrisksliesinhumancreativityandadaptability.OneareawhereAIisalreadymakingasignificantimpactisthefieldofmedicine.AI-powereddiagnostictoolscananalyzemedicalimageswithgreateraccuracythanhumandoctors,helpingtodetectdiseasesatanearlierstage.AIcanalsobeusedtodevelopnewdrugsandtreatmentsmorequicklyandefficiently.Forexample,AIalgorithmshavebeenusedtoidentifypotentialdrugcandidatesforcancerandotherdiseases.However,AIisnotareplacementforhumandoctors.Itisatoolthatcanbeusedtoaugmenttheircapabilitiesandimprovepatientoutcomes.AnotherareawhereAIishavingapositiveimpactiseducation.AI-poweredlearningplatformscanpersonalizelearningexperiencesforstudents,adaptingtotheirindividualneedsandlearningstyles.Theseplatformscanprovidestudentswithinstantfeedbackandsupport,helpingthemtolearnmoreeffectively.AIcanalsobeusedtoautomateadministrativetasks,freeingupteacherstofocusonmoreimportantaspectsoftheirjobs,suchasteachingandmentoringstudents.However,AIisnotareplacementforhumanteachers.Itisatoolthatcanbeusedtoenhancetheirteachingandimprovestudentlearning.WhileAIhasthepotentialtorevolutionizemanyindustries,itisimportanttorememberthatitisnotapanacea.AIcannotreplacehumancreativity,empathy,andcriticalthinking.Thesearetheskillsthatwillbeinhighdemandinthefuturejobmarket.Therefore,itisimportantforindividualstofocusondevelopingtheseskillsinordertoremaincompetitiveintheageofAI.Whatistheauthor'smainargumentinthepassage?A)AIwillreplacehumanworkersinmanyfields,leadingtowidespreadunemployment.B)AIisatoolthatcanbeusedtoaugmenthumancapabilitiesandimproveproductivity.C)AIisapanaceathatcansolvealloftheworld'sproblems.D)HumancreativityandadaptabilityareessentialintheageofAI.Accordingtothepassage,whatisonewaythatAIisalreadymakingasignificantimpactinthefieldofmedicine?A)AIisbeingusedtodevelopnewmedicaldevicesandequipment.B)AI-powereddiagnostictoolscananalyzemedicalimageswithgreateraccuracythanhumandoctors.C)AIisbeingusedtoperformsurgeryonpatients.D)AIisbeingusedtodevelopnewmedicalproceduresandtechniques.Whatistheauthor'sviewontheroleofAIineducation?A)AIcanreplacehumanteachersandprovideamoreefficientlearningexperience.B)AIcanbeusedtoaugmenthumanteachersandimprovestudentlearning.C)AIisnotsuitableforuseineducationbecauseitcannotreplacehumaninteraction.D)AIisonlyusefulforadministrativetasksinschoolsanduniversities.Accordingtothepassage,whataresomeoftheskillsthatwillbeinhighdemandinthefuturejobmarket?A)Technicalskills,suchasprogramminganddataanalysis.B)Creativeskills,suchasartanddesign.C)Empatheticskills,suchascommunicationandcollaboration.D)Criticalthinkingskills,suchasproblem-solvinganddecision-making.Whatistheauthor'stonetowardstheriseofAI?A)OptimisticB)Pessimi